Neck muscles

This presentation is about most of muscles in human neck and their function

1. By Hossein Khorrami P h d DOMP Neck Muscles [email protected] http://www.scribd.com/khorrami4

2. Neck Bones

3. Joints Atlanto -occipital joint Allow head to nod up/down Atlanto -axial joint Allow head rotate on the axis side to side

4. Cervical Rib Less than 1%

5. Neck Muscles

6. Neck Muscles

7. Splenius Capitis Origin: C3-T3 Insertion: Occipital bone Mastoid process Function Head & neck extension Lat flexion Same side head rotation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=unDACOZpBpI

8. Splenius Cervicis Origin: Spinous process of T3-T6 Insertion: Transvers process of C1-C3 Function Head & neck extension & hyperextension Lat flexion Same side head rotation

9. Semispinalis Capitis Origin Articular process of C4-C6 Transverse process of C7-T6 Insertion Occepital bone Function Ext & hyperext of the head and neck Head & neck rotation to the opposite side

10. Semispinalis Cervicis Origin Transverse process of T1-T6 Insertion Spinous process C2-C5 Function Ext of the head and neck Head & neck rotation to the opposite side Laterally flex neck

11. Semispinalis Capitis Origin Articular process of C4-C6 Transverse process of C7-T6 Insertion Occepital bone Function Ext & hyperext of the head and neck Head & neck rotation to the opposite side

12. Semispinalis Cervicis Origin Transverse process of T1-T6 Insertion Spinous process C2-C5 Function Ext of the head and neck Head & neck rotation to the opposite side Laterally flex neck

13. Semispinalis Thoracis Origin Transverse process of T6-T10/12 Insertion Spinous process C6-C7 & T1-T4 Function Ext of the neck thoracic vertebrae Neck & thoracic rotation to the opposite side Laterally flex neck & thoracic vertebrae

14. Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Origin Posterior tubercle of atlas (C1) Insertion Occipital bone Function Head extension Control infolding movement of dura Proprioception

15. Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Origin Spinous process of axis(C2) Insertion Occipital bone Function Head extension Head rotation to the same side

16. Obliquus Capitis Superior Origin Transverse process of atlas(C1) Insertion Occipital bone Function Head extension Head rotation to the same side Lateral head flexion, same side

17. Obliquus Capitis Inferior Origin Spinous process of axis(C2) Insertion Transverse process of atlas(C1) Function Head rotation to the same side

18. Neck Muscles Sterno - Cleido -Mastoid: flexion, side flexion, opposite rotation Splenius: extension Scalene: thorax elevation Levator scapulae

19. Neck Movements Movement Muscle Flexion R+L SCM(ant fibers) Extension Splenius cervicus & capitis + semispinalis+trapezius+SCM (post fibers) Side flexion, R & L SCM Rotation, R & L SCM+ splenius+trapezius Stabilization Trapezius & all other muscles

20. Neck & Shoulder, Levator Scapulae Neck stabilize

21. T rapezius muscle Origin Occipital bone Spinous process of C7-T12 Insertion Lateral clavicle Acromion Spine of scapula Innervation C3-C4 & XI( accessory nerve)

22. Trapezius, functions Elevation of scapula Retraction(adduct) scapula Upwardly rotate scapula Depress scapula Neck extension

23. Vertebral Pain Disc problem Treatment choice: LASER + Traction ultrasound Isometric exercises Facet joint problem Disc problem+ Facet Joint: 99% of all back pains

24. Neck Injuries Arthritis MVA, whiplash Bone spurs Cervical spondylosis Osteoporosis Pinched nerves Spinal stenosis

25. Symptoms Of Neck Pain Headaches Numbness, weakness, in neck, arm, hands or fingers Pain in neck, shoulder, arms or hands Reduced ROM in neck Walking problem, spastic gait

26. RA Symptoms Pain, Morning stiffness Swelling Decreased ROM Increase pain with ADLs(tying shoes, opening jar, buttoning shirt…) Fatigue Occasional fever Decrease ability to grasp Activities of Daily Living(ADL)

27. Head Forward Posture Headache Irritation of upper cervical facet joint Tight levator scapula Rounded shoulder+head forward

28. Head Forward, Exercises chin tuck Standing Supine Prone Hold 5sec, 5times/ hr Shoulder retraction, using theraband strengthening of sup. Trap & ser. ant

29. Facet Joint pain( Spinal Osteoarthritis) Joint structures that connect the vertebrae to one another

30. Facet Joint, Causes Cartilage in the joints Arthritis of the spine Work Over-use Accident Spondylolithesis

31. Degenerative Joint Disease(DJD) Both side facet joint problem Mostly happens in elder people Osteo -Arthritis history Treatment: Chin tuck Isometric exercises

32. Whiplash Neck pain following an injury to the soft tissue of the neck, such as ligaments, tendons & muscles Usually caused by MVA or a sudden motion of the neck beyond normal ROM

33. Sprain & Whiplash In Neck, symptoms Neck pain, referred pain to upper trapezius & deltoid Neck stiffness Ringing in ear Dizziness Blurred vision Concentration or memory problems Irritability Difficulty in swallowing Sleeplessness Tiredness Fatigue or weakness Nausea Vertigo

34. Whiplash Treatment First 2 wks : RICE Active ROM but pain free Collar After 2 nd wk : Active assistive pain free ROM Pain free isometric exercises Scapula movement active pain free After 6 wk : Stretching exercises pain free Chin tuck Gentle strengthening exercise After 4mnth: Isometric exercise Strengthening exercise

35. Neck Rotations Sit with head facing forward. Keeping back straight, slowly turn head to the right until pain, stiffness, or end of motion occurs. Do not go past the point of pain Now slowly turn the head to the left Do 1-3 sets of 10 repetitions Attempt to go further with each repetition as your pain and motion improve Do not let head tilt or chin drop while rotating the head Do exercise in supine and prone positions

36. Neck Exercises Chin tuck Sideward isometric strengthening Forward isometric strengthening Backward isometric strengthening Stretching exercises

37. Neck stretch Stretch your neck with pulling head to the hand’s side Hold for 15sec Do it for both sides

38. Neck stretch Pull down your head using both hands, GENTLY Hold for 15sec

39. Chin Tucks Sit with head facing forward. Place your index finger and middle finger on the chin and guide head into a “double chin” position The motion should be directed straight back and should be continued to look straight ahead Hold this position for up to 10 seconds Do 1-3 sets of 10 repetitions Do not let head tilt up or down during the exercise

40. Vertebral bones Cervical, 7 Thoracic, 12 Lumbar, 5 Sacral, 5 fused Coccygeal, 4 fused

41. Four facet joints on each vertebrae

42. Thoracic Back Pain Causes Soft tissue Poor posture, back pack Prolonged sitting at a computer Overuse injuries