Network topology

Here I describe about all network topology.

1. Submitted to:
Pranab Bandhu Nath
Senior Lecturer
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Submitted By:
Sujon Kumar Dey
ID No:1834902519
Section B
Program: CSE (Day)
Class Note: 07
Course: Computer Networks
Course Code: CSE 317
Date of Submission: 29/05/2021
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2. NETWORK TOPOLOGY
Network Topology:
Topology is a greek word, Here topo means 'place'and logy means
'study'.Topology means the arrangement of nodes inthe network. So topology
defers how the network is connected physically andhow to flow the data to the
network.
Types of Network Topology:
In network, there are mainly two types of topologies:
1. Physical Topology
2. Logical Topology
PhysicalTopology:Physicaltopologymeanstheplacementofthevariousnodesin
the network.
LogicalTopology:Logicaltopologymeansthedealswiththedataflowinthe
network.
Let’s know about all the network topology:
1. Bus Topology
2. Ring Topology
3. Star Topology
4. Tree Topology
5. Hybrid Topology
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3. 6. Mesh Topology
Bus Topology:
AbustopologyisatopologyforLocalAreaNetwork(LAN).It’saunidirectional
network,soit’scansend/transferthedatefromonepointtoanotherpointina
single direction.
Hereallnodesareconnectedwithonetransmissionmedium.It'salsocalledthe
backbone.Bustopologyiseasytoinstall.Hereisnotneedmuchcablingcompared
to other topology.
Advantage of Bus Topology:
1. Bus topology is most easy to install, compare toother topology.
2. Need a minimum number of cables.
3. Length of the cable is less than the star topology.
4. Easy to add or remove any devices in the network.
5. Easy to understand.
Disadvantage of Bus Topology:
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4. 1. Not efficient or effective for large networks.
2. If the backbone cable damage, the total networkwill be drop.
3. Network is slow compare to other topologies.
4. If the network drop, identify the problem is veryhard.
5. Troubleshooting for every individual device takestime, and hard.
Ring Topology:
Ringtopologyisanetworklikearing.Thatmeansthenetworkstructureofthe
ringtopologyislikearing.In-ringtopology,everynodehasarepeater.It’sa
unidirectional network.
Itcreatesacirculardatapath.RingtopologycanbeusedoncreatingaLocalArea
Network(LAN)orWideAreaNetwork(WAN),butitdependsonthenetwork
card.
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5. Advantage of Ring Topology:
1. Ring topology is cheap and easy to install.
2. Speed of the ring topology is high.
3. Easy to manage the network.
4. Optimize performance during heavy traffic comparedto other topologies.
5. Equal access to the resource for all nodes.
Disadvantage of Ring Topology:
1. Unidirectional, so a token must pass through allthe nodes.
2. Slower performance compares to bus topology.
3. Remove or adding node is hard and make an issueon network activity,
4.Fullnetworkdependsonasinglecable.Soifonedevicedamage,it'sdownthe
network.
5. Difficult to troubleshoot.
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6. Star Topology:
StartopologyisbestforLocalAreaNetwork(LAN).Instartopology,allnodesare
connectedwithacentralconnectionport.Thisportcanbeaswitchorahub.Star
topologyneedsmanycablestocomparewithbusorringtopology.Butifonecable
damage,othernodesarestillconnectedtothenetwork,soit’snotdownthecentral
network.
Advantage of Star Topology:
1. Star topology is reliable.
2. Easy to troubleshooting.
3. Speedy and optimized performance compare to othertopology.
4. No data collisions.
5. Easy to add or remove node.
Disadvantage of Star Topology:
1. Require more cables compare to other topology.
2. Require extra hardware, like hub, switch.
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7. 3. Expensive.
4. If central server like hub or switch down, it'sfail entire network.
5. Regular maintanance need.
Tree Topology:
Tree topology has a special structure, because ina tree topology there is a mixed
characteristics of Star and Bus topology. In treetopology every nodes are
connected with a root node, that's actually work asstar topology which is
connected using bus topology.
All nodes are connected to root node with maintaina hierarcy. So sometimes Tree
topology call as hierarchical topology. Also due touse bus and star mixed topology
it's call Star Bus topology.
Advantage of Tree Topology:
1. Mutual combination of bus and star topology.
2. Hierarchical management.
3. Easy management for troubleshooting.
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8. 4. If any node damage, other nodes will work.
5. Easy to add or remove node.
Disadvantage of Tree Topology:
1. Hard to understand the topology.
2. Due to large nodes, it's work slow.
3. Not cost effective.
4. If backbone cable or root node damage, hole networkwill be fail.
5. Large nodes are hard to manage.
Hybrid Topology:
Hybrid topology is the combination of all topology.So we can say combination of
two or more topology is the hrbrid topology. Hybridtopology can be includes with
Bus, Ring, Star, Mesh Topology.
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9. Hybrid topology is mainly use for a busines, school, college, university with their
desire requirement.
There are serveral types of hybrid topology. It'sdepend on requirement and
performance. Here we have written most used two typehybrid topology.
Star-Ring Hybrid Topology:Star-Ring Hybrid Topologyis the combination of
star and ring topology. There can be two or more ringand star topology.
Star-Bus Hybrid Topology:Star-Bus Hybrid Topologyis the combination of star
and bus topology. It's include two or more Star andBus topology.
Advantage of Hybrid Topology:
1. Hybrid Topology is reliable compare to other topology.
2. It's flexible to use, you can customize as perrequirement.
3. Good performance on large network.
4. Troubleshooting is easy.
5. Easy to add or remove nodes.
Disadvantage of Hybrid Topology:
1. Most expensive.
2. Make a hybrid network is complex.
3. Installation and setup process is hard.
4. Need to maintanance work.
5. Require lots of cable.
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10. Mesh Topology:
Meshtopologyisthenetworkwhereeachandeverynodeisconnectedwithevery
node.Thistopologyismostreliablecomparetodownissueinothertopology.If
oneormorenodesdamage,thenetworkisstillconnectbetweenothernodesin
mesh topology.
There are two types mesh topology. This are:
FullyconnectedMeshTopology:Infullconnectedmesh,everynodesare
connected with every nodes.
PartiallyconnectedMeshTopology:It'snotrequiretoconnectionbetweenall
nodes,whenit'sapartiallyconnectedmeshtopology.Peripheralnetworkare
connected using partial mesh.
Advantage of Mesh Topology:
1. Not down the network with damage single node.
2. Identify problem or troubleshooting is direct.
3. Security and privacy is high.
4. Adding or remove nodes easy, it's not down thenetwork.
5. High performance with maximum traffic.
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11. Disadvantage of Mesh Topology:
1. Most expensive compare to Star, Bus, Ring Topology.
2. Complex to understand.
3. Maximum cabling need.
4. Not easy to install.
5. Maintaining is costly and time consuming.
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