National population policy

National population policy

1. PRESENTED BY PINKI BARMAN M.SC (n) 1 ST YEAR AIN, GUWAHATI SEMINAR ON NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY

2. INTRODUCTION The overriding objective of economic and social development is to improve the quality of lives that people lead, to enhance their well-being, and to provide them with opportunities and choices to become productive assets in society. On 11 May, 2000 India is projected to have 1 billion (100 crore ) people, i.e. 16 percent of the world's population on 2.4 percent of the globe's land area. If current trends continue, India may overtake China in 2045, to become the most populous country in the world. India's current annual increase in population of 15.5 million is large enough to neutralize efforts to conserve the resource endowment and environment. In 1952, India was the first country in the world to launch a national programme , emphasizing family planning to the extent necessary for reducing birth rates "to stabilize the population at a level consistent with the requirement of national economy .

3. What is population ??? Population -A population is a summation of all the organisms of the same group or species, w A  population  is the number of organisms of the same species that live in a particular geographic area at the same time, with the capability of interbreeding. n the same geographical area , and have the capability of interbreed\\

4. What is policy???? Set of ideas or plans that is used as a basis for decision making Attitude and actions of an organization regarding a particular issue. General statement of understanding which guide decision making.

5. What is population policy???? a deliberate effort by a national government to influence the demographic variables like fertility, mortality , and migration. A set of coordinated laws aimed at reaching some demographic goal.

6. NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY2000 Milestones 1946- Bhore committee report 1952- Family planning programme 1976- Statement of national population policy 1977- Policy statement for family welfare programme. 1983- National Health Policy emphasized need. 1991- National development council appointed a committee.

7. NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY2000 1993- Dr Swaminathan group prepared a draft and discussed by cabinet and then parliament. 1999-Another draft policy was finished and finalised on 19 th November. 15 th February,2000- National Population Policy was adopted.

8. OBJECTIVE Immediate Objectives : • To address the unmet needs for contraception , health care infrastructure and health personnel. • To provide integrated device delivery for basic reproductive and child health care • To strengthen health infrastructure. • To strengthen health personnel.

9. OBJECTIVE The Medium Term : • To bring the TER to replacement levels by 2010, through the vigorous implementation of inter- sectoral operational strategies The Long Term : • To achieve a stable population by 2045 at a level consistent with the requirements of sustainable socio-economic growth and development and environmental protection.

10. SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC GOALS OF NPP Address the unmet needs for basic reproductive and child health services, supplies and infrastructure Make school education up to the age 14 free and compulsory, and reduce drop out at primary and secondary level to below 20% for both boys and girls. Reduce infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 live births Reduce maternal mortality ratio to below 100 per 100,000 live births Achieve universal immunization of children against all vaccine preventable diseases.

11. Promote delayed marriage for girls, not earlier than the age of 18, preferably after 20 years of age. Achieve 80% of institutional deliveries and 100% deliveries by trained persons. Achieve universal access to information/counseling, and services for fertility regulation and contraception with a wide basket of choices. Achieve 100% registration of birth, death and pregnancy. Contain the spread of AIDS and promote greater integration between the management of RTI, STI and the NACO. Prevent and control communicable diseases. Integrate Indian System of Medicine in the provision of RCH services and in reaching out to households. Promote vigorously the small family norm to achieve replacement level of TFR. Bring about convergence in implementation of related social sector programs so that family welfare becomes a people centered program

12. STRATEGIC THEMES 1. Decentralized planning and program implementation. 2. Convergence of service delivery in village levels 3. Empowering women for improved health and nutrition. 4. Child Survival and Child Health 5. Meeting the unmet needs for family welfare services. 6. Greater emphasis for under-served population groups

13. STRATEGIC THEMES 7. Diverse health care providers. 8. Collaboration with and commitments from not- government organizations and the private sector 9. Mainstreaming Indian Systems of Medicine and Homeopathy 10. Contraceptive technology and research on reproductive and child health. 11.Providing both care and support for the older population. 12.Adolescent 13.Information,education, communication 14. Legislation 15. Public Support

14. Promotional and Motivational Measures Panchayats and Zila Parishads will be rewarded and honoured for exemplary performance in universatising the small family norm, achieving reduction in infant mortality and birth rates and promoting literacy with completion of primary schooling . Balika Samridhi Yojana run by the Department of Women and Child Development, to promote survival .and care of the girl child, will continue .A cash incentive of 500 is awarded at the birth of the girl child of birth order 1 or 2. 3. Maternity Benefit Scheme run by the Department of Rural Development will continue.

15. A family welfare-linked health insurance plan will be established. Couple below the proverty line who undergo sterilization with more than two living children would become eligible for health insurance not exceeding Rs 5000. Couples below the poverty line. who marry after an the legal age of marriage, registered marriage to the have their first child after the mother reached age of 21, according the small family norm and the adopt terminal method after birth of the second child, will be rewarded. A revolving fund will be set up for income generation activities by village level self-help group, who provide community level healthcare services.

16. Opening of Creche at rural and urban area. A wider and affordable choice of contraceptives will be made accessible at diverse delivery points with counseling services to enable acceptors to exercise voluntary and informed consent. Facilities for safe abortion will be strengthened and expanded. Products and services will be made affordable through innovative social marketing schemes. Local entrepreneurs a village levels will be provided soft loans and encouraged to run ambulance services to supplement the existing arrangements for referral transportation.

17. Increased vocational training schemes for girls, leading to self-employment, will be encouraged. Strict enforcement of Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1976. Strict enforcement of the Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques Act, 1994. Soft loans to ensure mobility to the ANMs will be increased.

18. NATIONAL COMMISSION ON POPULATION National Commission on Population was formulated on 11th May 2000 and reconstituted on Feb 2005. It presided over by the Prime Minister, will have the Chief Ministers of all states and UTs, and the Central Minister in charge of the Department of Family Welfare and other concerned Central Ministries and Departments, for example Department of Woman and Child Development, Department of Education, Department of Social Justice and Empowerment in the Ministry of HRD, Ministry of Rural Development, Ministry of Environment and Forest, and others as necessary, and reputed demographers, public health professionals, and NGOs as members.

19. AIMS OF NPC To review, monitor and give directions for the implementation of the National Population Policy. To promote synergy between demographic, educational, environmental and developmental programs. To promote inter- sectoral coordination in planning and implementation. First Meeting-23rd July 2005: Survey of all District to identify the weakness in Health Care Delivery System.

20. NATIONAL POPULATION COMMISSION REPORT Sex ratio The report estimates the sex ratio to increase from 943 in 2011 to 957 in 2036. Compared to 2011 the sex ratio in 18 states except Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Gujarat are expected to increase by 2036. Infant Mortality rate India’s infant mortality rate is reported to be 46 in 2010 which is expected to reduce to 30 by the end of the 2031 – 2035. The report propjets the IMR to reduce in all the states of India in 2011 – 2035. Madhya Pradesh has the highest IMR at 58 followed by Uttar Pradesh with 57 in 2011 – 2015. During 2031 -35 the IMR is expected to be in between 30 -40 in Rajasthan, Assam , Odisha , Chattisgarh , MP and UP. Kerala is expected to have the lowest IMR at 9 in 2031 – 35.

21. Fertility Rate Total fertility rate is expected to decline from 2.34 during 2011 – 2015 to 1.73 during 2031 – 35. Bihar and UP have the highest TFR with 3.5 and 3.7 respectively. Population of India The report projects India’s population to increase by 25.7% in 25 years at the rate of 1% annually, i.e. from 121.1 crore to 151.8 crore during 2011 – 36. As per the 2011 census India’s population was 1.21 billion which is estimated to grow by 311 million by 2036

22. Decline in rate of population growth The population growth rate will decline by 8.4% during 2021- 2031. Urban Population The urban population was 31.8% in 2011 which is projected to increase to 38.2% by 2036. Delhi with 98% urban population in 2011 is expected to become 100% urban by 2036. Life expectancy For men, the life expectancy is expected to increase from 66 to 69 and for women, it is expected to increase from 71 to 74. Kerala could become the only Indian state to have life expectancy above 80 for women and 74 for men by 2036.

23. State Population Commission Each state and UT may consider having a State/UT Commission on Population, presided over by the Chief Minister, on the analogy of the National Commission, to likewise oversee and review implementation of the NPP 2000 in the states/UTs.

24. Coordination Cell in the Planning Commission The Planning Commission will have a Coordination Cell for inter- sectoral coordination between Ministries for enhancing performance, particularly in States/ UTS needing special attention on account of adverse demographic and human development indicators.

25. Technology Mission in the Department of Family Welfare To enhance performance, particularly in states with currently below average socio demographic indices that need focused attention, a Technology Mission in the Department of Family Welfare will be established to provide technology support in respect of design and monitoring of projects and programs for reproductive and child health, as well as for IEC campaigns.

26. Implementation of Population Policy 2000 The PP 2000 emphasises on: ( i ) People- centred approach. (ii) Decentralised planning and implementation through panchayats and Nagar palikas . (iii) Integrated package for health, MCH and family planning (iv) Informed choice of contraceptives. (v) Concerns for gender issues. (vi) Focus on undeserved population groups and adolescents. (vii) Community participation with increased participation of men in planned family and parenthood.

27. CONCLUSION