Neonatal Seizure ppt

Neonatal seizure in pediatric Nursing.
Bsc Nursing 3rd year.
A small and brief ppt on neonatal seizure or epilepsy.
PPT includes introduction, definition, etiology, pathophysiology, classification, sign and symptoms, diagnostic evaluation, medical and surgical management, nursing management, nursing diagnosis, prevention, complications.

1. Neonatal Seizure Submitted By Ritik Bsc Nursing III year

2. Introduction A neonatal seizure is a seizure that occurs in a newborn baby, typically within the first 28 days of life. These seizures can be caused by various factors, such as infection, brain injury, or congenital disorders. They can also be a symptom of an underlying condition such as hypoglycemia .

3. Definition Seizures are abnormally excessive neuronal activity in the brain. Neonatal seizures or neonatal convulsions are epileptics occurring from birth to the end of neonatal period.

4. Incidence rate the incidence of neonatal seizures is estimated to be between 1 and 5 per 1,000 live births.

5. Risk factors Prematurity: Infants born prematurely, especially those less than 32 weeks gestational age, have an increased risk of developing seizures. Birth trauma Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE): HIE occurs when the baby's brain does not receive enough oxygen and blood during or after delivery, and is a significant risk factor for neonatal seizures. Congenital brain malformations: Structural abnormalities or malformations of the brain can lead to neonatal seizures.

6. Etiology Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) Intracranial hemorrhage Infections Metabolic disorders Genetic disorders (tuberous sclerosis) Maternal Drug use

7. Pathophysilogy Due to etiological factor Disturbance in brain function Brain cell become over reactive Burst electrical activity in the brain That affect the CNS area Seizure

8. Classification Neonatal seizure Generalized: Involves the entire brain Partial: Localized to a specific area of the brain Tonic Clonic Myoclonic Simple Complex

9. Generalized Seizure: G eneralized seizure is a type of seizure that involves the entire brain( both side of hemisphere) . It have 3 sub types Tonic seizure Clonic seizure Myoclonic seizure

10. Tonic Seizure: Sudden & Sustained muscle stiffness or rigidity in the body. During a tonic seizure, the muscle of the arm, legs may become stiff. The baby may become unconscious. It lasts for few seconds to a minute. Clonic seizure: Rhythmic, Jerking muscle movement that may affect The entire body or just one part of the body, such as arm or leg. The movements typically alternate between contraction & relaxation of the muscles, causing a shaking trembling motion. This is last for seconds to 3 minutes.

11. Myoclonic seizure: Sudden, brief muscle contraction that can affect one or more Part of the body. This is typically last for only a few seconds.

12. Partial seizure: A partial seizure, also known as a focal seizure, is a type of seizure that affects only one part of the brain or a particular area. Partial seizures can be further classified into two subtypes: simple partial seizures a nd complex partial seizures.

13. Simple Partial seizure: Also known as a focal aware seizure, is characterized by abnormal electrical activity in a specific part of the brain. The person experiencing a simple seizure remains conscious and aware of their surrounding during the seizure. They may experience abnormal sensations, such as tingling, feeling or a sense of fear.

14. Complex Seizure: Complex Seizure is characterized by abnormal electrical activity in a specific part of the brain that cause a loss of consciousness. During a complex seizure the person may exhibit unusual behaviours, such as lip smacking and Hand rubbing.

15. Clinical Manifestation Twitching of facial muscles Twitching of the hands and feet The eye roll or stare Hallucination Dizziness Confusion Anxiety and fear

16. Diagnostic Evaluation History taking MRI EEG(Electroencephalogram) XRAY CT Scan Lumber puncture

17. Management Medical management: Phenobarbital – 3-5 mg /kg/day Diphenylhydantoin – 5-8mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses. Diazepam – 0.2mg/kg/dose Sodium valproate – 12-20mg/kg/day 3-3 divided doses. oxygen therapy

18. Surgical management: Neurosurgery- Removing area of brain where seizure occurs like tumors . Callosotomy - Surgery to treat epilepsy seizure when anti seizure medication can’t help. Procedure involve cutting a band of fibres ( carpes callosum) in brain afterward, the nerves can’t send seizure signals between the brains to halves. Focal Resection of parts of cerebral cortex. Such as temporal lobe.

19. Nursing Management Early Recognition and assessment of seizure activity. Monitoring And managing vital signs and oxygenation. Administering antiepileptic medications. Providing a safe and supportive environment. Provide education and support to family.

20. Nursing Diagnosis Ineffective impaired cerebral tissue perfusion related to decreased oxygenation during seizure. Delayed development related to underlying neurological condition. Hyperthermia related to infectious process. Risk for injury related to seizure and cerebral edema . Deficient knowledge related to seizure.

21. 1. Ineffective impaired cerebral tissue perfusion related to decreased oxygenation during seizure. Monitor vital signs: Vital signs, including blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation, should be monitored frequently during and after the seizure to detect any changes in oxygenation levels. Administer oxygen. Administer anticonvulsant.

22. 2. Delayed development related to underlying neurological condition. Monitor the neonate‘s developmental milestones regularly. Providing appropriate developmental stimulation and interventions to promote growth and development. Educating parents on the potential long term effects of neonatal seizures and the importance of follow up care and monitoring.

23. 3.Hyperthermia related to infectious process. Check the temperature and other vital signs after 2 hrs. Provide cold sponges. Provide antipyretics as per ordered. Maintain room and it’s body at low temperature.

24. 4. Risk for injury related to seizure and cerebral edema . Continues monitoring Maintaining a safe environment Apply tag (neon pink) for high risk of falls. Stay with patient during and after seizure. Administer proper medication.

25. 5. Deficient knowledge related to seizure. Assess the patient knowledge. Provide education. Encourage the members to ask questions.

26. Prevention Prevent Perinatal injury and head injury in children. Prevent meningitis in children. In neonates hypoglycemia should be managed to prevent brain injury and seizure. Remove the dangerous objects from child’s vicinity.

27. Complications Cerebral Palsy Mental Retardation Injury from falls Difficulty in learning

28. Bibliography Sharma R., “Essential of pediatric nursing”. Edition : 3 rd Edition , jaypee brothers publishers , pg no. 131-132.

29. Thank you