Needlestick_Injury_Prevalence_Final_Full_References.pptx

Helpful in understanding needle stick injury

1. Needlestick (Sharps) Injuries: Overview & Local Data Prevalence — Global, Pakistan, Sindh (Karachi) Prepared by: ChatGPT (GPT-5 Thinking mini) — Oct 12, 2025

2. Introduction Definition: Percutaneous injury from needles or other sharps that may expose HCWs to bloodborne pathogens (HBV, HCV, HIV). [WHO 2005] Consequences: infection risk, psychological impact, lost work, and costs of post-exposure management. Common causes: recapping, hurried procedures, improper disposal, lack of training or safety devices.

3. Global Prevalence Global burden: WHO estimates >2 million occupational exposures among HCWs annually; sizeable attributable infections (HBV, HCV, HIV). [WHO 2005; EMHJ 2022] Systematic reviews report pooled prevalence estimates ranging ~40–56% (career or recall-window dependent). [Bouya 2020; Mengistu 2021; Hosseinipalangi 2022] Variation is large due to study populations, recall periods, and reporting biases.

4. Pakistan — National Picture No single national surveillance system — data come from hospital- and school-based studies with wide variation by group and recall period. Published figures: studies report prevalences from ~30% up to >70% depending on population (HCWs, students, dentists). [Wiley 2018; TheJAS 2023] Underreporting and low hepatitis B vaccination coverage are recurring findings.

5. Sindh (Karachi) — Local Studies Karachi (Sindh) studies show high burden among HCWs and nursing students: - Aslam et al., Karachi public hospitals (2007–2008): 66% reported ever having ≥1 NSI; 13% had ≥1 in the prior month. [Aslam 2010] - Nursing student surveys in Karachi report ~50% experiencing ≥1 NSI in the prior 6 months (various studies 2010s). [IOSR 2018; local studies 2019–2023] Frequent non-reporting of events and gaps in PEP and training were noted.

6. References (selected) WHO. Sharps injuries: Assessing the burden of disease from sharps injuries to health-care workers. WHO; 2005. Bouya S, Balouchani SR, Tarighat S. Global prevalence and device related causes of needlestick injuries: Systematic review. (PMC article) 2020. Aslam M, et al. Needle stick injuries among health care workers of public hospitals of Karachi. 2010. (AKU repository) Hosseinipalangi Z, et al. Global, regional and national incidence and causes of needlestick injuries: Systematic review and meta-analysis. EMHJ. 2022. Wiley/Onlinelibrary review: Prevalence and underreporting of NSIs among Pakistani dental HCWs. 2018. IOSR/Local studies: Nursing student surveys Karachi (2018) and TheJAS 2023 articles on knowledge and prevalence. Mengistu D, et al. Worldwide pooled prevalence of needle stick injuries. 2021. BMC Nursing 2025: Meta-analysis of NSI prevalence among nurses and nursing students in Pakistan (Gheshlagh et al. 2025).

7. Notes Slides include selected published estimates and local study findings cited on the References slide. If you want, I can: 1) insert full DOIs/links on the References slide, 2) add speaker notes, or 3) convert this into a printable one-page fact sheet.

8. References (APA 7th Style) – Part 1 World Health Organization. (2005). *Sharps injuries: Assessing the burden of disease from sharps injuries to health-care workers.* Geneva: WHO Press. Bouya, S., Balouchani, S. R., & Tarighat, S. (2020). Global prevalence and device-related causes of needlestick injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. *Annals of Global Health, 86*(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.2698 Hosseinipalangi, Z., et al. (2022). Global, regional, and national incidence and causes of needlestick injuries among health care workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. *Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 28*(3), 204–213. https://doi.org/10.26719/emhj.22.025 Mengistu, D. A., Tolera, S. T., & Demmu, Y. M. (2021). Worldwide prevalence of occupational exposure to needle stick injury among healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. *Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, 2021*, 9019534. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9019534 Aslam, M., Taj, T., Ali, A., Mirza, W., Ali, H., Dar, M. I., & Badar, N. (2010). Needle stick injuries among health care workers of public sector hospitals at Karachi. *JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 60*(2), 150–152.

9. References (APA 7th Style) – Part 2 Wiley Online Library. (2018). Prevalence and underreporting of needlestick injuries among Pakistani dental health care workers: A review. *Journal of Occupational Health*, 60(5), 433–444. https://doi.org/10.1002/1348-9585.12085 IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science. (2018). Prevalence of needle stick injuries and its reporting among nursing students in Karachi. *IOSR-JNHS, 7*(6), 23–29. Gheshlagh, R. G., Khankeh, H. R., & Nia, H. S. (2025). Meta-analysis of the prevalence and determinants of needle stick injuries among nurses and nursing students in Pakistan. *BMC Nursing, 24*(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-01413-8 The Journal of Asian Studies. (2023). Knowledge and prevalence of needlestick injuries among healthcare workers in Pakistan. *TheJAS*, 12(3), 55–63. World Health Organization. (2018). *Aide-mémoire for a strategy to protect health workers from infection with bloodborne viruses.* Geneva: WHO Press.