Neurocysticercosis

neuroinfection

1. NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS By, Ms. Ekta S Patel II Year M.Sc Nursing MSN(Neuroscience)

2. Introduction :

3. Neurocysticercosis is most common parasitic disease of nervous system and it is main cause of acquired epilepsy in developing countries. Neurocysticercosis can be acquired via fecal-oral contact with carries adult tape worm Taenia solium. This usually indicates the presence of tap worm carrier in immediate environment or by accidental ingestion of contaminated food.

4. Definition :

5. NCC is the condition in which results from encystment of the larva of T.Solium, the pork tapeworm in the tissue of the brain.

6. Epidemiology :

7. NCC is most frequent neurological disorders in several countries of Latin America, Africa and Asia. Its relevance to socioeconomic factors and feeding habits. It is almost unnoticed in Muslims as Quran prohibits the consumption of pork .

8. It is endemic in areas, where pork is massively consumed. In Asia this conditions most disease, but its prevalence is still underestimated because of lack of diagnostic facilities in rural areas, where the reported cases only represent the tip of the iceberg. CNS involvement occurs in 50-70% of all cases.

9. Clinical Manifestation :

10. Seizures. Focal neurological signs: pyramidal tract sign, sensory deficits, cerebellar ataxia, sign of brain stem dysfunction, involuntary movement. Increased intracranial pressure. Hydrocephalus.

11. Encephalitis. Psychotic reaction. Diffuse muscle involvement may result in pseudo hypertrophic myopathy swelling and hypertrophy of muscle .

12. Diagnostic evaluation :

13. History collection Physical examination CT Scan and MRI Stool studies  

14. Management : 

15. Before the treatment the viability of cyst and location of parasite is to be confirmed. Treatment consist of: Symptomatic Specific anticysticercus agent Surgical treatment

16. Pharmacological management : Praziquantel 25 mg/kg every 2 hours per day Albendazole 15 mg/kg of 1 month .

17. Surgical management : For patient with hydrocephalus secondary to cysticercosis ventricular shunt is done. Freely mobile ventricular cyst may be removed by surgical excision or endoscopic aspiration.

18. Nursing management : Observe patient’s condition, vital signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. Provide seizures precaution. Anticipate behavioural change and observe for it. Give health education about the disease condition, treatment and prevention.  

19. Complication :

20. Seizure Stroke Vision changes Cognitive problems Death

21. Summary

22. ?

23. Thank you