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1. Sequential Compression Devices

2. Contents Introduction It’s importance Understanding Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism Mechanism of Action Nursing Considerations

3. Introduction A sequential compression device (SCD) is a medical device used to improve circulation in the body . It consists of inflatable sleeves or boots connected to a pump. By sequentially inflating and deflating, it mimics muscle contractions, aiding venous return and reducing the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), particularly in immobile patients.

4. The inflating sleeves are wrap around the client’s limbs and consist of multiple compartments that are connected to an air pump through a tube. Air is pumped into each compartment, from bottom to top, inflating them. When all compartments are inflated, they deflate, and then the cycle starts again. This cycle helps push the blood from the legs back to the heart.

5. Importance 1.Preventing Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) - SCDs play a crucial role in preventing the formation of blood clots in the deep veins of the legs, reducing the risk of DVT, especially in post-surgical patients. 2.Reducing Risk of Pulmonary Embolism (PE) - By preventing DVT, SCDs also lower the risk of PE, a life-threatening condition where blood clots travel to the lungs. 3.Enhancing Blood Circulation - SCDs promote blood flow in the legs through intermittent pressure, particularly beneficial for patients with limited mobility, aiding in overall circulation and preventing stasis-related complications.

6. Understanding Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) - Blood clot in deep vein, often lower leg. - Risk factors: immobility, surgery, trauma, pregnancy, obesity. - Symptoms: swelling, pain, warmth, redness. - Complications: clot may travel to lungs causing PE. Pulmonary Embolism (PE) - Clot dislodges, travels to lungs, blocks artery. - Similar risk factors as DVT. - Symptoms: sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, rapid heartbeat, coughing blood, fainting.

7. Explanation how this Device Works SCDs consist of inflatable sleeves or cuffs placed around the legs or feet. - A central pump unit inflates the sleeves in a sequential manner, starting from the bottom and moving upwards. - The inflation creates intermittent pressure, which compresses the veins and promotes blood flow upwards towards the heart. - After a set period, the sleeves deflate, allowing blood to refill the veins. - This cyclic process repeats at regular intervals, mimicking the natural muscle pump mechanism of the legs. - The intermittent pressure helps prevent blood stasis and reduces the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in at-risk patients.

8. Nursing Considerations 1. Assessment - Evaluate patient's mobility, DVT risk factors, and skin condition. - Determine suitability for SCD therapy. - Monitor patient's comfort, skin integrity, and limb circulation during treatment. 2. Monitoring - Regularly assess patient compliance with SCD therapy. - Monitor for any signs of adverse reactions, such as skin irritation or numbness. - Document SCD application details and patient responses to ensure comprehensive care and treatment continuity.

9. DOCUMENTATION PROCESS 1.DATE AND TIME 2.SQUENTIAL COMPRESSION SET UP Include pressure level , cycle time ,placement of compression sleeves Eg;60 mmof hg ,cyclic time 60 sec i.e compression phase 12 sec and relaxation phase 48 3.PATIENT RESPONSE Comfort level: tolerable or on not Skin integrity : skin irritation, redness, pressure injuries or not at the site o f compression sleeve application

10. INTERVATION RELATED TO COMPLICATION eg: 1 Skin Assessment : pressure injury / irritation 2. Intervation : compression device immediately discontinued and carefully remove t o prevent further pressure injury/irritation Affected area cleaned with a gentle non irritating cleanser 3. Skin protection : cream applied for promoting healing 4. Monitoring : closely monitored any signs of improving or not 5. Consultation : health care team or dermattologists was consulted to provide further evaluation