National health policy

National health policy

1. TEACHING ON NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY

2. NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ADOPTED A NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY IN AUGUST 1983. THE POLICY IS A 17 PAGE DOCUMENT CONSISTING OF 20 PARAS AND AN APPENDIX SETTING THE GOALS FOR HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE PROGRAMME.

3. NHP 1983 INDIA IS ONE OF THE COUNTRIES WHICH HAS SIGNED THE ALMA ATA DECLARATION. IT IS THEREFORE, COMMITED TO THE GOAL OF HEALTH FOR ALL BY THE YEAR 2000. IN ORDER TO REACH THE GOAL THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA HAS EVOLVED A NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY IN 1983.

4. ELEMENTS CREATION OF AWARENESS IN THE COMMUNITY ABOUT THE HEALTH PROBLEMS. SUPPLY OF SAFE DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION WITH AFFORDABLE TECHNOLOGY. REDUCTION IN THE RURAL/URBAN IMBALANCE OF HEALTH SERVICES. PROMOTION OF RESEARCH FOR THE ALTERNATE/LOW COST HEALTH INTERVENTIONS. IMPROVEMENT IN CO-ORDINATION OF THE DIFFERENT SYSTEMS OF MEDICINE.

5. STRATEGIES FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF HEALTH POLICY RECONSTRUCTING OF HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE ; THIS HOPEFULLY WILL REMOVE THE EXISTING IMBALANCE. DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH MANPOWER; SUCH AS HEALTH WORKERS, TRAINED DAIS,ANGANWADI WORKERS,VILLAGE HEALTH GUIDES ETC.

6. IT ALSO INCLUDES PERIODIC TRAINING OF THE EXISTING MANPOWER . RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ; STRESS TO BE GIVEN ON EVOLVING THE LOW COST HEALTH INTERVENTIONS AND RESEARCH ON ALTERNATIVE APPROACH FOR HEALTH PROBLEMS.

7. OPERATIONAL TARGETS ESTABLISHMENT OF ONE SUBCENTRE FOR EVERY 5000 POPULATION IN RURAL AND 3000 POPULATION IN HILLY/TRIBAL AREAS. ESTABLISHMENT OF ONE PHC FOR EVERY 30,000 POPULATION IN RURAL AREA AND FOR 20,000 POPULATION IN HILLY/TRIBAL AREA. ONE COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTRE PER LAKH POPULATION.

8. ONE VILLAGE HEALTH GUIDE FOR 1000 POPULATION AND ONE TRAINED BIRTH ATTENDANT IN EACH VILLAGE. TRAINING OF VARIOUS CATEGORIES OF PARAMEDICAL PERSONNEL.

9. POLICY PRESCRIPTION OF NHP 1983 MEDICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION : SETS OUT THE CHANGES REQUIRED TO BE BROUGHT ABOUT IN THE CURRICULAR CONTENTS AND TRAINING PROGRAMME OF MEDICAL AND HEALTH PERSONNEL,AT VARIOUS LEVELS OF FUCTIONING. TAKES INTO ACCOUNT THE NEED FOR ESTABLISHING THE EXTREMELY ESSENTIAL INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN FUCTIONARIES OF VARIOUS GRADES.

10. SEEKS TO RESOLVE THE EXISTING SHARP REGIONAL IMBALANCES IN THEIR AVAILABILITY. ENSURES THAT PERSONNEL AT ALL LEVELS ARE SOCIALLY MOTIVATED TOWARDS THE RENDERING OF COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES.

11. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON THE PREVENTIVE, PROMOTIVE AND REHABILITATIVE ASPECTS : A WELL DISPERSED NETWORK OF COMPREHENSIVE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES WITH ORGANIZED SUPPORT OF VOLUNTEERS,AUXILIARIES,PARA-MEDICS AND ADEQUATELY TRAINED MULTIPURPOSE WORKERS. THE QUALITY OF TRAINING OF HEALTH GUIDES/ WORKERS.

12. ESTABLISHMENT OF A WELL WORKED OUT REFERRAL SYSTEM TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE EXPERTISE NEAREST TO THE COMMUNITY. THE LOCATION OF CURATIVE CENTRES SHOULD BE RELATED TO DENSITIES OF POPULATION , DISTANCES, TOPOGRAPHY AND TRANSPORT CONNECTIONS. INCREASED INVESTMENT BY NON-GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES IN ESTABLISHING CURATIVE CENTRES AND BY OFFERING LOGISTICAL,FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT TO VOLUNTARY AGENCIES IN THE HEALTH FIELD.

13. REORIENTATION OF THE EXISTING HEALTH PERSONNEL: A DYNAMIC PROCESS OF CHANGE AND INNOVATION IS REQUIRED TO BE BROUGHT ABOUT IN THE ENTIRE APPROACH TO HEALTH MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT, ENSURING THE EMERGENCE OF FULLY INTEGRATED BANDS OF WORKERS FUCTIONING WITHIN THE “HEALTH TEAM” APPROACH.

14. PRIVATE PRACTICE BY GOVRNMENTAL FUCTIONARIES: IT IS DESIRABLE FOR THE STATES TO TAKE STEPS TO PHASE OUT THE SYSTEM OF THE PRIVATE PRACTICE BY MEDICAL PERSONNEL IN GOVERNMENT SERVICE, PROVIDING AT THE SAME TIME FOR PAYMENT OF APPROPRIATE COMPENSATORY NON PRACTICING ALLOWANCES.

15. PRACTITIONERS OF INDIGENOUS AND OTHER SYSTEMS OF MEDICINE AND THEIR ROLE IN HEALTH CARE: IT IS NECESSARY TO INITIATE ORGANIZED MEASURES TO ENABLE EACH OF THE VARIOUS SYSTEMS OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH CARE TO DEVELOP IN ACCORDANCE WITH ITS GENIUS .

16. PROBLEMS REQUIRING URGENT ATTENTION: NUTRITION PREVENTION OF FOOD ADULTRATION AND MAINTENANCE OF QUALITY OF DRUGS WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMME MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH SERVICES SCHOOL HEALTH PROGRAMMES OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES

17. HEALTH EDUCATION: THE PUBLIC HEALTH EDUCATION PROGRAMMES SHOULD BE SUPPLEMENTED BY HEALTH, NUTRITION AND POPULATION EDUCATION PROGRAMMES IN ALL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AT VARIOUS LEVELS. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM: APPROPRIATE DECISION MAKING AND PROGRAMME PLANNING IN THE HEALTH AND RELATED FIELDS IS NOT POSSIBLE WITHOUT ESTABLISHING AN EFFECTIVE HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM.

18. MEDICAL INDUSTRY: EFFORTS SHOULD BE MADE TO ICREASE THE PRODUCTION OF ESSENTIAL AND LIFE SAVING DRUGS AND VACCINES. THE PRODUCTION OF THE ESSENTIAL, LIFE SAVING DRUGS UNDER THEIR GENERIC NAMES AND THE ADOPTION OF ECONOMICAL PACKAGING PRACTICES.

19. HEALTH INSURANCE: IT WOULD BE NECESSARY TO DEVICSE WELL-CONSIDERED HEALTH INSURANCE SCHEMES, ON A STATEWISE BASIS FOR MOBILISING ADDITIONAL RESOURCES FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND ENSURING THAT THE COMMUNITY SHARES THE COST OF THE SERVICES , IN KEEPING WITH ITS PAYING CAPACITY. HEALTH LEGISLATION: IT IS NECESSARY TO URGENTLY REVIEW ALL EXISTING LEGISLATION AND WORK TOWARDS A UNIFIED, COMPREHENSIVE LEGISLATION IN THE HEALTH FIELD, ENFORCEABLE ALL OVER THE COUNTRY.

20. MEDICAL RESEARCH: CONTAINMENT AND ERADICATION OF THE EXISTING , WIDELY PREVELANT DISEASES. TRANSLATION OF AVAILABLE KNOWN HOW INTO SIMPLE,LOW COST, APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES. CONTRACEPTIVE RESEARCH NUTRITION RESEARCH

21. INTERSECTORAL COOPERATION: IT IS NECESSARY TO SECURE INTERSECTORAL COORDINATION OF THE VARIOUS EFFORTS IN THE FIELDS OF HEALTH AND FAMILY PLANNING MEDICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH DRUGS AND PHARMACEUTICALS AGRICULTURE,FOOD WATER SUPPLY, DRAINAGE, HOUSING EDUCATION, SOCIAL WELFARE RURAL DEVELOPMENT

22. MONITORING AND REVIEW OF PROGRESS: IT WOULD BE OF CRUCIAL IMPORTANCE TO MONITOR AND PERIODICALLY REVIEW THE SUCCESS OF THE EFFORTS MADE AND RESULTS ACHIEVED.

23. LIMITATIONS OF NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY 1983 NO DEFINITE PROGRAMME HAS BEEN SUGGESTED FOR PROMOTING COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN HEALTH. THE POLICY IS TOTALLY SILENT ABOUT HEALTH BUDGET. IT DOES NOT GIVE ADEQUATE EMPHASIS TO CERTAIN AREAS SUCH AS ACCIDENT PREVENTION, GERIATRIC CARE AND PREVENTION OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES ; EXAMPLE: OBESITY, CORONARY HEART DISEASE AND DISEASES RELATED TO USE OF TOBACCO, ALCOHOL, ETC.

24. NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY 2002

25. OBJECTIVES TO ACHIEVE AN ACCEPTABLE STANDARD OF GOOD HEALTH AMONGEST THE GENERAL POPULATION OF THE COUNTRY. PRIORITY TO PREVENTIVE AND FIRST LINE CURATIVE INITIATIVE AT PRIMARY LEVEL. FOCUS ON DISEASES THAT ARE CAUSING BURDEN SUCH AS TB, MALARIA, BLINDNESS, HIV/AIDS. EMPHASIS ON RATIONAL USE OF DRUGS.

26. TARGETS YEAR 2005: ERADICATION OF POLIO ERADICATION OF YAWS INCREASE HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SPENDING TO FROM 5% TO 7% YEAR 2007: ACHIEVE ZERO LEVEL GROWTH OF HIV/AIDS

27. YEAR 2010: ELIMINATE KALA-AZAR REDUCTION IN MORTALITY DUE TO MALARIA, OTHER VECTOR BORNE DISEASES AND TB BY 50%. REDUCE PREVALENCE OF BLINDNESS TO 0.5% INCREASE UTILIZATION OF HEALTH FACILITIES TO 75% INCREASE CENTRAL GRANT TO CONSTITUTE ATLEAST 25% OF TOTAL HEALTH SPENDING YEAR 2015: ELIMINATE LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS

28. POLICY PRESCRIPTION NHP 2002 FINANCIAL RESOURCES: INCREASE THE HEALTH SECTOR EXPENDITURE TO 6% OF GDP, WITH 2% OF GDP BEING CONTRIBUTED AS PUBLIC HEALTH INVESTMENT, BY THE YEAR 2010. THE STATE GOVT. WOULD ALSO NEED TO INCREASE THE COMMITMENT TO THE HEALTH SECTOR.

29. DELIVERY OF NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMMES: NHP-2002 ENVISAGES THE GRADUAL CONVERGENCE OF ALL HEALTH PROGRAMMES UNDER A SINGLE FIELD ADMINISTRATION. PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION BE EFFECTED THROUGH AUTONOMOUS BODIES AT STATE AND DISTRICT LEVELS. THE POLICY ALSO HIGHLIGHTS THE NEED FOR DEVELOPING THE CAPACITY WITHIN THE STATE PUBLIC HEALTHY ADMINISTRATION FOR SCIENTIFIC DESIGNING OF PUBLIC HEALTH PROJECTS, SUITED TO THE LOCAL SITUATION.

30. THE STATE OF PUBLIC HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE: THE POLICY ENVISAGES KICK STARTING THE REVIVAL OF THE PRIMARY HEALTH SYSTEM BY PROVIDING SOME ESSENTIAL DRUGS UNDER CENTRAL GOVT. FUNDING THROUGH THE DECENTRALIZED HEALTH SYSTEM. EXTENDING PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES: IT RECOGNIZE THE NEED FOR STATES TO SIMPLIFY THE RECRUITMENT PROCEDURES AND RULES FOR CONTRACT EMPLOYMENT IN ORDER TO PROVIDE TRAINED MEDICAL MANPOWER IN UNDER DERVED AREAS. STATE GOVT. COULD ALSO RIGOROUSLY ENFORCE A MENDATORY 2 YEAR RURAL POSTING BEFORE THE AWRDING OF THE GRADUATE DEGREE.

31. ROLE FOR LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT INSTITUTION: NHP 2002 LAYS GREAT EMPHASIS UPON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMMES THROUGH LOCAL SELF GOVT. INSTITUTIONS. 2. THE POLICY URGES ALL STATE GOVT. TO CONSIDER DECENTRALIZING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROGRAMMES TO SUCH INSTITUTION BY 2005

32. EDUCATION OF HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS: SETTING UP OF MEDICAL GRANTS COMMISSION FOR FUNDING NEW GOVT. MEDICAL AND DENTAL COLLEGES IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY. A NEED BASED SKILL ORIENTED SYLLABUS WITH A MORE SIGNIFICANT COMPONENT OF PRACTICAL TRAINING, WOULD MAKE FRESH DOCTORS USEFUL IMMEDIATELY AFTER GRADUATION.

33. NURSING PERSONNEL: THE POLICY EMPHASIS THE NEED FOR AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE RATIO OF NURSES VIS-À-VIS DOCTORS/BEDS. THE PUBLIC HEALTH DELIVERY CENTRES NEED TO INCREASE THE NUMBER OF NURSING PERSONNEL. ESTABLISH TRAINING COURSES FOR SUPER SPECIALITY NURSES REQUIRED FOR TERTIARY CARE INSTITUTIONS.

34. USE OF GENERIC DRUGS AND VACCINES: THE NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR UNIVERSAL IMMUNIZATION ASSURE OF AN UNINTERRUPTED SUPPLY OF VACCINES AT AN AFFORDABLE PRICE. URBAN HEALTH: SETTING UP OF AN ORGANIZED URBAN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE STRUCTURE. ADOPTION OF APPROPRIATE POPULATION NORMS FOR THE URBAN PUBLIC HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE. THE FUNDING FOR THE URBAN PRIMARY HEALTH SYSTEM WILL BE JOINTLY BORNE BY THE LOCAL SELF GOVT. INSTITUTIONS AND STATE AND CENTRAL GOVT.

35. MENTAL HEALTH: A NETWORK OF DECENTRALIZED MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES FOR AMELIORATING THE MORE COMMON CATEGORIES OF DISORDERS. INFORMATION EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION : NHP 2002 GIVE PRIORITY TO SCHOOL HEALTH PROGRAMMES WHICH AIM AT PREVENTIVE HEALTH EDUCATION ,PROVIDING REGULAR HEALTH CHECK UPS AND PROOTION OF HEALTH SEEKING BEHAVIOUR AMONG CHILDREN.

36. HEALTH RESEARCH: DOMESTIC MEDICAL RESEARCH WOULD BE FOCUSED ON NEW THERAPEUTIC DRUGS AND VACCINES FOR TROPICAL DISEASES, SUCH AS TB AND MALARIA, AS ALSO ON THE SUB TYPES OF HIV/AIDS PREVALENT IN THE COUNTRY. ROLE OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR: POLICY WELCOMES THE PARTICIPATION OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN ALL AREAS OF HEALTH ACTIVITIES –PRIMARY , SECONDARY OR TERTIARY.

37. ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY: NHP-2002 RECOGNIZES THE SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION MADE BY NGO’SAND OTHER INSTITUTIONS OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY IN MAKING AVAILABLE HEALTH SERVICES TO THE COMMUNITY. HEALTH STATISTICS: THE POLICY ENVISAGES THE COMPLETION OF BASELINE ESTIMATES FOR THE INCIDENCE OF THE COMMON DISEASES-TB,MALARIA,BLINDNESS BY 2005.

38. MEDICAL ETHICS: A CONTEMPORARY CODE OF ETHICS BE NOTIFIED AND RIGOROUSLY IMPLEMENTED BY THE MEDICAL COUNCIL OF INDIA. OTHERS: ENFORCEMENT OF QUALITY STANDARDS FOR FOOD AND DRUGS REGULATION OF STANDARDS IN PARAMEDICAL DISCIPLINES ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON THE HEALTH SECTOR

39. BIBLIOGRAPHY BASAVANTHAPPA B.T. “COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING” 2 ND EDITION 2008, PARAS OFFSET PVT. LTD. , NEW DELHI, JAYPEE, Pp 889-94 KISHORE J’S “NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMMES OF INDIA- NATIONAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATIONS RELATED TO HEALTH” 7 TH EDITION , 2007, NEW DELHI, CENTURY PUBLICATION , Pp 50-53 PARK K. “TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIV AND SOCIAL MEDICINE” 19 TH EDITION 2007 , PREMNAGAR, JABALPUR, M/S BANARSIDAS BHANNOT, Pp728-29 PIYUSH GUPT,GHAI O.P.’S “TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE” 2 ND EDITION 2007, NEW DELHI, CBS PUBLISHERS & DISTRIBUTERS, Pp 743_42

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