NETWORKING

Showing the slides based on networking and types of networking.

1. NETWORKING A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CDs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications. The computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams .

2. TYPES OF NETWORK MAN- ( Metropolitan Area Network) WAN – ( Wide Area Network) CAN- (Campus/Cluster Area Network) PAN- ( Personal Area Network) LAN – (Local Area Network)

3. LAN – ( Local Area Network) A LAN comprises cables, access points, switches, routers, and other components that enable devices to connect to internal servers, web servers, and other LANs via wide area networks. The rise of virtualization has also fueled the development of virtual LANs, which enable network administrators to logically group network nodes and partition their networks without a need for major infrastructure changes. For example, in an office with multiple departments, such as accounting, IT support, and administration, each department's computers could be logically connected to the same switch but segmented to behave as if they are separate. LANs were developed in the 1960s for use by colleges, universities, and research facilities (such as NASA), primarily to connect computers to other computers. It wasn't until the development of Ethernet technology (1973, at Xerox PARC), its commercialization (1980), and its standardization (1983) that LANs started to be used widely.

4. MAN-(Metropolitan Area Network) A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a network that interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic area or region larger than that covered by even a large local area network ( LAN ) but smaller than the area covered by a  wide area network (WAN) . The term is applied to the interconnection of networks in a city into a single larger network (which may then also offer efficient connection to a wide area network). It is also used to mean the interconnection of several local area networks by bridging them with  backbone  lines. The latter usage is also sometimes referred to as a campus network . Examples of metropolitan area networks of various sizes can be found in the metropolitan areas of London, England; Lodz, Poland; and Geneva, Switzerland. Large universities also sometimes use the term to describe their networks. A recent trend is the installation of wireless MANs .

5. WAN-(Wide Area Network) A wide area network (WAN) is a network that exists over a large-scale geographical area, as compared to other network types, such as a local area network (LAN). A WAN connects different smaller networks, including local area networks (LANs) and metro area networks (MANs), so that computers and users in one location can communicate with computers and users in other locations. WAN implementation can be done through either a public transmission system or a private network. In many ways, a WAN works in a similar fashion to a LAN, just on a larger scale. Typically, TCP/IP is the protocol used for a WAN, in combination with devices such as routers, switches, firewalls and modems .

6. CAN-(Cluster/Campus Area Network) A campus area network (CAN) is a network of multiple interconnected local area networks (LAN) in a limited geographical area. A CAN is smaller than a wide area network (WAN) or metropolitan area network (MAN ). A CAN is also known as a corporate area network (CAN). CAN benefits are as follows: Cost-effective Wireless, versus cable Multidepartmental network access Single shared data transfer rate ( DTR) The following are examples of CAN implementations: Stanford University's SUNet network Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s (MIT) Project Athena ) R

7. PAN-(Personal Area Network) A personal area network (PAN) refers to the interconnection of information technology devices or gadgets within the environment of an individual user (typically within 10 meters or 33 feed). These interconnected devices might include laptop computers, PDAs, cellphones, printers, PCs or other wearable computer devices. Also known as a wireless personal network (WPAN ). Thomas Zimmerman of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Media Lab is credited with the initial PAN concept, which was later developed by IBM’s Almaden Research Lab.

8. NETWORKING:- Advantages Disadvantages Central Storage of Data Anyone can connect to a computer network Faster Problem solving Reliability It is highly flexible Security through Authorization It boosts storage capacity  Too much sitting Carpal tunnel and eye strain Short attention span and too much multitasking . Potential of loss of privacy Can limit learning and create a dependency Time sink and lots of distractions Can reduce jobs

9. THANKS FOR WATCHING Name:- Ramanpreet Kaur Class :- 9 th Section:- ‘A’ Roll NO. :- 26