Natural fibers (plant and Animal fibers )

Natural fibers

1. CONTENTS (a)

[Types of fibres |

[SURGICAL DRESSINGS | |VISCOSE RAYON |

‘SUTURES |

2. Types of fibres |

| Fibers are thread-like materials.
| Plant fibers are those fibers
| which we get from plants.

Fibres which are manufactured in
laboratories and are not directly
‘obtained from any living source are
called artificial fibres.
Examples: Rayon, Nylon, Polyester,
Acrylic and Aramid,

Natural fibres

Artificial fibres

Mineral fibres

The fibres which are obtained
from plants and animals are
known as natural fibre .
Examples of natural fibres are
‘cotton and jute.

The fibres composed of

mineral substance
Example of mineral
fibres are

Asbestos, graphite.glass

3. [ABSORBENT COTTON |

BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:

Trichomes of seeds of cultivated species of Gossypium herbaceum
Family; Malvaceae

GEOGRAPHICAL SOURCE: India, Egypt,china ,U.S.A
Callection:

The capsule of cotton consists contains large number of seeds covered with
trichomes.

The trichomes are separated.

Long trichomes are used in preparation of fabric & short ones are used in
preparation of surgical dressings.

This non-absorbent cotton, when treated with dilute soda solution for 10 to 15
hours at a higher pressure, gets free of fats.

The resulting absorbent cotton is dried, sterilized with gamma radiation.

4. Character:
= White in colour,soft to touch.
Ml Odourless,tasteless.
ME Absorbentcotton sinks in water whereas
nonabsorbent floats on water.
Chemical constituent
Absorbent cotton contain pure form of Cellulose. Cellulose
molecule is made up of glucose residue united by 1,4-beta
glucosidic link
Uses:
u It is used as surgical dressing.
m Used as filtering media.
M it gives mechanical support to absorb blood,pus, protect wound from

bacterial infection a = iia

5. ns.

Biological source:The silk fibre is prepared from the cocoons of
Silk Bombyx mori Linn, commonly called the mulberry silk worm, and

other species of bombyx.

Family:Bombycidae

Sericulture is the process of cultivating silkworms and extracting silk

from them .The sericulture process follows three primary steps.
= Morioul{ure =the cultivation of mulberry leaves.

= Silkworm roaring — promoting the growth of the silkworm.

= Silk recling =the extraction of silk filaments from the silkworm cocoons

Finally, the silk filaments are woven together to form a thread. These threads are often plied

together to form a yarn.

O sl i(i<i<i<‘ ;w’

6. Chemical constituent

Silk mainly consists of
protein known as

fibrion. Fibrion is
Silk is used pharmaceutically

in the preparation of sutures soe sewer water

and on hydrolysis
yields two main amino
acids, glycine and

sieves, and ligaturesPt

alanine.

When flammed it gives
Smell of burnt hairs

7. oO Gr |

Wool |
Synonyms:

Animal Wool, Sheep’s Wool

Biological Source:

Wool consists of the hairs of the fleece of the sheep, Ovis aries Linn.

family Bovideae

Preparation Of Wool:

The hairs are cut from the sheep at appropriate intervals and dirts removed
by beating on a sieve screen. The dirt-free hairs are then thoroughly
cleansed by washing with soap and sodium carbonate. The wool is then
bleached with sulphur dioxide or hydrogen peroxide, thoroughly washed
and dried by hot air on wire netting.

—_ .—. Gi. — 2 ~

8. Wool |

Constituents:

Wool fibres are composed almost entirely of the protein keratin,
which contains C, H, 0, N, and S.

Uses:

m Wool is used to prepare crepe bandages and dressings and as medium
for filtration and staining.

—_ .. > — ~

9. Surgical dresssing

surgical dressing is a common word which includes wide range of materials used alone
or in combination for protections, coverings, absorbents of supports to the

wound Surgical dressing should be easy to handle, sterilizable and free from any loose
threads and fibres.

5 e classified as follows

a. Primary wound dressings

b. Absorbents

c. Bandages

d. Adhesive tapes

e. Protective
Functions of Surgical [
M It prevent infections.

M lt protect to healing wounds.

E it provide mechanical support to tissue.

ssing:

MY "A

10. Sutures

Sutures and ligatures are the same material. Sutures is a thread used to stich
together the edges of various tissue with the help of needle eg skin, muscle,
tendon, etc but when thread is used to seal off blood vessels, vein or artery by
tieing then thread is known as a

ligature.

Sutures are classified into two main groups =
(a)Absorbable Which are absorbed or digested i in tissue or
(b) Non- absorbable body. example vicryl,dexon,catgut |

Which are not absorbed remains in the body
| Ex-silk,cotton,

11. Surgical catgut.
Catgut suture is a type of surgical suture that is naturally
degraded by the body's own proteolytic enzymes. Absorption is

complete by 90 days, and full tensile strength remains for at
least 7 days

Ligature

In surgery or medical procedure, a ligature consists of a piece of
thread tied around an anatomical structure, usually a blood vessel
or another hollow structure to shut it off

D. af aa en ve” > “e

12. >» Ideal properties of suture

They must be
sterile
Should have
Ste Its absorable time
E should be known
strength for E fi
itis avsorable
which they are j
type
used
Should have

finest possible
gauze