National nutritional programs of health and welfare.

This was prepared by Bsc nursing 3rd year student for class presentation.

1. National Nutritional Programs for the Health and Welfare of Children

2. INTRODUCTION Malnutrition is the most important single cause of illness and death globally accounting for 12% of all deaths & 16% of disability. The problem of Malnutrition in India has been recognized since the inception of five years plans and a number of nutritional programs have been introduced for combating it. These programs help in bringing down the morbidity and mortality due to Malnutrition .

3. National Nutritional policy National Nutrition Policy (NNP) has been launched in 1993 by the Government of India under the agensis of the nutrition agriculture, food production, food supply education, information, health care, social justice, rural and urban development, tribal welfare, women and child development & department of Women and Child Development . The strategy of NNP was a multi- sectorial strategy for eradicating malnutrition and to achieve proper nutrition for all. The main approach was taken under NNP is to overcome the problem of nutrition through direct Nutrition interventions for susceptible groups through various development policies.

4. The implementation strategy involves, Nutrition interventions for in particularly vulnerable group who are below 6 yrs., adolescent girls and pregnant and lactating women, getting higher the safety nets . Improve essential food item nutritional quality by Fortification that facilitates of low price nutritious foods. Prevention of micronutrient deficiencies among susceptible groups. Land reforms measures for reducing vulnerabilities of landless and landed poorly. Strengthen health and family welfare programme. Provide basic health and nutrition knowledge, avoid food adulteration.

5. Enhancement in nutrition surveillance and Monitor the progress of nutrition programs, and check all the various aspects of nutrition. Communication of information to people through traditional media. Minimum wage administration to ensure its strict enforcement and timely revision and linking it with price rise through a suitable nutrition formula and provide a special support to women laborer's during her pregnancy. Community participation in generating awareness on various nutrition and health programs. Education and literacy. Improvement in the status of women and Equal compensation for women.

6. Nutritional programs Various policies have been launched by the Indian government to eradicate the nutritional problem Such as, Integrated Child Development Services Scheme Special Nutrition Programme (SNP ) National Nutritional Anemia Prophylaxis Programme National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme National Goiter Control Programme Mid Day meal programme National Deworming Day Applied Nutrition Programme Akshaya Patra Programme Kishori shakthi yojana .

7. AIMS To provide additional nutrients to target groups. To fulfill the gap between food intake and requirement. Beneficiaries Pre-school children School children Pregnant women Lactating mother

8. Integrated Childhood Development Services The Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS) Scheme was launched on October 2nd, 1975 . It was brought for providing supplementary nutrition, immunization and pre-school education to the children is a popular flagship programme of the government. It is one of the world’s largest programs to provide an integrated package of services for the entire development of a child. It is a centrally funded scheme executed by state governments and union territories . Beneficiaries Main beneficiaries of this programme were, C hildren in the age group of 0-6 years Pregnant women and lactating mothers.

9. Objectives Objectives of this programme were as follows , To improve the nutritional and health status of children in the age- group 0-6 years . To lay the foundation for proper psychological, physical and social development of the child. To reduce the incidence of mortality, morbidity, malnutrition and school dropout. To achieve effective coordination of policy and implementation amongst the various departments to promote child development . To enhances the capability of the mother to look after the normal health and nutritional needs of the child through proper nutrition and health education.

10. ICDS Provides Certain Services under their Scheme are as Follows Survice Targeted group Service provided by (i) Supplementary Nutrition Children below 6 years, Pregnant & Lactating Mothers (P&LM) Anganwadi Worker and Anganwadi Helper (Ministry of Women and Child Development ) (ii) Immunization Children below 6 years, Pregnant & Lactating Mothers ANM /Health system, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare iii)Health check-up Children below 6 years, Pregnant & Lactating Mothers ANM/AWW (Health system) (iv) Referral Services Children below 6 years, Pregnant & Lactating Mothers (P&LM AWW/ANM(Health system) v) Pre-School Education Children 3-6 years AWW (vi) Nutrition & Health Education Women (15-45 years) AWW/ANM

11. Vitamin A Prophylaxis Programme The programme was launched in 1970 by the ministry of health and family welfare. It was started with seven states with severe problems later it was extended country . Objectives To reduce the disease and preventing blindness due to Vitamin A deficiency. The main objective of this programme was to decrease the commonness of Vitamin A deficiency from current 0.6% to ≤ 0.5 %. The Main strategy was given to provide health and nutrition education to encourage colostrum's feeding, exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months, the introduction of complementary feeding thereafter and adequate intake of Vitamin A rich foods.

12. Prophylactic Vitamin A as per the following dosage schedule : 1,00,000 IU at 9 months with measles immunisation . 2,00,000 IU at 16-18 months, with DPT booster 2,00,000 IU every 6 months, up to the age of 5 years. Thus a total of 9 mega doses are to be given from 9 months of age up to 5 years. All children those are suffered from xerophthalmia are to be treated at health facilities, given 1 dose of Vitamin A if they have not received it in the previous month .

13. National Nutritional Anaemia Prophylaxis Programme This programme was launched during 5-year plan in 1970 by Ministry of health and family welfare. Recently , the National Nutritional Anaemia Prophylaxis Programme is operated as part of the RCH programme under the revised policy. Objective The prevention of nutritional anaemia in mothers and children. The programme also aimed to include health and nutrition education to improve overall dietary intakes and encourage the use of iron and folic acid rich foods as well as food items that help iron absorption. Beneficiaries The target group has been expanded to include, Infants 6-12 months S chool children 6-10 years and A dolescents 11-18 years of age, clinically found to be anaemic .

14. Prophylactic for anemia deficiency, For infants and children : a liquid formulation having 20 mg elemental iron and 100 ugs folic acid per ml, will be made available. Dosage for various age groups are as follows : Children 6-9 months: 20 mg elemental iron + 100 ug folic acid for 100 days if the child is clinically found to be anaemic . School going children 6-10 years: 30 mg elemental iron + 0.250 mg folic acid for 100 days. Adolescents and adults: 100 mg elemental iron + 0.500 mg folic acid for 100 days, girls are given greater priority in the programme . Pregnant women : one tablet of 100 mg elemental iron + 0.500 mg folic acid prophylactically daily and if clinically anaemic , 2 such tablets to be given daily for 100 days. Lactating mothers and acceptors of family planning: one tablet containing 100 mg elemental iron + 0.500 mg folic acid daily for 100 days.

15. National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme (NIDDCP) Ministry of Health & Family Welfare is the nodal Ministry for implementation of National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme (NIDDCP ). Iodine is an essential micronutrient required daily at 100-150 micrograms for normal human growth and development. Deficiency of iodine can cause physical and mental retardation, abortions, cretinism, stillbirth, deaf- mutism , squint & various types of goitre . National Goitre Control Programme Realizing the magnitude of the problem, the Government of India launched a 100 per cent centrally assisted National Goitre Control Programme (NGCP) in 1962. In August 1992 the National Goitre Control Programme (NGCP) was renamed as National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme. The programme is being implemented in all the States/UTs for entire population.

16. Objectives To check the Iodine Deficiency Disorders in the districts . To supply of iodized salt. To resurveys to assess the impact of iodized salt after every 5 years . To laboratory monitoring of iodized salt and urinary iodine excretion. To awareness programmes for health Education and Publicity. Result: They found that after the years the Total Goiter Rate (TGR) in the entire country is reduced significantly. Production of iodized salt also increased 65.00 lakh MT. The consumption of adequately iodized salt at household level has been increased from 51.1% (as per NFHS III report 2005-06) to 71.1% (as per CES report, 2009.

17. Special Nutrition Program Started in 1970 Operated by Ministry of social welfare. For nutritional benefits -preschool children -pregnant women - lactating mother Activities: Supplementary nutrition for 300 days/per year. Child:300kcal & Protien:10-12gm/day women:500kcal & protiene:25 gm /day 2)Provide health services -supply vitamins A solution. -Iron & folic acid.

18. Mid-Day Meal Programme The Mid-day Meal Scheme first started in Tamilnadu . It is also known as School Lunch Programme. This programme was launched by Ministry of Education in 1961. Aims: The aim of this scheme involves, The provision is free to school-children on all working days. Protecting children from classroom hunger. I ncreasing school enrolment and attendance. Improved socialisation among children belonging to all castes and Addressing malnutrition. Social empowerment through provision of employment to women. R educe school drops outs.

19. Objectives To attract more children for admission to school. Literacy improvement of children. Eating habits & nutrition education. Beneficiaries: Primary school children(6-11) Given for 250days per years are given, Principles for mid-day meal: Meal should be supplement, not a substitute to home diet. Supply 1/3 rd energy & 1/2 of total protien . Cost of meal-reasonable low. Can be prepared easily, with locally available food Menu should be frequently changed. As per the current norms, the primary children are provided with 30-gram pulses, 75-gram vegetables per day.

20. National Deworming Day Launched on February 2015. The National Deworming Day is a single fixed-day approach to treating intestinal worm infections in all children aged 1-19 years, and is held on 10 th February and 10 August each year. Drug administration: Age group 1-2 years:Half tablects of Albendazole 400mg tablects . 2-9 years: Full tablect of Albendozole 400mg tab. I f syrup is supplied, 5ml for 1-2 years on a bi annual basis. 10ml for 2-5 years,on a bi annual basis. Drug administration must be done under supervision by teacher or Anganwadi worker.

21. Conclusion Nutrition education is an important element in an overall Strategy aimed at improving food security and preventing all forms of malnutrition. School from pre-school to secondary are ideal setting for promoting lifelong healthy eating habits and lifestyles.