NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AGENCIES.pptx

Community Health Nursing, Nursing Administration

1. NATIONAL AND I NTERNATIONAL HEALTH AGENCIES PREPARED BY:- MS. PAYAL TEMBHURNE MSc NURSING FINAL YEAR

2. GENERAL OBJECTIVES At the end of the class, student will develop adequate knowledge regarding Health Agencies.

3. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES At the end of the class student will able to, Define Health agencies Discuss purposes of health agencies Enumerate categories of health agencies Discuss national health agencies Explain international health agencies Discuss role of nurse in health care services

4. INTRODUCTION National Health Agencies are organization has its own administrative body or committee that raises funds through its members or from private sources. It has paid or voluntary staff. Works for health promotion, health education and health legislation, etc.

5. DEFINITION Health agency may be defined as an organization that is administered by an autonomous board which holds meetings, collects funds & expend money for providing care, health education, & research works.

6. PURPOSES OF HEALTH CARE AGENCIES Provision for promotive and preventive care Rendering curative services Reduction in population growth rate Improvement in nutritional status Improvement in sanitation facilities

7. CONT… Development of manpower resources Provision for safe water and food supply Increasing the literacy rate Reducing the levels of poverty

8. CATEGORIES OF HEALTH CARE AGENCIES

9. “NATIONAL HEALTH CARE AGENCIES”

10. 1) INDIAN RED CROSS SOCIETY (IRCS) It was established in 1920 under the Indian Red Cross Society Act and incorporated under Parliament Act XV of 1920. The National headquarters of Indian Red Cross Society (IRCS) is at Delhi.

11. It is a national organization with more than 655 branches, which are spread throughout the state, district and sub-division of the country. The main objective of this society is to promotion of health, prevention of disease and mitigation of suffering among the people.

12. Activities of Indian red cross society Social and relief work at time of disasters like floods, earthquakes, epidemics. Supplies of essential items like drugs, milk, milk powder, vitamins, nutritional supplements to hospitals, maternity health centres, child care centres, schools and orphanages. Maintenance of blood banks. Services for maternal and child welfare. Medical care for defence forces.

13. 2) INDIAN COUNCIL FOR CHILD WELFARE Indian council for child welfare was established in 1952. Head Office- New Delhi President- Smt. Rita Singh from 2019

14. Objectives of the Project To provide care for normal but destitute children. To integrate normal and handicapped children and instil in them values of caring & sharing. To provide opportunities for the overall development and building of self-confidence in both groups of children.

15. Activities under ICFCW National Integration Camps/ Adventure Camps Advocating Children's Rights Rehabilitation of Abandoned Children Programmes with special focus on the girl child Training programmes for child care workers Institutional and day care services for differently abled children

16. 3) FAMILY PLANNING ASSOCIATION OF INDIA I t was formed in 1949 Head quarter is in Mumbai The founder of FPA India is Avabai Wadia It has trained several hundred doctors, health visitors and social workers. The current national president is Dr. Rathnamala M. Desai

17. Cont … FPA India is a social impact organisation delivering essential health services focusing on sexual and reproductive health in 18 states of India. The organisation promotes reproductive choices, legal and safe  abortion , education about  Sexually transmitted disease and sexual and reproductive health.

18. Services under association Gynaecological services Gender Based Violence related services Laboratory services Contraceptive services Pregnancy Services HIV related services - test, counselling, treatment

19. Special Programmes runs under FPAI Small Family By Choice Project-acceptance of family planning Youth Education on Sexuality Project and education in SRH issues The Girl Child and Prevention of Female Foeticide Project Disha - Disha Centres/young people/meet, discuss healthy lifestyles Movement Youth to Youth-RH education/adolescents Girl

20. 4) TUBERCULOSIS OF INDIA Established – February, 1939 Head Office – New Delhi The Tuberculosis Association of India (TAI) is one of the oldest and largest voluntary organizations having its affiliates all over the country.

21. Aims and Objectives The prevention, control, treatment and relief of tuberculosis. The encouragement and assistance in the establishment throughout India of State Associations having objectives similar in whole or in part to those of the Association. The undertaking of the Research and Investigation on subjects concerning tuberculosis and allied chest diseases.

22. The present major activities of TAI Providing quality diagnostic and treatment services through its New Delhi TB Centre. Seal Campaign every year to raise funds Training Programs for doctors and health workers in anti-tuberculosis work Promotion of health Education Promotion of Consultations and Conferences

23. 5) HINDU KUSHT NIVARAN SANGH Established – 27 th January 1925 Headquarter – Delhi 27th January 1925 - name of Indian Council of British Empire Leprosy Relief Association (BELRA) Later changed to HKNS- 1950.

24. Objectives To carry out research on various aspects of leprosy To provide short courses of training, treatment of leprosy

25. Activities Health Education Conducting training courses of nine months duration for physiotherapy technicians at leprosy training center ( Naini , Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh and Purulia, West Bengal). Conducts Research and Field Investigations into Leprosy Production and distribution of leprosy seals to create awareness about leprosy and help other organizations in raising funds for their work through the sale of these seals.

26. 6) CENTRAL SOCIAL WELFARE BOARD It is an autonomous organization under the general administrative control of the Ministry of Education Organized by the Government of India in August , 1953

27. Functions under CSWB Surveying the needs and requirements of voluntary welfare organizations in the country. Promoting and setting up of social welfare organizations on a voluntary basis Rendering of financial aid to deserving existing organizations and institutions.

28. Activities runs under CSWB Provides financial Aid. Initiated the ‘Family and Child Welfare Services’ in rural areas for the welfare of women and children. Where social education, literacy classes, distribution of milk is promoted, along with organization of crèches and providing maternal aid ‘Industrial Cooperative’ Scheme- women of lower middle class in urban areas are employed and given salary.

29. 7) BLIND ASSOCIATION OF INDIA The Blind Association of India was established in 1946, which head offices is in Lajpat Nagar, Delhi Founder - Mr. S.M.A. Jinnah

30. Objectives of organization To promote, foster, encourage, and initiate unity among the Blind men and women To educate and support the children of blind persons To rehabilitate the blind as married and happy person in the Society To remove the beggar habits from blinds and help them to get employment

31. Activities 1. Rehabilitation 6. Vocational training 2. Employment 7. Advocacy 3. Client service 8. Free education 4. Conduct of ophthalmic camps 5. It works in coordination with other institutions and organizations for the blind.

32. Awards achieved by the founder (Mr. S.M.A. Jinnah) Millennium Award. All India Confederation for the Blind, New Delhi. IBN7 Super Idol Award – 2010, IBN7, Shri Aamir Khan, Actor National Award for the Best Institution – 2007, Govt of India Honorable President Prathiba Patil. Award for Eminence – 2004, Cavinkare and Ability Foundation National Award for Best Role Model – 2001, Govt of India.

33. “INTERNATIO-NAL HEALTH CARE AGENCIES”

34. 1) WHO - WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION The WHO was established on 7 th April 1948. Head quarters at Geneva Objective of WHO Main Objective: “The attainment by all peoples of the highest level of health” which is set out in the preamble of the constitution.

35. Objectives In The Preamble Of WHO Complete state of physical, mental and social well being No discrimination in path of attainment of highest standard of health. Good Health is for attainment of peace and security. Equal development in promotion and control of disease in all the countries Extension to all people of the benefits of medical, psychological and related knowledge. Informed opinion and active co-operation.

36. Work Of Who Prevention and control of specific diseases Development of Comprehensive services Family health Bio-Medical Research Health Statistics Environmental Health, Health literature and information Co-operation with other organisation

37. Functions of WHO A- All communicable diseases prevention and control B- Bio medical research C- Cooperation with other organizations D- Development of comprehensive health services

38. CONT… E- Environmental health F- Family health G- General information and health literature H- H ealth statistics

39. 2) UNFPA - UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND UNFPA started working in 1969, and head quarter is in New York UNFPA is the lead UN agency for delivering a world where every pregnancy is wanted, every birth is safe, and every young person's potential is fulfilled. UNFPA expands the possibilities for women and young people to lead healthy and productive lives.

40. Services provided by UNFPA 1) UNFPA supports healthy families by: Training health workers to deliver quality family planning services Supplying contraceptives in emergency situations Providing counselling and choices to women who want to avoid or delay pregnancy Educating men on the benefits of birth spacing

41. CONT… 2) UNFPA supports maternal health by: Training midwives and health workers Preventing and treating obstetric emergencies Supplying clean birthing kits Strengthening emergency obstetric care Ensuring reliable supplies of essential medicines and equipment

42. CONT… 3) UNFPA advocates for the welfare of young people by: Promoting the human rights of adolescents Preventing HIV infection Supporting age-appropriate comprehensive sexuality education Creating safe spaces for adolescent girls Encouraging leadership

43. 3) UNDP - UNITED NATION DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME UNDP was established in 22 Nov 1965 Headquarter – New York The United Nations Development Programme is a United Nations agency tasked with helping countries eliminate poverty and achieve sustainable economic growth and human development.

44. Goal UNDP Goal is to contribute to sustainable human development. UNDP has four focus areas in its mandate: poverty reduction, democratic governance, environment and energy, and crisis prevention and recovery.

45. UNDP’S Activities UNDP's network links and coordinates global and national efforts to reach these Goals. Their focus is helping countries build and share solutions to the challenges of: Democratic Governance Poverty Reduction Crisis Prevention and Recovery Environment and Energy

46. 4) WORLD BANK The World Bank, established in July 1944, is headquartered in Washington, D.C. The president, currently David R. Malpass The World Bank is a vital source of financial and technical assistance to developing countries around the world.

47. Goals The World Bank Group has two ambitious goals: End extreme poverty within a generation and boost shared prosperity. Mission The World Bank's mission statement is “to reduce poverty, and improve living standards by promoting sustainable growth and investment in people.

48. Functions Of World Bank Granting reconstruction loans to war devastated countries. Granting developmental loans to underdeveloped countries. Providing loans to governments for agriculture, irrigation, power, transport, water supply, education, health, etc. Providing loans to private concerns for specified projects.

49. CONT… Promoting foreign investment by guaranteeing loans provided by other organizations. Encouraging industrial development of underdeveloped countries by promoting economic reforms.

50. 5) FAO - THE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION FAO was founded on 16 October 1945, Headquarter is in Rome. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is an international organization that leads international efforts to defeat hunger and improve nutrition and food security.

51. Aims Of FAO To help nations raise living standards. To improve the nutritional status of people of all countries. To increase the efficiency of farming, forestry and fisheries. To better the condition of rural people and better the opportunity of productive work.

52. Activities of FAO Putting information within reach and supporting the transition to sustainable agriculture FAO serves as a knowledge network. Bolstering public-private collaboration to improve smallholder agriculture Bolstering public-private collaboration to improve smallholder agriculture In crisis situations, we work side-by-side with the World Food Programme and other humanitarian agencies to protect rural livelihoods and help people rebuild their lives

53. 6) UNICEF - UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN'S EMERGENCY FUND It was established on 11 December 1946, Headquarter is in New York. UNICEF  works in collaboration with FAO,UNDP,WHO and UNESCO. It is an agency of the United Nations responsible for providing humanitarian and developmental aid to children worldwide.

54. Purpose UNICEF is committed to ensuring special protection for the most disadvantaged children - victims of war, disasters, extreme poverty, all forms of violence and exploitation and those with disabilities. UNICEF responds in emergencies to protect the rights of children.

55. Goals Child survival and development Basic education and gender equality Child protection Provide long term humanitarian and development assistances to children & mothers in developing countries Emphasize developing community level services to promote health & well being of children.

56. Focus areas under UNICEF Child nutrition :- Low cost protein rich food With FAO, aided Applied Nutrition Programme Enriched food in endemic areas of nutritional deficiency. Immunization :- Production of vaccines & distribution

57. Prevent spread of HIV :- Antiretroviral medicines for children & mothers with HIV   Water sanitation hygiene :- UNICEF TAP PROJECT in 2007, New York For clean accessible water Basic education & gender equality :- Quality based education for boys & girls educational supplies Child protection Violence Exploitation Abuse

58. 7) EUROPEAN COMMISSION The European Commission is the executive of the European Union. It operates as a cabinet government, with 27 members of the Commission headed by a President. It includes an administrative body of about 32,000 European civil servants. Founded :- 16 Jan 1958

59. Goals The European Commission's priorities include the European Green deal, a digital future, an economy that works for people, promoting and strengthening European democracy.

60. The Commission's main roles are to: Set objectives and priorities for action Manage and implement EU policies and the budget Enforce European Law (jointly with the Court of Justice) Represent the EU outside Europe (negotiating trade agreements between the EU and other countries, etc.). Regular and emergency meetings

61. Functions of EC The European Commission confirms and protects the general interests of European Union. The Commission manages daily the business of the EU. The Commission executes the European Union budget. Once a year, the Commission produces for the EU Parliament a "General Report on the Activities of the European Union".

62. 8) INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS The International Committee of the Red Cross is a humanitarian organization based in Geneva, Switzerland. Founded :- 17 Feb. 1863 President :- Peter Maurer Purpose :  Protecting victims of conflicts and providing them with assistance

63. Role of Red cross: It was largely confined to the victims of the war. Mainly it tries to involve itself into activities like first aid in case of war like situations, MCH services Lately it has tried to extend it’s research in Disaster management and has designed emergency protocols.

64. Programs ICRC (International Committee of the Red Cross) research focuses on issues of local and national importance including motor vehicle injuries, interpersonal violence and suicide, opioid overdoses, older adult falls, and traumatic brain injuries. ICRCs work with states and communities to ensure research is put into action to prevent injuries and violence.

65. 9) USAID - UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT This agency primarily responsible for administering civilian foreign aid and development assistance. Headquarters :  Washington, D.C., United States Founder :  John F. Kennedy Founded : 3 November 1961

66. Mission USAID has adopted as its mission statement "to partner to end extreme poverty and to promote resilient, democratic societies while advancing the security and prosperity of the United States.“ USAID operates in Africa, Asia, Latin America and Europe.

67. Activities Of USAID 1) Malaria eradication 5) Water supply and sanitation 2) Medical education 6) Control of communicable diseases 3) Nursing education 7) Nutrition 4) Health education 8) Family planning

68. 10) UNESCO - THE UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialised agency of the United Nations aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. Headquarter :- Paris Founded : 16 November 1945

69. Objective of UNESCO To contribute to peace and security in the world by promotion collaboration among nations through education, science, culture and communication in order to further universal respect for justice and the rule of law and for the human rights and fundamental freedoms which are affirmed for the peoples of the world, without distinction of race, sex, language or religion.

70. UNESCO’s Activities Education: UNESCO supports research in Comparative education; and provides expertise and fosters partnerships to strengthen national educational leadership and the capacity of countries to offer quality education for all. UNESCO also issues public 'statements' to educate the public. Designating projects and places of cultural and scientific significance. Founding and funding projects.

71. 11) THE COLOMBO PLAN The Colombo Plan is a regional organization that embodies the concept of collective inter- governmental effort to strengthen economic and social development of member countries in the Asia-Pacific region. The primary focus of all Colombo Plan activities is on human resources development. Founded :- 1 July 1951 Headquarter :- Colombo, Sri Lanka

72. Objectives To promote technical cooperation and assist in the sharing and transfer of technology among member countries. To keep under review relevant information on technical cooperation between the member governments, multilateral and other agencies. To facilitate the transfer and sharing of the developmental experiences among member countries

73. Purpose The Colombo Plan is not intended as an integrated master plan to which national plans were expected to conform. It is, instead, a framework for bi-lateral arrangements involving foreign aid and technical assistance for the economic and social development of the region.

74. Programmes The Colombo Plan has four permanent programmes: Long-Term Scholarships Programme Drug Advisory Programme Programme for Private Sector Development Programme for Public Administration & Environment

75. 12) ILO - THE INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION The International Labour Organization is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice through setting international labour standards. Founded in October 1919 under the League of Nations, it is the first and oldest specialised agency of the UN. Headquarter :- Geneva

76. Objectives of ILO Full employment and raising of living. Protection for the life and health of workers in all occupation. Provision for child welfare and maternity protection. Assurance of quality education

77. Major activities of ILO Creation of international standards of labour Employment promotion Collection & distribution of information and publication Research and studies Improvement of working conditions and working environment Development of social institutions

78. This organisation contains 4 fundamental policies: The right of workers to associate freely and bargain collectively. The end of forced and compulsory labour. The end of child labour. The end of unfair discrimination among workers.

79. 13) CARE - CO-OPERATIVE FOR ASSISTANCE AND RELIEF EVERYWHERE CARE is a leading relief and development of non governmental organization fighting global poverty. Worked in 84 countries and supported 1051 poverty fighting projects. CARE helps tackle underlying causes of poverty so that people can become self sufficient. It was established in 1945 Headquarter is in U.S. Atlanta

80. Vision All of CARE international’s member organizations share a common vision to fight against worldwide poverty and to protect and enhance human dignity. MISSION CARE’S mission is to serve individuals and families in the poorest communities in the world. CARE promotes innovative solutions and are advocates for global responsibility.

81. Care Activities Include Agriculture and natural resources CARE helps families to produce more food and increase their income while managing their natural resources and preserving the environment for future generations. CARE works with farmers to increase their crop through activities such as planting new seed varieties, animal husbandry, home gardening and irrigation.

82. 2) Climate Change CARE’S response to climate change is rapidly growing to reflect the scope and severity of the challenge. Objectives are to empower poor and marginalised people to take action on climate change at all levels and to build knowledge for global change.

83. 3) Education CARE is dedicated to promote basic education for all. Experience shows that educated people have healthier families and greater earning potential. Promotes and facilitate discussion between parents, teachers and other members of the community to overcome barriers to education. CARE also provides economic incentives to help parents to cover the cost of keeping their children in school.

84. 4) Health CARE’S health projects focus on mothers and children, who often are the most vulnerable to disease and malnutrition. Focus has given on to deliver quality health services by providing training on local health volunteers as counsellors, mentors and monitoring of community health. CARE is focused on interventions ranging from nutrition and education to birth spacing and clinical services. Reproductive health projects encompass family planning, prenatal care, labour and delivery services and the prevention, detection and treatment of STD including HIV/AIDS.

85. 5) Nutrition Provided proper nutrition which is vital to a child’s healthy development and an adult’s ability to work and care for his or her family. Projects focus on teaching techniques and practices that help prevent malnutrition. Demonstration of proper breast feeding, educating families, and communities about how to cultivate and prepare nutritious food, providing food as part of emergency relief efforts and managing food for work projects to help communities improve infrastructure.

86. 6) Economic Development CARE’s economic development programmes assist families by supporting moneymaking activities, especially those operated by women. CARE initiates community savings and loan programmes and provides technical training to help people begin or expand small businesses that will increase family income.

87. 7) Water, Sanitation And Environmental Health CARE health subsidizes construction but communities make significant contributions both in case and labour, and pay the cost of operation and maintenance. The goal of these projects is to reduce the health risks of water related diseases and to increase the earning potential of households by saving time otherwise spent fetching water. Projects also include educating people about good hygiene practice, which reduces the risk of illnesses.

88. ROLE OF NURSE IN HEALTH CARE SERVICES 1) CARE GIVER As a care giver, the nurse helps client to regain health through healing process. Nurse addresses the holistic health care needs of the client. She helps the client & families to set goals & meets those goals. She preserves the dignity of the client. She accepts a client as a person , not merely as mechanical beings.

89. 2) ETHICAL DECISION MAKER The nurse uses critical thinking skills throughout the nursing process to provide effective care. Nurse makes decision in collaboration with the client & the family. She also collaborates & consults with other health professionals.

90. 3) CLINICAL ADVOCATE PROTECTOR A nurse provides a safe conducive environment to the client. She takes steps to prevent injury to the clients. 4) MANAGER As a manager, nurse coordinates the activities of other health team members. She manages the nursing care of not only one client but also of families & in communities. She delegates the nursing activities to auxiliary workers & other nurses.

91. 5) CASE MANAGER She protects the client from every possible adverse effects of treatment. She asks about any allergy to medicine or food. She provides immunization against disease. She protects client’s human & legal rights & provides assistance in asserting those rights if the need arises. She advocated the client by keeping in mind the client’s religion & culture. Nurse defends the clients right in general way by speaking out against policies that might endanger their well being.

92. 6) REHABILITATOR Rehabilitation is a process by which individuals return to maximal levels of functioning after illness, accidents or other health events. Nurse helps the clients to adapt as fully possible who experiences physical or emotional impairment that change their lives.

93. 7) COMMUNICATOR Nursing involves communication with clients & families, other nurses, health care team members, resource persons & the community As a communicator, nurse provides information to other team members about the palled & unplanned nursing care. She conveys information verbally at change of shift. She reports while shifting the client from one unit to the other.

94. 8) TEACHER Teaching refers to the activities by which the teacher helps the learner to learn a teacher. She determines that the client has fully understood. She also evaluates client’s progress in learning. She incorporates other resources such as family ,in teaching plans. Nurse gives health education on diet, about preventive measures of disease.

95. 9) LEADER As a leader, she influences the client to make decisions regarding health. Nursing leadership is defined as a mutual process of interpersonal influence through which nurse helps client in making decisions for establishing & achieving the goals to improve the clients well being.

96. 10) COUNSELLOR Nurse helps the client to recognize & cope with stressful, psychological or social problems. She assists the clients for developing good inter personal relationship. Nurse counsels primary healthy individuals with normal adjustment difficulties. Nurse helps the person to develop new attitudes, feeling & behavoirs .

97. 11) RESEARCHER Nurse investigates problems in order to improve nursing care & expand the scope of nursing practice. She does many qualitative & quantitative researches. Based upon these findings, they practice nursing care in hospital as well as in the community setting.

98. CONCLUSION Health agencies are usually responsible for public health, including preventive medicine, epidemiology, vaccinations, environmental health, developmental disabilities, mental health, occupational safety and health, receiving and recording reports of diseases. Now we had learned how some of these National Health Organisation and International Health Organisations are work at particular level.

99. BIBLIOGRAPHY BT Basvanthappa textbook of, “Community Health Nursing”, 3 rd Edition, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publisher. Deepak. K, Sarath Chandran. C, Mithun Kumar. B.P, A Comprehensive Text book of, “Nursing Management”, EMMESS Publication Shebeer . P. Basheer, S. Yaseen Khan, Text book of “Advance nursing practice”, EMMESS Medical Publishers. Nagamani Manjunath Follow Principal. (n.d.). Health Agencies . Share and Discover Knowledge on SlideShare. Retrieved September 28, 2022, from https://www.slideshare.net/NagamaniManjunath/health-agencies-249540650 Astha Patel Follow Working. (n.d.). National Health Agencies . Share and Discover Knowledge on SlideShare. Retrieved September 28, 2022, from https://www.slideshare.net/AsthaPatel30/national-health-agencies