Navigation System

Navigation System
GPS
Global Positioning System
Founders of Navigation System
Types Of Navigation System
How does navigation system works?
Global Positioning System
Applications

1. Navigation System Date:

2. Group Members Aamir Sultan Hamza Parvez Muhammad Usman Adnan Walidad Muhammad Waqar

3. The Presentation will explain: Introduction to Navigation System Navigation System in automobiles History Components Working Errors &limitations Applications

4. Introduction &History Presentor:Muhammad Usman

5. Introduction What is a Navigation System? The word Navigation is a combination of two Latin words “navis” means boat and “agire” means guide . Traditionally meant the art or science of moving the ships and other watercraft safely from one place to another. Today word Navigation used in broad sense. Navigation system define as a system providing useful information to determine the position of a boat, car or airplane etc,

6. Navigation System In Automobiles GPS is used in automobiles for Navigation purposes. What is GPS? GPS stands for Global Positioning System. GPS is the first man made Satellite Navigation System.

7. History When GPS started? The GPS project was developed in 1973.  It became fully operational in 1995. Who invented the GPS? GPS was invented by two American engineers Ivan Alexander , Bradford Parkinson and an American scientist Roger L. Easton with the co-operation of US Deptt Of Defense( DoD ). Why did they start GPS? To keep the track of enemies, but later in 1991 they open it for civilians.

8. History Ivan Alexander ( physicist &engineer) Bradford Parkinson (engineer) Roger L.Easton (scientist) Inventors of GPS

9. Components Presentor:Adnan Walidad

10. What are the components of GPS? There are 3 components of GPS. 1)Space Component It includes the satellites and Delta rockets. What Delta rockets do? They launch the satellites. What is a satellite? A GPS satellite is a smaller object in space which is orbiting in its orbits around the earth at a height of 20,200km and with a speed equal to 14,000 km/hour, relative to the Earth .A satellite completes two revolution around earth in one day. Components

11. Components It is operating on solar energy. It sends GPS signals to the earth. What is a GPS signal? A GPS signal is a radio signal sent by the GPS satellite ,the signal travels at speed of light(c=3x10^8 m/s). A GPS signal contains information about the satellite. How many satellites GPS contain? There are 24 satellites currently working in GPS ,but in case of any technical error in any of 24 ,further satellites are launched.

12. Components Delta Rocket (satellite launcher) GPS satellite Arrangement of satellites in space around earth

13. Components What is an Atomic clock? An atomic clock uses the vibrations of an atom to calculate the time .

14. Components Atomic Clocks

15. Components 2)Control component The control component of a GPS includes the stations around the world where the GPS satellites are monitored. These bases include Schriever Air Force Base in Colorado, a station in Hawaii, a station on Ascension Island, another on Kwajalein Island, and one on Diego Garcis Atoll. The control component is responsible for ensuring that the GPS satellites are in working condition and functioning properly.

16. Components Different Locations of Control Stations

17. Components 3)User Component The user component includes the GPS receivers. What is a GPS receiver ? A GPS receiver is a device which receives GPS signal sent by a satellite. A GPS receiver consist of a clock and almanac. What is a GPS receiver clock? A GPS receiver has a clock which measures the time of the signal from satellite to reach the GPS receiver. What is an almanac? An almanac is a set of information. What is the function of almanac? An almanac is just like a diary it tells the position of satellite to the receiver , e.g. the satellite will be above the city A at 9 :30:10 pm and it will be above the city B at 3:10:01 am. So it knows the position of every satellite at any time.

18. Components GPS receivers

19. Working Presentor:Aamir Sultan

20. Working How GPS works ? Distance of receiver from 3 satellites. Location of these 3 satellites. Distance of receiver from these locations.

21. Working How the distance of receiver from satellite is determined? s= vt (m) s=ct (m) where, c=speed of light=3x10^8 (m/s)

22. Working Car with GPS receiver Satellite 1 Distance between satellite and receiver s=x

23. Working How the location of satellite is determined How much above the city ? The GPS satellites are at a distance of 20,200km above the earth .

24. Working Car with GPS receiver Satellite 1 Distance between satellite and receiver s=x 20,200 Km City A

25. Working How distance between GPS receiver and city A is determined? Pythagoras theorem Hyp^2=Perp^2+Base^2

26. Working Car with GPS receiver Satellite 1 Distance between satellite and receiver s=x p=20,200 Km b=? s^2=p^2+b^2 b^2=s^2-p^2 Distance between receiver and city A

27. Working Car with GPS receiver Satellite 1 Distance between satellite and receiver s=x p=20,200 Km b Distance between receiver and city A Other Possibilities

28. Working b

29. Working Satellite 2 c City B

30. Working c

31. Working Map Plot the data on map

32. Working Trilatrelation

33. Working P1 P2

34. Working Still we do not know that whether we are at position P1 or P2. Satellite 3 d City C

35. working d

36. Working P1 P2

37. Working So we are at position P1 on the map

38. Errors & Limitations Presentor:Hamza Parvez

39. Errors &Limitations There are following errors in GPS. Multipath Errors Almanac Errors Errors In GPS Clock What are multipath errors During their traveling from satellite to GPS receiver ,GPS signals can strike with trees, electromagnetic field, buildings etc. After striking these are reflected at a certain angle and thus increases the time to reach the receiver when the time .Producing error in distance.

40. Errors &Limitations How multipath errors are corrected? They are corrected by introducing a stationary receiver at a high altitude. First the GPS signal sent to these stationary satellite and then sent to car GPS signal receiver. This method is called “differential method”.

41. Errors &Limitations What are Almanac Errors? Due to the pull force of sun and moon on the satellites, the position of their orbits are slightly changed . Now ,although the position of their orbits are changed but almanac shows the orignal position .

42. Errors &Limitations How almanac error is corrected? It is corrected by updating the almanac. Who updates the almanac? Almanac is updated by the control department.

43. Errors &Limitations What are the GPS clock Errors? A GPS uses an ordinary quartz clock for measuring time ,which can not measure too small time of a GPS signal from satellite to GPS receiver. How this Error is corrected? The error is corrected by using mathematical equations.

44. Applications Presentor:Muhammad Waqar

45. Applications

46. The End Thanks for your participation.