Neurotransmitters definition and function

neurotransmitters

1. Neurotransmitters

2. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that your body can’t function without. Their job is to carry chemical signals (“messages”) from one neuron (nerve cell) to the next target cell. The next target cell can be another nerve cell, a muscle cell or a gland . Your body has a vast network of nerves (your nervous system) that send and receive electrical signals from nerve cells and their target cells all over your body What are neurotransmitters?

3. Your nervous system controls everything from your mind to your muscles, as well as organ functions. In other words, nerves are involved in everything you do, think and feel. Your nerve cells send and receive information from all body sources. This constant feedback is essential to your body’s optimal function . Neurotransmitters are synthetized in and released from nerve endings into the synaptic cleft. From there, neurotransmitters bind to receptor proteins in the cellular membrane of the target tissue. The target tissue gets excited, inhibited, or functionally modified in some other way.

4. There are more than 40 neurotransmitters in the human nervous system; some of the most important acetylcholine norepinephrine Biogenic amines dopamine gamma- aminobutyric acid (GABA ) glutamate serotonin histamine. Types of neurotransmitters

5. Serve as chemical signallers Trigger seed and pollen germination Regulate ion permeability ,energetics ,metabolism and movements of roots ,leaves and stomata cells Protect against stresses Participate in intercellular and intra cellular reactions Function of neurotransmitters in plant

6. Medical plants enricher in some neurotransmitters could be used in pharmacology and medicine as alternative to purified chemical drugs Commercial use of plant neurotransmitters

7. 1-Irritability Chemical signals that are uniform for every cell One of the main characteristics of all living things ,predicted and fast reaction of organisms to external factors 2-electric events The impulse spreading in both animals and plants due to changes of electric potential Introduction

8. The preception of external stimulus Transmission of information about this stimulus Responses Mediators Are synthesized and function as regulators in development of embryos and organisms locking a nervous system The molecular mechanism of excitability including

9. In the nerve cell these compounds are stored in special secretory vesicles and on irritation are liberatedbbin narrow space (1nm) between contacting cells the synaptic link or synapse The free mediator binds with protein receptors of the neigbouring cells that results in opening of ion channels in the plasmatic membrane Mechanism of interaction of mediator with receptor

10. The ions move according to their concentration gradient and the cellular electric potential changes thus chemical information is transformed into electric impulse Other mechanism By triggering of systems of intercellular secondary messenger that regulate the activity of enzymes in cells including cAMP , cGMP , adenylate cyclase , guanylate cyclase ,inositol tri phosphate ,Ca+2 and related compounds in plant