Nelson Mandela New PPT 2023 By Surbhi Saran.pptx

This PPT is made by me to help and guide the students and teachers. he information was collected from various resources.

1. FIRST FLIGHT Chapter-2 NELSON MANDELA- A LONG WALK TO FREEDOM by- Nelson R. Mandela By Surbhi Saran

2. Inauguration- 10th of May 1994 Apartheid- Can you say which of the three countries below had such a political system until recently? ( i ) United States of America (ii) South Africa (iii) Australia • Have you heard of Nelson Mandela? Mandela, and his African National Congress, spent a lifetime fighting against apartheid. Mandela had to spend 27 years in prison. Finally, democratic elections were held in South Africa in 1994, and Mandela became the first black President of a new nation.

3. INDIAN FREEDOM STRUGGLE

4. M. K. Gandhi In April 1893, Gandhi left India and set sail for South Africa to practice law, spending the next 21 years there. His experiences during this time helped him develop his political and ethical views. It was in South Africa that Gandhi developed his principles and strategies for nonviolent action for social change. The main principles were the pursuit of truth, the use of loving means, and self-sacrifice. 

5. Introduction Mandela was born on July 18, 1918, in a tiny village in, South Africa.  He was a social rights activist, politician, and philanthropist who became South Africa’s first black president from 1994 to 1999. In 1993, Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to dismantle the country's apartheid system.  Long Walk to Freedom is an autobiography written by South African President Nelson Mandela, and first published in 1994. The book profiles his early life, coming of age, education, and 27 years in prison (beginning in 1962). Under the apartheid government, Mandela was regarded as a terrorist and jailed on the infamous Robben Island for his role as a leader of the then-outlawed African National Congress. He later achieved international recognition for his leadership as president in rebuilding the country’s once-segregated society

6. Apartheid is a political system that separates people according to their race. It was one of the most brutal societies where dark-skinned people were deprived of their basic rights. This lesson gives us an overview of how Nelson Mandela along with others, carved their way to a society where there will be no discrimination based on colour , caste, race, age or gender.

7. Prison Cell In this extract from his autobiography, Long Walk to Freedom, Mandela speaks about a historic occasion, The Inauguration’. Mandela became South Africa’s first Black President after more than three centuries of White rule. Mr Mandela’s African National Congress (ANC) party won 252 of the 400 seats in the first democratic elections of South Africa’s history.

8. 10th May dawned, bright and clear. For the past few days I had been pleasantly besieged by dignitaries and world leaders who were coming to pay their respects before the inauguration. The inauguration would be the largest gathering ever of international leaders on South African soil. Today, all of us do, by our presence here... confer glory and hope to newborn liberty . Out of the experience of an extraordinary human disaster that lasted too long, must be born a society of which all humanity will be proud. It was a morning full of hope. According to Nelson Mandela

9. Main Points He mentions that after great struggle, they have finally achieved political freedom. His government promised to free everyone of the still existing poverty, hardship and inequalities of all kind along with assuring everyone of a country where no community will be considered inferior. He then exclaims that freedom should rule and may god shower his blessings on their land. The author was remembering the days of past when this whole system of apartheid emerged. It resulted in inequality and inferior treatment of dark-skinned people. They were deprived of their basic fundamental rights. As a result, one of the world’s most brutal and inhumane society was born This began even before he was born. This system created an atmosphere of extreme cruelty and injustice for a particular part of the community. Now when he is in his eighth decade as a man, he along with countless others, have changed this entire system that treats humans as humans irrespective of their colour , caste, gender, or age.

10. Research Work Day 1 Research about Nelson Mandela Find out when did apartheid begin in South Africa Prepare a timeline – 1941- 1950 Important things that happened in the world

11. World War-II Nazism, Hitler regime Nuclear bombing- Hiroshima-Nagasaki Apartheid Quit India and Freedom Struggle

12. World War II

13. Narism

14. This equal and free country was a result of sacrifices of countless other men and women who fought all their lives for this day. The author wishes if he could thank them all but unfortunately, they didn’t live to see the result of their courage. Nelson Mandela gathered his courage and power from all these people and thus, wishes to make them proud. The author mentions that this hard time had its negative impacts, but it also exposed a lot of strong and courageous men who stood up and raised their voice. Thus, it required that level of unjust treatment to produce such great heroes. South Africa, he says, is rich in minerals and gems but its greatest strength lies in its people. Nelson Mandela gained his strength to stand against the wrong from all the great nationalists he mentioned above, who have even risked their lives for freedom and tolerated ill treatment but never stopped fighting. He learned that “courage” didn’t mean the absence of fear, but the ability to overcome fear. The man who overcomes his fear is called brave.

15. No one is inborn with hatred. The author’s idea is that if people can be taught hatred, they can also be taught love and brotherhood. In their most testing times in prison when they were being treated brutally, Mandela would see a pinch of humanity and kindness in one of the guards and that was enough to keep him going. He believes that goodness in human beings can be suppressed but never eliminated. In life, every man has twin obligations — obligations to his family, to his parents, to his wife and children; and he has an obligation to his people, his community, his country. 

16. The author did not have the plan to stand against the apartheid system early in life. He lived his childhood like any normal child in South Africa. He only had to follow the rules set up by his father or the customs of his tribe. As soon as he grew up and began to learn the facts as to how people of colour are treated, he decided to stand against it. He had this urge for freedom from inside, earlier just for himself (staying out at night, etc.) and later for having a basic life not just for himself, but for everyone. In Johannesburg, they had to struggle for having a peaceful marriage, family, and basic amenities which everyone has access to where law and order existed. It was this desire for the freedom of his people to live their lives with dignity and self-respect that animated his life, that transformed a frightened young man into a bold one, that drove a law-abiding attorney to become a criminal, that turned a family-loving husband into a man without a home, that forced a life-loving man to live like a monk.

17. I knew that the oppressor must be liberated just as surely as the oppressed. A man who takes away another man’s freedom is a prisoner of hatred; he is locked behind the bars of prejudice and narrow-mindedness. I am not truly free if I am taking away someone else’s freedom, just as surely as I am not free when my freedom is taken from me. The oppressed and the oppressor alike are robbed of their humanity.

18. Summary Long ago, in the first decade of the twentieth century, white supremacy introduced the system of apartheid and made life a living hell for the dark-skinned population. It gave rise to one of the most inhumane societies of the world. Many people have struggled and sacrificed for basic human rights. The author expressed his desire to thank all those freedom fighters who couldn’t live to see this autumn day. He referred to the citizens as the greatest asset of the country. It is these people he gathered his courage from. Mandela believes that courageous is not the man who is fearless, but the man who has overcome fear. He also mentioned the two responsibilities every human has and how in order to fulfil his obligation towards the society, his obligation towards his family was neglected. He became a man of people when he realised that the idea of freedom was an illusion for him and people like him.

19. Summary It was then he joined the African National Congress and fought for his rights till he became the first black President of the nation. According to him, the oppressor is as much a prisoner as the oppressed. As soon as the former robs the oppressed of their freedom he, himself gets robbed of his humanity. Thus, the oppressor too, is not free .

20. Mind Map

21. Additional resource https://www.biography.com/video/nelson-mandela-early-life-25564739975 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UqoYmx_L-Xs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGMqqNUz2UY

22. Research Assignment Draw comparisons with Gandhi and Abraham Lincoln’s struggle. Map activity- Mark South Africa on the World Map.

23. Value Points Every dark cloud has a silver lining The values human dignity, justice, peace, loyalty to our nation Greatest wealth is the people, finer and truer than the purest diamonds. Through struggle we learn the meaning of courage. Courage is not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it. The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear. No one is born hating another person because of the colour of his skin, or his background, or his religion. People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love, for love comes more naturally to the human heart than its opposite. Man’s goodness is a flame that can be hidden but never extinguished. In life, every man has twin obligations — obligations to his family, to his parents, to his wife and children; and he has an obligation to his people, his community, his country. The oppressor must be liberated just as surely as the oppressed. A man who takes away another man’s freedom is a prisoner of hatred; he is locked behind the bars of prejudice and narrow mindedness.

24. Textual Questions From the book

25. Long Answers (100-120 words The inauguration ceremony symbolised a common victory  for justice, for peace, for human dignity against the most hated apartheid regime based on racial discrimination. Comment.  Why does Mandela say that freedom is indivisible? How are the oppressed and the oppressor alike robbed of their humanity.

26. Reference to Context ( pg. 19, Para-1; fourth line) It was not only a display of pinpoint precision and military force, but a demonstration of the military’s loyalty to democracy, to a new government that had been freely and fairly elected. Only moments before, the highest generals of the South African defence force and police, their chests bedecked with ribbons and medals from days gone by, saluted me and pledged their loyalty. What type of government was chosen in South Africa? How was it chosen? What do the military generals do? How has their attitude changed and why?

27. Analytical Paragraph writing Analytical Paragraph writing –  An analytical paragraph is a form of descriptive writing which is written on the basis of a given chart, graph, data, outline, clues, table, etc. When  writing an analytical paragraph , one should remember to describe the facts in the best possible manner and to cover the information provided. The  analytical paragraph  has to be written in around 100-120 words. So the paragraph must use clear and crisp language along with providing complete details of the chart given in the question. There will be an internal choice given.

28. Features of an analytical paragraph writing- It describes the given chart, table, data, graph, cues etc. It should be brief and comprehensive (include complete information) at the same time. It should state facts that are provided by the chart. It is necessary to make use of simple and accurate language. It should mention figures and quantities appropriately. It is appropriate to use the same tense throughout the analytical paragraph. No personal observation or response should be provided. It would be preferable to use the passive form of the verb

29. Format An analytical paragraph shall be divided into three parts- Introduction Body of the paragraph and; Conclusion

30. Format Format of Analytical paragraph writing Introduction (explain in one or two lines the subject of the graph given) Body (explain in detail what the graph is about, use relevant figures, explain trends, make comparisons and contrasts, divide into sub paragraphs, if required) Conclusion (conclude the paragraph giving the overall view or summary of the graph)

31. Useful Tips For an introduction, you can start with the following phrases- The chart given above describes The table suggests The line graph shows The data given provides information about The pie chart illustrates, etc.

32. Sample The chart shows the division of household tasks by gender in Great Britain. Write an analytical paragraph describing the chart given in not more than 200 words.         

33. Answer The chart shows the number of minutes per day spent by British men and women in doing household tasks. On an average, the women spend about four hours doing household tasks whereas the men spend less than two and half hours. The tasks on which women spend more time than men include cooking, cleaning house, taking care of the children and laundry. In doing all these tasks, women spend approximately 200 minutes which is almost three times the time spent by men in these tasks. On the other hand, men spend twice the time than women in doing tasks like gardening and maintenance of odd jobs in the house. Men spend the highest time, almost 50 minutes, in gardening and petcare . While the women spend only 30 minutes for these tasks. The time spent by men in washing, ironing and sewing clothes is as low as 2 minutes per day as opposed to 25 minutes spent by women. In short, women spend far more time doing household chores than men whilst men prefer to do gardening, petcare and maintaining odd jobs.

34. Practice Question

35. Thank You! Practice question + Sample