NCM_103_-_FONP_Nursing_as_a_Profession_Caring_(PPT_Notes)(3).pdf

Nursing as Profession

2. CONCEPT OF NURSING
Common themes in the definition of
NURSING:
•Nursing is caring.
•Nursing is an art.
•Nursing is a science.
•Nursing is client centered.
•Nursing is holistic.
•Nursing is adaptive.
•Nursing is concerned with health
promotion, health maintenance and
health restoration.
•Nursing is a helping profession.

3. Recipients of Nursing
1.Consumer–individual, group of
people or community that uses a
service or commodity.
2.Patient -Latin word –to
suffer /to bear) person waiting
for or undergoing medical
treatment & care.
3.Client –person who engages the
advice or services of another who’s
qualified to provide this service.
They are collaborators in their
care.

4. ROLES & FUNCTIONS OF THE NURSE
1.Caregiver
2.Communicator
3.Teacher
4.Client Advocate
5.Counselor
6.Change Agent
7.Leader
8.Manager
9.Case Manager
10.Research Consumer

5. Module 2 NURSING AS A PROFESSION

6. PROFESSION
An occupation that requires extensive / advanced
knowledge & skills & is an outgrowth of society’s
needs for special services.
An occupation that requires extensive education or
calling that requires special knowledge, skills &
preparation.
Professional–a person who is
conscientious in actions, knowledgeable
about the subject, & responsible to self
& others.

7. CRITERIA OF A PROFESSION
1.Specialized Education
2.Body of Knowledge
3.Service Orientation
4.Ongoing Research
5.Code Ethics
6.Autonomy
7.Professional
Organization

8. Personal Qualities of a Nurse
1)Philosophy of Life
It is concerned with those basic truths that contribute to
personal growth in a systematic fashion & with those
principles that relate to the moral values that shape the
facets of the character.
Theories of nursing can be taught, but not a philosophy
of life or a philosophy of service.

9. Personal Qualities of a Nurse
2)Good personality
It consists of the distinctive individual qualities that
differentiatesone person from the another.
It refers to the impression one makes on others which
will include more than that which meets the eye.
It consists of deeper traits which come from the heart &
which infiltrate the real person if one wishes to exert a
magnetic influence on others.
It is a result of integrating one’s abilities,
desires, impulses, habits, & physical
character into a harmonious whole.

10. Components of Good Personality
1)Personal appearance –includes
posture, grooming, dress and
uniform.
2)Character–the moral values
and beliefs that are used as
guide to personal behavior and
actions.
3)Attitude–a manner of acting,
thinking or feeling that is
indicated by one’s response
toward another person, situation
or experience.
4)Charm–influence the senses or
the mind by some quality or
attraction.

11. Qualities of a Professional Nurse
Has faith in the fundamental values:
Respect for human dignity
Self-sacrifice for common good
Strong sense of responsibility for sharing in the solution of
the problems of society
Has sense of responsibility for understanding those with
whom he/she works with.
Has faith in the reality of spiritual and
aesthetic values and awareness of the
value and the pleasure of self development
through the pursuit of some aesthetic
interests.

12. Qualities of a Professional Nurse
Has the basic knowledge, skills and
attitudes necessary to address the
present problem through the use of
critical thinking
Has skill in using written and spoken
language, both to develop own
thoughts and to communicate them
to others
Appreciates and understands the
importance of good health
Has emotional balance

13. Qualities of a Professional Nurse
Likes hard work and
possesses a capacity for it.
Appreciates high standards
of workmanship.
Accepts and tries to understand people of all sorts,
regardless of race, color and religion.
Knows nursing so thoroughly that every client will
receive excellent care.

14. FIELDS OF NURSING

15. Expanded Career Roles of Nurses:
1.Nurse Practitioner
2.Clinical Nurse Specialist
3.Nurse Anesthetist
4.Nurse Midwife
5.Nurse Research
6.Nurse Administrator
7.Nurse Educator
8.Nurse Entrepreneur
9.Forensic Nurse

16. Module 3 NURSING AS AN ART

17. CARING
Caring
People, relationship and things
matter
It is central to all & enables people
to create meaning in their lives
Sharing deep & genuine concern
about the welfare of another person.
Caring Practice
Involves connection, mutual
recognition and involvement between
the nurse & client.

18. How does a nurse
demonstrate caring?
Given similar situations,
why is a nurse judged to be
“caring” while the other is
said to be “uncaring”?

19. Examples of Caring emerging from nursing
situations:
A client experiencing postoperative pain is given
medication to control her symptoms, & then the
nurse talks quietly & holds her hand for a few
minutes as the pain resolves. The nurse’s presence
itself, provides comfort to the patient.

20. Examples of Caring emerging from nursing
situations:
After the nursing student washes the hair of an
older woman who is immobilized & applies her
make-up, she helps the woman into the wheelchair
to greet her daughter & grandchildren. The woman
is extremely grateful & her sense of dignity was
enhanced by the personal care.

21. Nursing Theories on Caring

22. Leininger
Caringasanurturingbehaviorhasbeenpresent
throughouthistoryandisoneofthemostcritical
factorsinhelpingpeoplemaintainorregain
health.
Caringistheessenceofnursingandthedistinct,
dominantandunifyingfocusofnursing.
Nursesmustunderstanddifferentculturesin
ordertofunctioneffectively.Theyutilizenursing
actionswhichareculturallycongruent–
preservation,accommodation&repatterning.

23. Theory of Bureaucratic Caring (Ray)
Caring in organizations as cultures. Caring in
nursing is contextual and is influenced by the
organizational structure.

24. Caring, the Human Mode of Being
(Roach)
Caringasaphilosophicalconceptand
proposesthatcaringisthehumanmodeof
being,ofthe“mostcommon,authentic
criterionofhumanness.”
Allpersonsarecaring,anddeveloptheir
caringabilitiesbybeingtruetoself,
beingrealandbeingwhotheytrulyare.

25. Nursing as Caring ( Boykin and
Schoenhofer)
The purpose of the discipline and profession of
nursing is to know persons and nurture them as
persons living and caring and growing in caring.
Respect for persons as caring individuals and
respect for what matters to them.
Caring is a lifetime process, lived moment to
moment by the nurse and constantly unfolding.

26. Watson
Caring as the essence and moral ideal of
nursing.
Human care is the basis nursing’s role in society.
There is transpersonal human caring, a human
connection wherein the nurse enters into the
experience of the client and vice versa. It gains
self-knowledge & keeps alive his or her
common humanity & avoids reducing the other
to an object.

27. Theory of Caring (Swanson)
Caringasnurturingwayofrelatingtoa
valuedother,towardwhomonefeelsa
personalsenseofcommitmentand
responsibility.
Described the caring processes which provided
guidance for nurses when caring for pregnant &
postpartum women. These are knowing, being with,
doing for, enabling & maintaining belief.

28. Processes of Caring
Process of Caring Subdimensions
1.Knowing –striving to
understand an event as
it has meaning in the
lifeof others.
Avoidingassumptions
Caring on the one cared for
Assessing thoroughly
Seeing cues
Engaging the self of both
2.Being with –being
emotionally present to
the other.
Being there
Conveying ability
Sharingfeelings
Not burdening

29. Processes of Caring
Process of Caring Subdimensions
3.Doingfor –doing for
the other as she or he
would do for the self if
it were at all possible.
Comforting
Anticipating
Performing competently /
skillfully
Protecting
Preserving dignity
4.Enabling–facilitating
the other’s passage
through life transitions
(e.g. birth, death) &
unfamiliar events.
Informing/ explaining
Supporting / allowing
Focusing
Generating alternatives /
thinking it through
Validating / giving feedback

30. Processes of Caring
Process of Caring Subdimensions
5.Maintainingbeliefs –
sustaining faith in the
other’s capacity to get
through an event or
transition & face a
future with meaning.
Believing in / holding in
esteem
Maintaining a hope-filled
attitude
Offering realistic optimism
Going the distance

31. The Primacy of Caring (Benner and
Wrubel)
Caringistheessenceofexcellencein
nursing.
Caringpracticerequiresattendingtothe
particularclientovertime,determining
whatmattertothepersonandusingthis
knowledgeinclinicaljudgement.

34. Awareness of one’s relationship to others, sharing
their joys, sorrows, pain and accomplishments.
Participation in the experience of another.

35. Having the knowledge, judgment, skills, energy,
experience and motivation to respond adequately to
others within the demands of professional
responsibilities.

36. The quality that fosters trusting relationships.
Comfort with self, client and family.

37. Morals,ethics,andaninformedsenseofright
andwrong.Awarenessofpersonalresponsibility.

38. Convergencebetweenone’sdesiresand
obligationsandthedeliberatechoicetoactin
accordancewiththem.

39. Appropriatebearing,demeanor,dressand
language,thatareinharmonywithacaring
presence.Presentingoneselfassomeonewho
respectsothersanddemandsrespect.

40. Caring for Self and Others
Caring for Self –helping oneself grow and
actualize one’s possibilities.
Self Care –responding to one’s own needs to grow,
is the opposite of self-complacency that often
accompanies egocentricity.

41. Self Care Activities
1.A balanced diet
2.Regular exercise
3.Adequate rest and sleep
4.Recreational activities
5.Meditation and prayer

42. A Healthy Lifestyle
Nutrition
Activity and Exercise
Recreation
Avoiding unhealthy patterns –negative thinking,
destructive lifestyle choices like smoking, abuse of
alcohol or drugs and misusing medications.

43. Mind-Body Therapy
Guided imagery
Meditation
Storytelling
Music Therapy
Yoga

44. REFLECTIVE PRACTICE
Critical thinking, self-analysis and reflection are
required in order to learn from one’s experience.
A student develops as a practitioner by thinking
about how values and standards guide practical
experience.
Reflection–is thinking from a critical point of view,
analyzing why one acted in a certain way, and
assessing the results of one’s actions. To develop
oneself as a caring practitioner, reflection on
practice must be personal and meaningful.

45. REFLECTIVE PRACTICE
It is a method of self-examination that involves
thinking back over what happened in a nursing
situation. It involves the whole person, including
one’s emotions.
It includes becoming aware of how one feels about
oneself and recognizing how one thinks and acts.
It requires discipline, action, openness, and trust.
A form of self-evaluation.