Nephron of Human_20250226_233852_0000.pdf

Ppt on Nephrology and Nephrons

1. Name - Soumyadip Hudait
Roll no - 16
Topic - Nephron
1st Professional BHMS (Batch-2023-24)
Metropolitan Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital
RAMCHANDRAPUR, SODEPUR, KOL-700110
Underguidance by:-
Dr.Karuna Sankar Roy
Dr.Ranjan Kumar Tosh
Dr Rabi Dutta
Dr.Abhinandan Das

2. Introduction
The nephron is the functional
unit of the kidney, responsible
for filtering waste and
excess fluids from the blood.
Each kidney contains
around 1 million nephrons

3. 1.Renal corpuscle
a.glomerulus
b.Bowman's capsule
2.Proximal
convoluted
tubules(PCT)
3.Loop of
henle
a.descending limb
b.ascending limb
4.Dital
convoluted
tubule(DCT)
5.collenting
duct
6.papillary
duct
Structures of
Nephron:

4. Filtration: Removing waste and excess
substances from the blood.
- Reabsorption: Returning essential nutrients and
ions to the bloodstream.
- Secretion: Adding waste products to the urine.
- Regulation: Maintaining proper
electrolyte balance, pH, and fluid le
The nephron's functions include:

5. Glomerular filtration
Glomerular filtration is the process by
which the kidneys filter waste and
excess substances from the blood.
It occurs in the glomerulus, a
cluster of tiny blood vessels
within the nephron.
Here's how it works:
1. *Blood flows into the glomerulus*:
Blood from the
afferent arteriole enters the glomerulus.
2. *Filtration occurs*:
The blood is filtered through the glomerular capillaries,
allowing small molecules like water, ions, and glucose to pass through.
3. *Filtrate forms*:
The filtered fluid, called the filtrate,
Collects in Bowman's capsule.
4. *Waste and excess substances removed*:
The filtrate contains waste and excess substances,
which are then removed from the body through the urine.
Glomerular filtration is a critical process
that helps maintain proper
electrolyte balance, fluid balance, and
waste removal in the body.

6. Concentration and dilution of
urine are crucial processes
that help regulate
the amount of water in the body.
Concentration of Urine
1. *Reabsorption of water*: Water is
reabsorbed from
the filtrate back into
the bloodstream,
concentrating the urine.
2. *Role of ADH*: Antidiuretic
hormone (ADH)
stimulates
the reabsorption of water,
increasing urine concentration.
3. *Loop of Henle*: The Loop of
Henle helps
concentrate the urine by
removing excess water.

7. 1. *Inhibition of ADH*:
Low levels of ADH inhibit water reabsorption, leading to dilute urine.
2. *Increased water intake*:
Drinking more water increases
the amount of water in the filtrate, diluting the urine.
3. *Role of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)*:
ANP increases sodium excretion, leading to increased
water excretion and dilute urine.
Dilution of Urine

8. .
1. Waste Removal: Nephrons filter
waste products,
such as urea, creatinine, and
other toxins, from the blood,
regulating the body's
internal environment.
2. Electrolyte Balance: Nephrons maintain
electrolyte balance by adjusting the amount
of sodium, potassium, calcium, and
other essential minerals in the body.
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney,
responsible for filtering waste and excess fluids
from the blood. Its clinical importance cannot be
overstated. Here are some key aspects:
3. Fluid Balance: Nephrons regulate
fluid balance by
controlling the amount of water
reabsorbed into the bloodstream,
ensuring proper blood pressure and circulation.
4. Acid-Base Balance: Nephrons help
maintain acid-base balance
by excreting excess hydrogen ions
and reabsorbing bicarbonate ions.
5. Blood Pressure Regulation: Nephrons play a crucial
role in regulating blood pressure through
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).

9. Artery of Nephron
Veins of Nephron
Nerve supply of Nephron
1. Renal Artery
2. Segmental Artery
3. Interlobar Artery
4. Arcuate Artery
5. Interlobular Artery
6. Afferent Arteriole
7. Efferent Arteriole
1. Efferent Arteriole
2. Peritubular Capillaries
3. Interlobular Vein
4. Arcuate Vein
5. Interlobar Vein
6. Renal Vein
1. Renal Plexus
2. Sympathetic
Nerves
3. Parasympathetic
Nerves

10. Thank You