Networking and internetworking devices

Computer Communication And Networking (Networking And Inter networking Device)
B.E Electronic Engineering
By Raveena Kumari (14ES28)

1. 14es28 Networking and internetworking

2. Principle of networking Main standard use for connecting pcs should be Ethernet Ethernet : is a technology which allows us to connect multiple device to form LAN Today high-speed LANS should be used so that it can support such high bandwidth application as multimedia and video- conferencing Network which enable multiple use in a very small to large area to exchange file and massages, as well as access shared resources such as file, server, printer. Fastest speed in a very low cost

3. Networking VS Internetworking devices Network device are the component use to connect computer to other electronic devices together so that they can share files or resources like printer or fax machine (LAN) are most common type of network use by public Internetwork device is a collection of individual network connect by intermediate networking device or to connect the device with internet

4. Connecting devices / LAN devices

5. Repeaters A repeaters( regenerator) is an electronic device that receive a signal and retransmit it at a higher level or higher power. It operates only at physical layer of OSI model

6. CONT.. It does not connect two LANS but two segment of LAN Analog repeaters only amplify the signal (including noise) Digital repeaters can reconstruct a signal to near its original quality (remove impurities)

7. CONT.. Advantages: Extend network in term of distance Amplify and reconstruct the signal Disadvantages: Can not connect different network architecture More chance of collision Limited number of segment can be used No security

8. Hub A hub is a multiport repeater it normally use to create connection between stations in a physical star topology. It works at the physical layer of OSI model. When a PC-A wants to communicated PC-B it sends the message to HUB which will broadcast to all workstation. In result only PC-B will accept the message and all other will discard

9. Types of HUB Active Hub: a central connecting device that regenerate a signal on output side to keep the signal strong. Passive Hub: it just enable the data to go from one device to other Intelligent Hub: it does not only regenerate signal but also enable administrator to monitor the traffic passing through hub by configuring each port

10. HUB Advantages Amplify and reconstruct Number of networks can be used Needs no configuration Disadvantages No other can transmit when one is transmitting No security Whenever collision accur communication stops

11. Bridges Bridge divide a large network into two segment. Operate in both physical and data link layer As physical layer device it regenerates the signal it receives A bridge has a table the maps address to ports is known as BRIDGE table. As data link layer device , when a frame enters a bridge it checks the MAC address ( source and destination) and forwards the new copy only to the segment the address belongs.

12. Bridges a bridge has filtering capability it can check the destination of the frame and decided if the frame should be forwarded or dropped If destination address is in the same segment as the source address, it only broadcast to cross ponding segment else, forward to the other segment.

13. Bridges Advantages Reduce network traffic with minor segmentation Reduce collision filtering Disadvantages Slow due to filtering More expensive than repeaters Security issue

14. SWITCH Switches are special type of Hub that offers data link layer on repeaters hub A switch must be able to read and update the source MAC address of each frame it receive which enable them to repeat incoming information by unicast rather than broadcast. This speeds up the network. The switch gets the information of port by table i.e. MAC table Initially MAC address table is empty port MAC -- -- -- -- -- --

15. Working of switch port MAC Fa0/1 A Fa0/2 B Fa0/3 C

16. Switch Advantages filtering data Secure Port information Disadvantages Connect two similar device only Looping when redundant wire is created

17. ROUTER Specialized device connect more than one network Having software that allows the router to move data from one network to another or that found the best path to transmit information without redundancy via table is known as routing table Router operates at the physical, data link and network layer of OSI model ROUTER FUNCTION: Restrict broadcast to the LAN Act as default getaway Move data between networks Learn and advertise loop free path

18. working It works on gateway which is converter protocol A gateway can accept the packet format from one protocol and convert it to a packet for another protocol Gateway is the software installed with in a router IP in router is matched only if network ID is matched

19. Types of Router Static Router : R outing manually by admin with all path in the internetwork Ideal for small organization Communicate two different network If we want to connect internet( multiple network) for that we use default routing Default routing: configure and save the port which are directly connected, the port which is not configure belongs to other router .

20. Dynamic Router These automatically create their routing table by listening to network traffic Routing by routing protocol (distance vector, link state) Ideal for large size protocol

21. Router Advantage Connect two different device No redundancy Disadvantage Expensive Slower than other devices because it analyze data transmission from physical to network layer

22. WIRLESS NETWORK PARTII

23. What is wireless and wireless network ? Anything without wires is wireless.. In wireless network data are carried by electrical wave ( radio wave) from one node to another node.

24. Types of wireless network Wireless Ad-hoc: Connect wirelessly with the use of wireless network internet card (NIC) Wireless network can not connect through wired network ISP cable is wired(DSL/cable modem) and the router at home is wireless

25. Wireless Infrastructure : Device use to bridge wired-wireless network called as access point. In order to configure infrastructure is necessary to configure access point with antenna Wireless device connects to the access point to connect the network. Wireless PAN : Personal area network (WPANs) interconnect device with in a relatively small are with in a person’s reach Example: Bluetooth is the major technology of WPANs

26. Wireless LAN: Wireless local area network links two or more device or a short distance. Usually provide connection through access point for internet access. Connection with in organization Example: WIFI (wireless fidelity) use in our home Wireless mesh network: A wireless mesh network is a wireless network made up of radio waves organized in mesh topology. Each node forward message on behalf of other node Example: map device military force use it in field operation.

27. Wireless metropolitan Area network : Wireless metropolitan area network are type of wireless that connect several wireless local area network. Connect different organizations with in cities Wireless Wide Area Network: Wireless wide area network are the network that typically cover large areas Example: web access from cell phone or other devices

28. Wireless network Advantage : Mobility Ease and cost of installation increase Network reliability Connectivity with different devices Security Disadvantage: High level of radio frequency with heating effect can cause biological damage