National health programmes

National health programmes

1. NAT I ONAL HE A LT H & F A MILY WE L FAR E PR O GRA M S

2. NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS

3. INTRODUCTION Now a days India become free, from some disease because several measures have been taken by the National Government to improve the health of people. Prominent among this measures are the national health programmes , which have been launched by the Central Government for the control of communicable diseases, improvement of environmental sanitation , control of population etc.

4. MEASURES FOR EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS

5. Improving the quality of services. Improving the implementation of programs. Arranging appropriate training for the workers to increase their capabilities & skill. Ensuring the supply of required resources for the implementation of program. Increasing the awareness about NHPs through IEC activities. Filling the gap between infrastructure & the health personnel.

6. LIST OF VARIOUS NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS

7. NATIONAL VECTOR BORNE DISEASE CONTROL PROGRAM

8. MISSION STATEMENT Integrated accelerated action towards:- Reducing mortality on account of Malaria, Dengue and JE by half. Elimination of Kala-azar by 2010. Elimination of lymphatic filariasis by year 2015.

9. STRATEGY UNDER NVBDCP Disease management Integrated vector management Supportive interventions Environment management

10. NATIONAL ANTI-MALARIA PROGRAMME (NAMP) 1953- NMCP Objectives- to reduce the morbidity rate of malaria. 1958- NMEP Objectives:- ending transmission of malaria by killing entire vectors & elimination of reservoir of infections. 1999- NAMP

11. NATIONAL FILARIA CONTROL PROGRAMME (NFCP) Launched in 1955. Control measures:- Assessing the extent of problem of filaria. Treating & diagnosed cases with DEC. Controlling the disease through anti-larva & anti-parasite measures in urban areas. IEC activities for community awareness.

12. FILAR I A CONTROLSTR A TEGIES… Morbidity management cases:-

13. KALA –AZAR CONTROL PROGRAM Launched in 1990-91. Goal- to eradicate by 2010. Action:- - reduce no. of vector & the transmission by sprinkling of chemical. early diagnosis & treatment providing health education

14. JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS CONTROL PROGRAM -This Disease caused by small virus spread by mosquitoes - This program was started in 1978.

15. DENGUE FEVER CONTROL PROGRAMME The National Dengue Prevention and Control Program were first initiated by the Department of health (DOH) in 1993.

16. CHIKUNGUNYA CONTROL PROGRAMME Chikungunya is a viral disease. During 2006 there was huge outbreak of Chikungunya in India. There is no specific treatment. Only symptomatic & supportive treatment is provided to patients.

17. Launched in 1955 with the objective to remove leprosy from our country.

18. Control measures :- Dec e ntral i zation and In s titutio n al Development Strengthening Delivery sysem Disability Prevention ,Care and Rehabilitation IEC activities Training of staff of General Health Services India achieved elimination of leprosy in Dec. 2005. Co n t….

19. Launched in 1962. renamed in 1992.

20. Co n t… -NTCP was launched in 1962, with the objective to detect the TB cases & provide domiciliary treatment to TB patients. -In 1992, revised strategy of TB was launched & renamed as RNTCP. WORLD TB DAY:- 24 TH MARCH

21. Co n t… Control measures :- Strengthen Intersectoral coordination and involving Medical colleges IEC activities. Improving laboratory facilities for sputum culture and drug sensitivity Implementation of DOTS –Plus strategy for Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB)

22. NACP Phase- I was launched in 1987 & phase-II in 1999-2001 & phase-III in 2006-2011.

23. AIMS :- -To prevent further transmission of HIV. -To decrease morbidity and mortality. CONTROL MEASURES :- establishment of surveillance centers Identification of high risk groups Clinical management of detected cases Control of STDs & condom programme

24. STD CONTROL PROGRAMME It was Started in 1946.

25. NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR CONTROL OF BLINDNESS 1963- National trachoma control program 1970- national prophylaxis program against blindness 1976- National programme for control of blindness

26. Activities :- Establishing regional institute of ophthalmology Improving level of ophthalmic services Training & appointing ophthalmic units. Vision 2020: RIGHT TO SIGHT School level program

27. NATIONAL NUTRITIONAL PROGRAM Special nutritional program (1970-71)(MNP) Balwadi nutritional program (1970-71) Applied nutritional program (in 1963, it was introduced as a pilot scheme in Odisha. But in 1973, it was extended to all the state of country.) Mid-day meal program (1995)(Tamil Nadu) National nutritional Anemia prophylaxis program (1970)(RCH)

28. NATIONAL IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS CONTROL PROGRAMME(NIDDCP) 1962- national goiter control program. 1992 - NIDDCP. The major components are : Provision of iodized salt Monitoring Surveillance Mass communication

29. NATIONAL CANCER CONTROL PROGRAMME(NCCP) - started as cancer control program in the year 1975-76 & and renamed as NCCP in 1985 & revised in 2004 . OBJECTIVES:- Primary prevention:- health education Secondary prevention:- early detection & diagnosis. Tertiary prevention:- strengthening of the existing institutions for comprehensive therapy including palliative care.

30. NATIONAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROGRAMME - It was initiated in 1954. ACTIVITIES:- Establishing urban developmental fund Encouraging participation low cost techniques Training to personals. 31

31. MINIMUM NEEDS PROGRAMME It was introduced in 1974-78. -The minimum needs are : -Nutrition -Elementary education -Rural water supply -Rural electrification -Rural health -Adult education - Rural road -Rural housing -Environmental improvement of urban slum

32. 20-POINT PROGRAMME -It was initiated in 1975. Objectives:- Eradication of poverty Raising productivity Reducing inequality Removing social and economic disparities Improving quality of life

33. It was launched in 1985.

34. NMHP OBJECTIVES:- Mental health care services to all. Identify the high risks group in community. Activities:- Mass education Follow up of mental patients Guidance and Counseling Awareness programme

35. CHILD SURVIVAL AND SAFE MOTHERHOOD PROGRAMME(CSSM) -launched in 20 Aug 1992. Activities: Co n t r ol o f i n f ecti o n & diseases of reproductive system. S a f e abortion s e r vices , S t erilit y r em o v al services. R e f er r al se r vic e s, G r o w th m oni t ori n g , nutrition education. Control on maternal morbidity & mortality, Family planning services.

36. SURVEILLANCE PROGRAMME FOR COMMUNICABLE DISEASES -It was started in 1997-98. Objectives: To develop skilled manpower. To strengthen surveillance activities for early detection. To strengthen laboratory support. To institute a network of effective communication link between district and state level.

37. NATIONAL DIABETES CONTROL PROGRAMME It was started during 7 th five year program in 1987. Objectives:- Prevention of diabetes through identification of high risk groups. Diagnosis and treatment of diabetes at primary health care centers and district level.

38. NATIONAL DIARRHEAL DISEASES CONTROL PROGRAM This programme was Launched in 1981 .

39. AIR QUALITY MONITORING PROGRAMME it was started in1970. Countries across the globe have unique air quality monitoring regulations to characterize local air pollution.

40. EPI was initiated in India in 1974 against 6 killer diseases. (WHO)

41. Pulse polio

42. UNIVERSAL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMME -EPI was renamed as UIP & started in 1985. Objectives:- Immunization of pregnant women against TT & immunization of children.

43. NATIONAL FAMILY WELFARE SCHEMES It was started in 1977. This programme include: National family welfare programme National population policy National rural health mission Urban family welfare schemes Reproductive and child health progamme

44. NATIONAL FAMILY WELFARE PROGRAMME It was launched in 1951. Objectives Reducing the birth rate To stabilized the population

45. NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY National Population Policy of India was formulated in the year 2000. Objective of the policy is to address the unmet needs for contraception, health care infrastructure, and health personnel, and to provide integrated service delivery for basic reproductive and child health care To reduce TFR & achieve stable population.

46. NATIONAL RURAL HEALTH MISSION It was started in 2005 for a periods of 7yrs(2005-12) to improve rural health care delivery system.

47. URBAN FAMILY WELFARE SCHEMES It was introduced in 1983 , recommendation of Krishnan committee Aims RCH services Preventive services First-aid and referral services Distribution of contraceptives

48. A SCHEMES FOR RESERVATION It was introduced in 1964 in order to provide immediate facilities for tubectomy operations in hospital.

49. It was launched in October 1997.

50. Objectives:- to reduce maternal & child mortality & morbidity with emphasis on rural health care. It was added various services : Reproductive tract infection Janani Suraksha Yojana Rehabilitation of polio victims

51. INTERSECTORAL COORINATION

52. ADVANTAGES OF INTERSECTORAL COORDINATION To provide sustainable basic health service to the community and to integrate these services with other health services provided by other health sectors. Early detection, treatment of patients within the community itself. To promote corporation and mutual understanding among various sectors. To take pressure off the one sector alone. To make the services available to people with early and easy access.

53. NON- GOVERNMEN T AL AGENCIES & ITS ROLES

54. This agencies arose because there was an unmet health need. They are the organizations that are formed by groups of people because of their interest in a particular health concern. These are funded by donations.

55. Voluntary agencies play an important role in research and education, although they may provide a few direct health services. 2 types, i.e. national & international. E.g. TB association associ a tion o f India, of Indian India, FP r e d c r oss society, WHO, UNICEF. VOLUNTARY AGENCIES

56. ROLE OF VOLUNTARY AGENCIES

57. PROFESSIONAL HEALTH ORGANIZATION Professional agencies are made of health professionals who have completed specialized education and have met the standards of registration, licensure for their respective fields. E.g. INC, ANA.

58. ROLE OF PROFESSIONAL AGENCIES Promoting high standards of professional practice for their specific profession, thus improving health of society. Certification of continuing education programme for professional renewal. Lobbying for example INC has a powerful lobby nationally.

59. PHILANTHROPIC FOUNDATIONS These foundation supports community health throughout the world by funding programmes and research on the prevention, control and treatment of many diseases.

60. SERVICE, SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS These play an important role in community health. E.g.:- Rotary clubs, lion clubs. Members enjoy social interactions with people of similar interests in addition to fulfilling the needs of community. Though their specific mission is not health but they make important contribution in that direction by raising money and funding health related problems.

61. CONT… Religious group donated money for mission. It is should be noted that some religious groups have hindered the work of community health workers. Almost every community in the country can provide an example where a religious organization has protected the offering of a school district’s sex education programme.

62. CORPORATE AGENCIES These agencies support health related programme both at and away from the worksite.

63. RECENT TRENDS World’s 1 st malaria vaccine ( mosquirix ) approved after 30yrs of trials. NRHM included some new programs like RMNCH+A, JSSK, Rashtria Kishor Swasthaya Karyakram, Rashtriya Bal Swasthaya Karyakram. India launched massive health campaign ( Filaria Free India/ Hathipaon Mukt Bharat ) to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. A mobile app “TrackTheBite” was launched to track the mosquito infestation in India.

64. REFERENCES Gulani k.k., Community Health Nursing (Principles & Practices), Kumar publishing, 2 nd edition, Pg. 643-750. Basheer Shebeer P, A concise text book of Advance Nursing Practice, EMMESS medical publisher, 1 st edition, pg. 97-101. Park K, Preventive & Social Medicine, Bhanot publisher (2011) 23 rd edition, Pg. 380-420. Gupta MC & Mahajan BK, Preventive & Social Medicine, Jaypee publisher, 4 th edition, Pg. 260-341. www.nhp.gov.in www.nursingppt.in •