Nephritis.pptx

Nephritis for B.Sc. nursing programme.

1. By Mr.Ravishankar Nursing tutor

2. Introduction:- A condition in which the tissues in the kidney become inflamed and have problems filtering waste from the blood . i.e. inflammation of the kidney.

3. Definition:- “Nephritis refers to a medical condition characterized by an inflammation of the kidney”. “Nephritis is inflammation of the kidney and may involve the glomeruli, tubules or interstitial tissue surrounding the glomeruli and tubules”.

4. types Acute Nephritis:- it is caused by allergy to drug therapy. Chronic Nephritis- it is also similarly be due to very large number of causes, like – blood calcium deposit, uric acid deposits.

5. Subtypes:-

6. Interstitial nephritis or tubulo- interstitial nephritis is inflammation of the spaces between renal tubules. Lupus Nephritis is an inflammation of the kidney caused by systemic lupus erythematosus ,a condition of immune system.

7. Causes and risk factors:- Prolonged throat infection. Weak immune system. Rheumatic fever. Excessive drinking. Wrong dietary habits. Low blood pressure. Frequent use of painkillers and suppressive medication. Bacterial infection.

8. pathophysiology Due to etiological factors Throat infection Deposition of antigen antibody in glomerulus Leukocytes infiltrate the glomerulus Thickening of the glomerular filtration membrane Loss of glomerular filtration membrane Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) Nephritis

9. Clinical manifestation:- difficulty in breathing. Feeling ill. Swelling of the tissue (face around the eye, legs). Pus in urine. Weight gain (from extra fluid in body) Joint pain/redness. Mouth ulcer Elevated BP Loss of appetite Uremia. Change in mental status, such as confusion, drowsiness.

10. Diagnostic evaluation:- Physical examination. History collection KFT Kidney biopsy Imaging studies- x ray, ultrasound. Urine test.

11. Management:- Corticosteroids drugs for reducing symptoms. Antibiotics medications to rid the infection. Calcium channel blockers to maintain BP. Diuretics. Dialysis my be necessary to control symptoms of acute or chronic renal failure. Kidney transplant may be recommended to treat kidney failure.

12. Home remedies:- Avoid sodium rich diet. Take low protein diet. juicy fruits such as apple, grapes, orange and pineapple should be taken. Glass of carrot juice with honey should be taken. Papaya & bananas are low in protein and salt should be taken. Coconut water should be taken. Smoking, drinking and chocolate should be avoided. White bread, sugar, cakes, fried food and tea should be avoided.