National Water Supply and Sanitation Programme in India

National Water Supply and Sanitation Programme

1. NATIONAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROGRAMME

2. WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION IN INDIA Drinking water supply and sanitation facilities are very important and crucial for achieving the goal of “HEALTH FOR ALL”. According to WHO, “poor sanitation and inadequate sewage disposal the nation’s biggest public health problems.”

3. Contd.…. Approximately 80-90% of untreated sewage is discharged directly into rivers and streams, the main source water supply in cities. Human faeces remains one of the world’s most dangerous pollutants, spreading microbes that causes typhoid, cholera, diarrheal illness, amoebic dysentery and other virulent disease.

4. STATUS IN INDIA URBAN RURAL TOTAL Improved water source : 96% 84% 88% Improved sanitation : 54% 21% 31%

5. SERVICE QUALITY WATER SUPPLY CONTINUITY According to INDIAN NORMS, access to improved water supply exists if at least 40 liter/ capita / day of safe drinking water are provided within a distance of 1.6km or 100 meter of elevation difference, to be relaxed as per field conditions. There should be at least one pump per 250 persons.

6. SANITATION In 2010, the UN estimated based on India statistics that 626 million people practice open defecation. In June 2012, minister of rural development JAIRAM RAMESH stated India is the words largests “ open air toilet.” Of the 2.5 Billion people in the world that defecate openly, some 665 Million live in India.

7. ENVIRONMENT As of 2003, it was estimated that only 27% of India’s waste water was being treated, with the remainder flowing into rivers, canals, ground water or the sea.

8. RIVER GANGES -INDIA

9. HEALTH IMPACT The lack of adequate sanitation and safe water has significant negative health impacts including diarrhea, chronic diseases, respiratory problems, skin disorders, allergies, headaches and eye infections.

10. RESPONSIBILTY FOR WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION Water supply and sanitation is a state responsibility under the INDIAN CONSTITUTION. State may give the responsibility to the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI) in rural areas. In urban areas, responsibility is given to the municipalities, called Urban Local Bodies (ULB).

11. POLICY AND REGULATION The responsibility for water supply and sanitation at the central and state level is shared by various ministries. At the central level three ministries have responsibilities in the sector.

12. The Ministry Of Drinking Water And Sanitation The Ministry Of Housing And Urban Poverty Alleviation The Ministry Of Urban Development.

13. ROLE OF GOVERNMENT - INDIA 1954 – National Water Supply And Sanitation Programme 1972 – ARWSP (Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme)

14. 1981 – International Drinking Water Supply And Sanitation Programme 2002 – Swajaldhara 2008 – National Urban Sanitation Policy

15. NATIONAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROGRAMME It was initiated in 1954. Objective : To providing safe water supply and adequate drainage facilities for the entire urban and rural population of the country.

16. Targets : 100% urban and rural water supply. 50% urban sanitation. 25% rural sanitation.

17. ARWSP (ACCELERATED RURAL WATER SUPPLY PROGRAMME) In 1972, a special programme known as “ARWSP” was started as supplement to the national water supply and sanitation programme. The central government supports the efforts of the states in identifying problem villages through assistance under ARWSP.

18. A ‘Problem village’ has been defined as one where no source of safe water is available within a distance of 1.6 km / 15 m deep, or where source has excess salinity iron, fluorides & other toxic elements, or where water is exposed to the risk of cholera.

19. INTERNATIONAL DRINKING WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROGRAMME It was launched in 1981 by the government of India. Targets were set on coverage – 100% coverage for water, both urban and rural, 80% for urban sanitation and 25% for rural sanitation.

20. The stipulated norm of water supply is 40 litres of safe drinking water per capita per day. At least one hand pump/ spot source for every 250 persons.

21. Adopt proper environmental practices including disposal of garbage, refuse and waste water. To convert all existing dry latrines into low cost sanitary latrines.

22. SWAJALDHARA It was launched in 25 th dec. 2002. It has certain reform principles which needed to be adhered by the states governments. AIMS To provide safe drinking water in rural areas, with full ownership of the community, building awareness among the village community on the management of drinking water projects, including better hygiene practices and encouraging water conservation practices along with rainwater harvesting.

23. Swajaldhara has two components : Swajaldhara 1 (first dhara) : is for gram panchayat or a group of panchayat (at block / tehsil level). Swajaldhara 2 (second dhara) : has district as the project area.

24. ACTIVITIES Plan , implement , operate , maintain and manage all water supply and sanitation programme. Conversation measures : Rain water harvesting Ground water recharge system

25. NATIONAL URBAN SANITATION POLICY In November 2008 , the government of India launched a National Urban Sanitation policy. GOAL:- The main goal of this policy is creating “ totally sanitized cities” that are - to treat all waste water - to make free from open defecation - to eliminate manual scavenging - to collect and dispose solid waste safety.

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