neck_contracture.pptx

Neck contracture

1. PBC NECK MANAGEMENT Dr. Tanvi Vyas

2. PROBLE M S ASSOCI A TED WI T H PBC NECK Grossly restricted neck movements Patients are likely to be malnourished , anemic and hypoproteinemic Possibility of restricted mouth opening and narrowed nasal passages. Difficult laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation Compromised airway Psychiatric tendencies in patients and possible drug interactions in anaesthesia Poor oral hygeine in patients

3. RELE V ANT ASPECTS I N HISTORY Duration of contractures History of convulsions Difficulty in breathing and swallowing H/O motion sickness H/O snoring H/O epistaxis and bleeding from oral cavity H/O psychiatric problems H/O acid peptic disease and reflux

4. RELEVANT EXAMINATION OF PATIENT Nature of contracture soft firm(hard) Location of contracture Duration of contracture Extent of contracture ( sterno cleido mastoid involved?) Is mouth opening restricted ? Can the mandible be moved up and down Are the nasal passages patent ? Is the patient dyspneic, can he lie down comfortably ? Can he blow air through mouth and nose

5. INV E ST I G A TIONS SUR G ICAL P ROFIL E : Complete blood picture Blood Grouping Random blood sugar Urea and Creatinine Serum electrolytes X-Ray chest –PA view ECG – 12 lead HbsAg ,HIV , HCV THYROID PROFILE

6. PREPARATION OF THE PATIENT Improve oral hygeine Correct anemia and hypoproteinemia H2 receptor antagonists, prokinetics Anti emetics Aggressive treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract infections

7. PRE- MEDICATION GUIDELINES Avoid heavy sedation . Preserve respiration – drugs that depress respiration viz. narcotics are better avoided till airway is secured I.M. glycopyrolate / atropine is better than I.V. premedication. Continue H2 receptor blockers and antiemetics Consider pre-op nasal decongestants – they help you in putting a naso-pharyngeal airway

8. PRE MEDICATION (Cont..) Use topical viscous anaesthesia for oral cavity and pharynx before induction of anaesthesia - it helps in improving quality of anaesthesia Consider superior laryngeal nerve block if hyoid and upper margin of thryiod cartilage are visible.- it reduces incidence of laryngospasm during anaesthesia

9. Fix E.T tubes always to the maxilla . Fixing them to mandible can soak them and soil them with blood and secretions from the operative field and can also interfere with field of surgery . Use narcotics like fentanyl etc ., only after securing access to trachea. N.S.AIDS are very useful for post op analgesia .Hence use them. Avoid narcotics , tramadol and metronidazole in patients with migraine and motion sickness.

10. TREATMENT FOR CONTRACTURE RELEASE OF CONTRACTURE SURGICALLY AND USE OF SKIN GRAFT OR “Z” PLASTY OR DIFFERENT FLAPS. DIFFERENT FLAPS USED ARE— TRANSPOSITION FLAPS, VERTICAL OR TRANSVERSE; LATERALLY BASED FLAP; BILOBED FLAP; BIPEDICLED FLAP; ADVANCEMENT FLAP;

11. REGIONAL FLAP; RANDOM CUTANEOUS FL AP ( EPAULETTE FL AP, CHARRETERA FLAP ); FASCIOCUTANEOUS/ MYOCUTANEOUS FLAP; TUBE FLAP; EXPANDED SKIN FLAP; COMBINED SKIN GRAFT AND FLAP; MICROVASCULAR FREE FLAP.

12. PROPER PHYSIOTHERAPY AND REHABILITATION IS ESSENTIAL. PRESSURE GARMENTS TO PREVENT HYPERTROPHIC SCARS. MANAGEMENT OF ITCHING IN THE SCAR USING ALOEVERA, ANTIHISTAMINES AND MOISTURIZING CREAMS.

13. PROBLEMS IN MANAGING BURN CONTRACTURE GIVING PROPER ANAESTHESIA IS CHALLENGING NEED FOR REPEATED SURGERIES AS STAGED ONE. MAINTAINING THE POSITION WITH SKELETAL TRACTION, FIXATION, B COLLAR, POP CAST, ETC. PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS AND NEEDS COUNSELLING. PROLONGED HOSPITAL STAY, COST FACTORS .

14. PREVENTION OF DEVELOPMENT OF CONTRACTURE JOINT EXERCISE IN FULL RANGE DURING RECOVERY PERIOD OF BURNS PRESSURE GARMENTS FOR A LONG PERIOD TOPICAL SILICON SHEETING SALINE EXPANDERS FOR SCARS

15. NECK BURNS Burn types Expected De f o r m i t y Position HOW to Maintain? Anterior or C i r cu m f e r en t i al burns Flexion Con t r ac t u r e Extension/ H y per e x t ension - Towel under shoulders or between scapulae - Foam cervical collar As y mm e t r i cal neck burn Lat. Fl. Towards burned side Mid line Or rotated away - -Towel roll, sand bag, wedges on affected side. - Prone lying head rotated opposite side. Head burns that include the ear Folding of the Helix and condritis Avoid any pressure over the ear - Foam or gel filled bag is used to elevate the ear from the bed. Posterior neck burns- Ear not involved H y pe r e x t e ns i on of the neck Head in midline - Pillows are used to elevate the head and lengthen posterior tissues.

16. PRECAUTIONS IN THE POST-OP PERIOD Extubate only when sure . Watch for airway obstruction . Observe resp. pattern . Use nasopharyngeal /oral airway if needed. Anti-emetics to be continued post-op

17. THANK YOU