National Security of Pakistan in contemporary wolrd.pptx

Internal Security Threats to Pakistan

1. Internal Security Threats to Pakistan

2. National Security National security is a state or condition where our most cherished values and beliefs, our democratic way of life, our institutions of governance and our unity, welfare and well-being as a nation and people are permanently protected and continuously enhanced.

3. Our national security environment is infused with different important dimensions. Internal threats to our national security make up the first dimension. The growing uncertainties in the regional and global milieu make up the second dimension of our national security environment, even as the threat of external aggression against our country remains on the remote horizon. No doubt, for centuries, national security has been the basic and paramount concern of nation-states.

4. Introduction: Pakistan, ‘land of the pure’ was created as a separate homeland for the Muslims. Since coming into existence as an independent state, Pakistan is facing internal and external threats. The challenges of threats faced are, old as well as new.

5. Challenges to Pakistan’s Internal Security: Religious/Sectarianism Ethnic Refugees Political Instability Terrorism Crime Poverty/Population Inter-provincial Disharmony Water Distribution Pandemic Crisis (Dinge COVID-19)

6. Challenges to Pakistan’s Internal Security: Floods/ Territorial I ntegrity Environmental/ Climate Change Economic Challenges

7. Ethnic: Another danger is the problem of ethnic unrest. Punjab, with almost 60 percent of the population, dominates almost all aspects of national life. Smaller ethnic groups, all of whom have at one time been actively dissident, resent this fact.

8. Refugees: Another cause for concern was the involvement of the refugees in drug trafficking. They had free access to drugs like heroin that they smuggled through the porous borders into Pakistan. This made all these drugs easily accessible to the local society, which, resulted in increase of drug addiction.

9. Poverty / Population: At present, the economic position of the country could be more optimistic. With the proposed growth rate, the problems of meeting the citizens' basic needs will be difficult. The average person living well below the poverty line will be further drawn into the turbulence of economic deprivation and embedded further deep into poverty.

10. Terrorism: • It basically exists in two forms in Pakistan. The religious extremist groups, which have been outlawed and have been involved in sectarian killings or violence fall in this category, whose prime target is not foreign commercial targets but grudges against the government and the second one is supported by external sponsorship.

11. Internally Pakistan should deal with curbing sectarianism as that is posing a lot of terrorist threats to the security. With emphasis on controlling internal threats of terrorism, external the threats should also not be ignored as they act as feeders to the internal threats.

12. Crimes In Pakistan There are many different types of crimes which are following: Crimes Against Persons Crimes Against Morality Organized Crime

13. 1. Crimes Against Persons: • Crimes against persons, also called personal crimes, personal include murder, aggravated assault, rape, and robbery.

14. 2. Crimes Against Morality: Crimes against morality are also called victimless crimes, because there is not any complainant, or victim. Prostitution, illegal gambling, weapon trafficking, drug trafficking, and human trafficking use are all examples of victimless crimes.

15. 3. Organized Crimes: • Organized crime is crime committed by structured groups typically involving the distribution of illegal goods and services to others. Many people think of the Mafia when they think of organized crime, but the term can refer to any group that exercises control over large illegal enterprises (such as land Mafia, Sugar Mafia, Political Mafia, money laundering or even the stock holding).

16. Causes of Crime In Pakistan: Major causes of crimes are illiteracy and unemployment. Lawlessness, fundamentalism, backwardness and double standards prevail in the society of crime. Frustration That’s drawing the parallels between crime and security.

17. In the lesser civilized areas, the people of Pakistan's are suffering from extreme depths of poverty ,which is the foremost reason of crime. Frustration and aggression in our youth due to less security and safety for their future. Contravene of rules and lack of justice also gives birth to crime.

18. Inter- Provincial Disharmony • Baluchistan situation aside, there are other issues which make the interprovincial and federal-provincial irritants another major challenge to reckon (Water issue, NFC award) • The issue of the centre-province relationship has always been one of the most intractable questions of Pakistan politics

19. Pakistan’s smaller provinces resent political exclusion and are unhappy with the inadequate sharing of power and resources within the Country because of varying size, population, development and revenue generation capacity of the provinces

20. Provincial Autonomy: The powers of the provinces may look impressive when one confines oneself to the distribution of legislative powers, but when one examines the administrative and financial aspects of the federal versus provincial authorities; dominance of the former is clearly manifested.

21. There has always been an argument that more autonomy to provinces would be injurious to Pakistan’s integrity and unity, but in fact, the question of centre-province relations has been masking the imperative for the ruling élite to keep a restive Pakistan together.

22. Sindhi Nationalism: A deep-seated antagonism against Punjabis and Mohajirs . In fact, Sindh stands polarized between Sindhis and Mohajirs . Sindhis control the rural areas and smaller towns, while Mohajirs are predominant in the urban Centers predominant in the urban centers

23. Water Distribution • According to Indus Water Basin Treaty of 1960. Punjab was deprived of three out of its five rivers. The Treaty, however, stipulates that River Indus Water would be equitably distributed among the provinces

24. • The present share of water is 40% each for Punjab and Sindh; 11% for NWFP and 9% for Balochistan • With the passage of time none of the provinces is satisfied with its present share, each province wants enhancement of its share

25. Dam Controversy • A project of national importance, KBD (Kalabagh Dam) has become controversial in Pakistani politics. • Given the opposition to KBD, the government has wisely backed down on the project in favor of Bhasha Dam for the sake of national integration.

26. • All the issues have been technically negated by the experts, however, petty vested political interests have disallowed consensus on this project of national importance. Political will has always been found lacking to move forward on the project

27. External Security Threats To Pakistan External Security Threats From India Security Threats From Afghanistan

28. National Security Policy Perspective Pakistan today, stands at crossroads so far national security is concerned. The positive vibe prevailing in the environment despite enormous challenges combined with bipartisan support for pragmatic polices has the potentials for altering the course of the history.

29. Alternately internal divisions, interest based politics and corruption can prevent that from happening. The international security environment indicates significant changes.

30. The transition from unipolarity to multipolarity and Pakistan location in the neighborhood of a global power (China) and emerging regional power (India) which is inimical to former and is aligned with US and West continues to portend challenges and opportunities.

31. The awakening and growing instability in Middle East, and intensification in strategic competition astride the Gulf, can inextricably draw Pakistan into a possible fatalistic strategic competition and conflict.

32. On the domestic front, uncontrolled growth of population, scarcity of, energy and water resources present enormous governance and security challenges.

33. The fragile economy is rebalancing itself yet demands political action appropriate hard decisions to document undocumented economy, enhance tax base and revenue collection and bring in investments to ignite economic growth.

34. The foremost requirement is to articulate a world view based on the principles laid down by Quaid-e-Azam of ‘Peace within and Peace without.’ Political leadership must provide direction and mobilize census for an inclusive politics, ridding the society of violence and appropriate curricular reforms to rebalance the society and future generations.

35. Conclusion: Pakistan is having security challenges from regional, sub-regional entities and even across regional players i.e., India, Afghanistan, the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and the US. The turning point in the internal and external security threat was propelled by the event of 9/11, in which Pakistan was asked either to be with ‘us’ or with ‘the terrorists’ and thus Pakistan became an ally of the US in her war against terrorism.

36. This major shift in our foreign policy made friends opponents and turns the table on Pakistan. Now Pakistan is a security deficit state. And now as the US is planning to withdraw its forces from Afghanistan at the end of 2021 which is biggest challenge for Pakistan’s security because the US’s presence in Afghanistan is interconnected with the stability and national security of Pakistan

37. Furthermore, India, a neighboring country with who we are always in a state of war and enduring rivalry since the inception of Pakistan as its inception was not accepted by them whole heartedly. The reason of this enduring rivalry is also seeded issue of Kashmir which is the mother of all problems.

38. Similarly, the asymmetry in power capabilities, the Indian hegemonic designs and the persisting sense of insecurity also add fuel to fire and in making the relation cool and dry and the irresolution of different issues between these two. Above all COVID-19 has also created an unconducive environment in subcontinent at large. Thus, it can be concluded that internal security issues are directly proportional to the external security issues and vice versa.

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