nasopharyngitispresentation-171018045613.pptx

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1. NASOPHARYNGITIS

2. DESCR I PTION Is commonly known as common cold. Nasopharyngitis refers to the swelling of the nasal passages and the back of the throat. Usually last about 7 days or less It can cause a blocked nose followed by a runny nose, sneezing, a sore throat and a cough Can be contagious

3. The etiology: • Rhinovirus is the most common cold-causing virus and it’s highly contagious. A virus or bacteria can cause nasopharyngitis. It can spread through tiny air droplets that are expelled when a person infected with the virus: sneezes, coughs, blows their nose, talks.

4. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY The mechanism of this immune response is virus specific. For example, the rhinovirus is typically acquired by direct contact it binds to human ICAM-1 receptors(Inter-Cellular Adhesion Molecule 2) This receptors present on respiratory epithelial cells. As the virus replicates and spreads, infected cells release distress signals known as chemokines and cytokines(which in turn activate inflammatory mediators). These inflammatory mediators then produce the symptoms.

5. A cold can be spread through: direct contact – sneeze or cough, tiny droplets of fluid containing the cold virus are launched into the air and can be breathed in by others. indirect contact – sneeze onto a door handle and someone else touches the handle a few minutes later, they may catch the cold virus if they can touch their mouth or nose

6. Signs and symptoms Dry or sore throat. Runny nose . Sneezing. Headache . Earaches, also brought on by the congestion (especially in children). Slight fever and chills . Coughing. Feeling tired. Watery or itchy eyes Body aches Post nasal drip

7. DI A GNOSIS Symptoms and a physical examination are all the doctor needs to diagnose the common cold. Usually, no blood tests or X-ray are necessary. During the physical examination, the doctor will pay careful attention to the head, neck, and chest. Examine the eyes, ears, throat, and chest to help determine if a bacterial source is causing the illness.

8. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT Antipyretics or analgesics- may be indicated for mild fever and discomfort, and pain and the cold itself. Cough Suppressants- containing dextromethorphan may be prescribed for a dry, hacking cough, especially at night Rest is recommended Antihistamines – for runny nose, sneezing, itching and to induce sleep. Decongestants- may be prescribed for children and infants older than 12 months of age to shrink swollen nasal passages

9. Elevate the head of the bed or crib mattress- helps with drainage of secretions Suctioning and vaporization may also provide relief Saline nose drops and gentle suction with a bulb syringe before feeding and sleep time may be useful. Maintaining adequate fluid intake is important to prevent dehydration Promote rest NU R SIN G MA N A GEMENT

10. Patient Education to Prevent the Spread of the Nasopharyngitis- disposing of tissues; not sharing towels; covering the nose and mouth with tissues when coughing or sneezing; and washing hands thoroughly after nose blowing or sneezing; avoid touching their eyes, noses, and mouths. Family Support Upper Respiratory Infections are frequent in children younger than 3 years of age, families may feel they are on an endless roller coaster of illness. They need the reassurance that frequent colds are a normal part of childhood and that by 5years of age, their children will have developed immunity to many viruses.

11. COMPLICATIONS Colds may aggravate the symptoms of other conditions, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cold can also lead to: ac u t e b a c t erial b r o nch i ti s – i nflam m atio n of the windpipe (trachea) st r ep th r oat -b a c t erial in f e ct i on th a t ca u ses inflammation and pain in the throat Pneumonia – lung infection Otit is medi a – a n y infl a mma t ion i n t h e middle ear due to nasopharyngeal secretions

12. PREVENTIONS GOOD HANDWASHING! Cough and sneeze into arm or tissue, not into your hand. Sanitize your hands if you have hand sanitizer. Use tissues Disinfect stuff Don’t share

13. Assessment diagnosis pla n ning intervention rationale evaluation v/s T-100.4 F (38 C) complaint of nasal congestion hea d a che bur n i n g e y es sli g ht f e v er runny nose w a t ery e y es chills (feeling cold) dry or sore throat h o a r sene s s s n e e zi n g coughing irritability, r est les sn es s Impaired sleeping pattern related to excess mucus evidence by patient stating “I have trouble sleeping at night because of my stuffy nose” and signs of nasal flaring. After 3 days child should feel relieved of production in nose as stuffy nose and have no fever 1. Monitor vitals 2. Put patient in a semi- fowlers position 3. A d m inis t er analgesic 4. Give antihistamine (Benadryl) 5. Give fluids 6. Adequate rest 7. Educate patient on washing hands, covering nose when coughing and sneezing. 8. Educate parents on this condition… 1. Monitor for fever 2. To facilitate lung expansion 3. For fever, pain and cold itself, 4. For runny nose, sneezing, itching. induce sleep 5. Hydration is good to cough out the mucous 6. Its important for the body to get rest as the body’s immune system is fighting off the virus. 7 . T o p r e v ent illness a nd spread of infection. 8. Reassure parents that common colds are normal and can be frequent in children and by age 5 they will develop immunity to viruses After 3 days child states he feels relieved of stuffy nose and feels relief of fever .

14. Ass e ssment dry or sore throat. hoarsness sneezing coughing irritability, restlessness v/s T-100.4 F (38 C) complaint of nasal congestion headache burning eyes fever runny nose watery eyes chills (feeling cold) dry or sore thoat

15. DIAGNOSIS 1. Impaired sleeping pattern related to excess mucus production in nose as evidence by patient stating “I have trouble sleeping at night because of my stuffy nose” and signs of nasal flaring. PLANNING - After 3 days child should feel relieved of stuffy nose and have no fever

16. Do a physical examination Monitor and record vital signs Put patient in a semi fowlers position. Administer analgesics Give antihistamine Give fluids. Educate parent that child needs adequate rest i n t e r v ent i on rationale Check for signs and symptoms on child Monitor temperature for any fever. To facilitate lung expansion For pain, reduce fever For runny nose, sneezing, itching, induce sleep Hydration is good to cough out the mucous The body needs to rest as the body’s immune system is fighting off the virus.

17. To prevent illness and spread of infection. Reassure parents that common colds are normal and can be frequent in children and by age 5 they will develop immunity to viruses 8. Educate patient on washing hands, covering nose when coughing and sneezing. 9. Educate parents on this condition…

18. EVALUATION - After 3 days child states he feels relieved of stuffy nose and feels relief of fever.