Needle stick injury

compiled By: Mr. Roy Ashish

1. NEEDLE STICK INJURY Compiled By- Mr. Ashish Roy B.Sc Nursing (NURSING TUTOR) Savitri Hospital & Paramedical Institute,Gorakhpur .

2. Learning Objectives At the end of the class, the group will be able to: To introduce needle stick injury. To enlist the workers who are on risk for needle stick injury. To enlist areas of sharp injuries. To enlist devices of needle stick injury. To describe when do sharp injuries occurs. To explain factors that influence risk for acquiring viral infections. To discuss nurse’s role in reducing risk of sharp injuries. To demonstrate how to reduce needle stick injuries. To explain how to manage needle stick injury

3. What Is Needle Stick Injury? The NEEDLE STICK INJURY is a percutaneous piercing wound typically set by a needle point, but possibly also by other sharp instruments or objects. It is mainly considered dangerous in medical care settings.

4. Workers who are at risk for blood borne infection due to NSI…. Health care workers with frequent blood exposures are:- Nursing staffs, Nursing students, Interns and Medical students, Labour and delivery room personnel, Laboratory technicians, Physicians, Surgeons, Emergency Care Providers, Dentists, Health facility cleaning staff and clinical waste handlers .

5. Where do sharp injuries occurs…. Patient Room- 39% (IPDs : medical, ICUs, etc ) Operating Room- 27% OPDs- 8% Emergency Room- 8% Laboratory-5% Others-13%

6. What devices are involved in sharp injuries or NSI… Six devices are mainly account for 80% of all injuries:- Disposable Syringes- 30% Suture Needles- 20% Winged-Steel Needles- 10% Intravenous Catheter Stylets - 5% Phlebotomy Needles- 3% Scalpels- 8% Ampoules- 2%

7. When do sharp injuries occurs…. The majority of NSI occurs when health care workers are: Dispose of needles, Administer Injections, Draws Blood, Recapping needles (25-30%), Handle trash and dirty linens, etc.

8. When do NSI happens?

9. Factors that influence risk for acquiring hiv and other infections…. Type and efficacy of exposure Depth of injury Size and type of Needle Amount of blood HIV and other infection status of source Amount of virus present in the contaminated fluid

10. What are the chances… HIV infected blood - 0.3% Hepatitis B virus - 30% Hepatitis C virus - 10%

11. How are used needle disposed…. Needles destroyer/ Burner/ Cutter Disposal of sharps into the appropriate bins(Sharp proof containers white coloured bins as per BMW)

12. Nurses role: In reduce risk of sharp injuries Do’s Don’ts Use needle cutter/destroyer Handle , Empty, or transfer used sharps between containers. Separate sharps from other waste Do not recap sharps before disposal Use rigid, puncture proof disposal bins Empty sharps containers when they are ¾ full.

13. How to reduce NSI… Avoid use of needles where safe and effective alternatives are available. Avoid recapping of the needles in wrong manner. During handling of needles one should be very careful and it should be promptly disposed of only in sharp disposal containers. Take three doses of hepatitis B vaccine. It gives you life long protection Take Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) in the event of any occupational exposure.

14. Management of needle stick injury… Do not panic or put finger in mouth or squeeze the wound to bleed it. Immediately wash the wound and surrounding skin with soap and water, and rinse it. Do not scrub or use bleach, chlorine, alcohol, betadine , iodine, antiseptics/detergents or any antibiotics on the wound. If eyes are involved wash immediately with water (use tap water). If mouth is contaminated rinse with plenty of water. When massive contamination of unbroken skin is occurred , remove all contaminated clothing and wash all affected areas with plenty of water.

15. Cont.… Ensure that your supervisor or immediate senior is informed promptly of the incident. Staff Clinic/Emergency Department/Infectious Disease Physician to be notified. Testing the source patient thoroughly and examine all the measures which are needed for the further action for the victim.

16. Conclusion Needle stick injuries represent an omnipresent occupational hazard that people working in a hospital face daily. It may not be practically feasible to avoid their occurrence altogether. But undoubtedly, their occurrence can be minimized to a larger extent. Prevention of NSI is the best way to present several diseases in health care workers. It is recommended that every hospital should develop a multi-pronged strategy to deal with NSI.

17. ALWAYS HANDLE SHARPS WITH CARE Have A SAFE day! Thank you!!!