Nativism and Natural Approach Presentation 2025.pptx

Nativism and Natural Approach

1. Mind is born with ideas, knowledge and capacity. The mind is not a "blank slate" at birth . Learning is natural for human beings. WHAT is INNATISM ?

2. In his Review of Skinner’s book Verbal Behavior, Noam Chomsky objected to theories of B.F. Skinner’s. Chomsky pointed out that imitation and SR-theories (SR= stimulus-response) of learning fail to explain how people come to produce sentences which they never heard before. Why do children often say things that they have never heard before ? Poverty of Stimulus:   the  linguistic input received by young children is insufficient to explain their detailed knowledge of their first language. WHY CHOMSKY CREATED NATIVISM … NATURE NURTURE

3. L anguage  is an innate fundamental part of the human genetic make-up and that  language acquisition  occurs as a natural part of the human experience . Unıversal Grammar is the idea that all human languages share the same fundamental principles. Language learning occurs according to the following steps: HOW language is learned ?

4. L. A. D. Wernicke’s area (comprehension) Broca’s area (production) WHERE is LANGUAGE LEARNED ? f eeds into generates determines

5. WHEN is LANGUAGE LEARNED ? Critical Period Hypothesis As early as possible Birth | Puberty Plasticity

6. WHY NATURAL METHOD APPROACH ? INPUT For Krashen & Terrel , Communication is the primary function of language & only way for acquisition. K. & T. rejected earlier methods which base language learning on grammar. For K. & T. , emphasis was on primacy of meaning. Lexicon is critical in construction and interpretation of meaning.

7. a n empirically grounded theory of second language acquisition by Krashen . ( theory & research based on K.’s 2 nd views of L. Acquisition.) a communicative theory including nativist & humanistic psychology. i ncludes five hypotheses: MONITOR MODEL THEORY

8. ACQUISITION & LEARNING Hypothesis What about mutual process?

9. MONITOR HYPOTHESIS The acquired linguistic system initiates utterances when we communicate in a second language. Conscious learning system can function only as a monitor or editor that checks and repairs the output of the acquired system . Three conditions limit the successful use of the monitor: Why is monitoring an external peripheral and a post-learning process?

10. NATURAL ORDER HYPOTHESIS This hypothesis states that grammatical structures are acquired in a predictable order. Is the order always the same in different contexts?

11. The INPUT HYPOTHESIS Humans acquire language by understanding messages or by receiving comprehensible input . Comprehensible which is slightly beyond current level of learner is needed for acquisition to take place. This hypothesis is not related with conscious learning process. Is it written or oral input? Are there any other aspects of communication accompanying input?

12. The AFFECTIVE FILTER HYPOTHESIS The affective filter hypothesis states how affective factors relate to second-language acquisition process . Motivation Self confidence Anxiety What if the affective filter is really (x3) up because of fear?

13. IMPLICATIONS Steps of Each class TPR Yes / No Either / Or Open Ended Communicative Activities Learners should not be forced to speak; they should be waited until they are ready. If no outcome / utterance is produced by learners for an unexpectedly long time, there should probably be an extensive gap in between the instruction and learner levels.

14. QUESTIONS According to the natural approach, learners are not required to say anything until they feel ready. In this case, how should learners respond without producing utterances? Considering the humanistic apprach and Erikson’s stages, what could be the reason for affective filter to rise in early adolescence ? (My answer) If the learner can’t get the virtue of fidelity and ends up in repudiation, the learner may feel unsafe to include him/herself in instructional activity. Being born Blind or Deaf … If the disability can not be cured, which one is a bigger obstacle for a child’s cognitive development? & Why ? (My answer ) The ability to understand a first-language creates the opportunity to unlock knowledge that a human  is  believed to be able to process innately. What if a newborn baby’s left brain hemisphere is damaged or removed completely/partly? Consider the question from a perspective to evaluate language development.