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1. NURSING FOUNDATION CLASS 2

2. OXYGEN THERAPY

3. HYPOXIA: Decrease in oxygen supply to the tissues and cells HYPOXEMIA: Decrease in arterial oxygen tension in the blood

4. OXYGEN TOXICITY when too high a concentration of oxygen ( greater than 50% ) is administered for an extended period ( longer than 48 hours ). Signs and symptoms substernal discomfort, paresthesias , dyspnea, restlessness , fatigue, malaise, progressive respiratory difficulty, and alveolar infiltrates evident on chest x-rays.

5. OXYGEN ADMINISTRATION DEVICES TYPES High-flow delivery systems Variable performance oxygen devices Low flow delivery systems fixed performance oxygen devices

6. Low flow (Variable performance devices ) Nasal cannula Nasal catheter Simple face mask Partial rebreathing mask Non rebreathing mask

7. High flow (Fixed performance devices) Venturi mask HFNC Oxygen hood Transtracheal catheter Aerosol mask Tracheostomy collar T-piece Face tent

8. NASAL CANNULA FLOW RATE (L/MIN) O2 PERCENTAGE 1 24 2 28 3 32 4 36 5 40 6 44 Indications Mild hypoxia Procedures

9. Contraindications Nasal deformity traumaepistaxis NG can not provide more than 4 LPM – dryness

10. NASAL CATHETER Oxygen flows - 2–3 L/min , FiO 2 35-40 %

11. SIMPLE FACE MASK Hudson Mask Flow rate FiO2 % 6-8 40-60

12. PARTIAL REBREATHING MASK Mask with reservoir bag of capacity 1lit Flow rate FiO2 % 8-11 50-75

13. NON REBREATHING MASK Flo rate FiO2 % 12 80-100

14. TRANSTRACHEAL CATHETER Flow rate FiO2 % 1/4 - 4 60 -100

15. Venturi mask(AEM) Flo rate FiO2 % 2 24 4 28 6 31 8 35 10 40 15 60

16. TRACHEOSTOMY COLLAR T-PIECE FACE TENT Flow rate L/mm FiO2 % 8-10 30-100

17. A client has just been admitted to the emergency department and requires high-flow oxygen therapy after suffering facial burns and smoke inhalation. Which oxygen delivery device should the nurse use initially ? A. Face tent B. Venturi mask C. Nasal cannula D. Non- rebreather mask

18. The maximum flow rate of the nasal cannula is? 2 LPM 4 LPM 6 LPM 8 LPM

19. The main difference between the partial rebreather mask and the non rebreather mask is the holes on the side are replaced with a one way valve. True False

20. NURSING PROCESS

21. systematic method of planning and providing individualized nursing care.

22.     STEPS OF THE NURSING PROCESS

23. Gather Information/Collect Data Types of Data ASSESSMENT

24. PLANNING Planning involves establishing client goals & expected outcomes and selecting nsg interventions

25. S pecific M easurable A ttainable R elevant T ime Bound

26. TYPES OF PLANNING Initial Planning Ongoing Planning Discharge Planning

27. Implementation The fourth step in the Nursing Process This is the “Doing” step Carrying out nursing interventions (orders) selected during the planning step Eg: Monitor VS q4h Maintain prescribed diet (2 Gm Na)

28. Evaluation

29.   ]jb iursb li `jgrnb lmbitlelbs g pgtlbit's rbspaisbs ta g`tugc ar patbitlgc jbgctjprahcbos murlin wjl`j stbp ae tjb iurslin pra`bss1 G. GssbsslinH. Mlgniaslin@. VcgiilinM. Bvgcugtlin Giswbr4 HXgtlaigcb- ]jb iursb lmbitlelbs juogi rbspaisbs ta g`tugc ar patbitlgc jbgctjprahcbos murlin tjb iurslin mlgniasbs stbp ae tjb iurslin pra`bss. Murlin tjbgssbssobit stbp, tjb iursb `accb`ts mgtg. Murlin tjb pcgiilin stbp, tjb iursbmbvbcaps strgtbnlbs ta rbsacvb ar mb`rbgsb tjb pgtlbit's prahcbo. Murlinbvgcugtlai, tjb iursb mbtbrolibs tjb beeb`tlvbibss ae tjb pcgi ae `grb. G ebogcb pgtlbit ls mlgniasbm wltj mbbp-vbli tjraohasls. ^jl`j iurslinmlgniasls sjaucm rb`blvb tjb jlnjbst prlarlty gt tjls tlob1 G. Lopglrbm ngs bx`jginb rbcgtbm ta li`rbgsbm hcaam ecawH. Eculm vacuob bx`bss rbcgtbm ta pbrlpjbrgc vgs`ucgr mlsbgsb@. Xlsk ear lidury rbcgtbm ta bmbogM. Gctbrbm pbrlpjbrgc tlssub pbreuslai rbcgtbm ta vbiaus `ainbstlai Giswbr4 MXgtlaigcb4 ]jls giswbr tgkbs jlnjbst prlarlty hb`gusb vbiaus liecgoogtlai gim`cat earogtlai lopbmb hcaam ecaw li g pgtlbit wltj mbbp-vbli tjraohasls.Aptlai G ls li`arrb`t hb`gusb lopglrbm ngs bx`jginb ls rbcgtbm ta mb`rbgsbm,iat li`rbgsbm, hcaam ecaw. Aptlai H ls ligppraprlgtb hb`gusb ia bvlmbi`bsunnbsts tjgt tjls pgtlbit jgs g eculm vacuob bx`bss. Aptlai @ ogy hbwgrrgitbm hut ls sb`aimgry ta gctbrbm tlssub pbreuslai G iursb ls rbvlslin g `clbit's `grb                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     AD   pcgi. Murlin wjl`j stbp ae tjbiurslin pra`bss mabs su`j g rbvlslaitgkb pcg`b1 G. GssbssobitH. Vcgiilin@. LopcbobitgtlaiM. Bvgcugtlai ggggggggF         Plni li  Ecgsj`grms   »  Iurslin Vra`bss/Mlgniasbs Vrg`tl`b ]bst (I@CBZ stycb) 72 ouctlpcb `jal`b Iurslin Vra`bss/mlgniasbs Vrg`tl`b ]bst (I`cbxPtycb) 72 Ouctlpcb @jal`b hy PaiygPtbpjbisKuji, Gun 867=Puhdb`ts4 iurslin Egvarltb    Gmm ta eacmbr    Ecgn   Ecgsj`grms                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         AD    Jaw ta stumy yaur ecgsj`grms. Xlnjt/Cbet grraw kbys4  Igvlngtb hbtwbbi ecgsj`grms.rlnjt grraw kbycbet grraw kby Rp/Mawi grraw kbys4  Eclp tjb `grm hbtwbbi tjb erait gim hg`k.mawi kbyup kby J kby4  Pjaw jlit (0rm slmb).j kby G kby4  Xbgm tbxt ta spbb`j.g kby @cl`k ar Vrbss Ppg`bhgr ta Hbnli » @GXM XGINB ]A P]RM\  tjraunj  Pjgrb  Vrlit   Bxpart   @caib 72 @grms li tjls Pbt ]jb iursb li `jgrnblmbitlelbs g pgtlbit'srbspaisbs ta g`tugc ar patbitlgc jbgctj prahcbosmurlin wjl`j stbp ae tjbiurslin pra`bss1G. GssbsslinH. Mlgniaslin@. VcgiilinM. Bvgcugtlin Giswbr4 HXgtaigcb- ]jb iursb lmbitebsjuogi rbspaisbs a g`ugc arpabitgc jbgcj prahcbosmurlin jb iurslin mlgniasbssbp a jb iurslin pra`bss.Murlin jb gssbssobi sbp,jb iursb `accb`s mgg. Murlinjb pcgiilin sbp, jb iursbmbvbcaps srgbnlbs a rbsacvbar mb`rbgsb jb pgtbi'sprahcbo. Murlin bvgcugtai,jb iursb mbbrolibs jbbb`tvbibss a jb pcgi a`grb.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     AD   G ebogcb pgtlbit lsmlgniasbm wltj mbbp-vblitjraohasls. ^jl`j iurslinmlgniasls sjaucm rb`blvb tjbjlnjbst prlarlty gt tjls tlob1G. Lopglrbm ngs bx`jginbrbcgtbm ta li`rbgsbm hcaamecawH. Eculm vacuob bx`bssrbcgtbm ta pbrlpjbrgcvgs`ucgr mlsbgsb@. Xlsk ear lidury rbcgtbm tabmbogM. Gctbrbm pbrlpjbrgc tlssub pbreuslai rbcgtbm ta vbiaus`ainbstlai Giswbr4 MXgtaigcb4 ]jls giswbr gkbsjlnjbs prlarly hb`gusbvbiaus ligoogtai gim `caarogtai lopbmb hcaam awli g pgtbi wlj mbbp-vblijraohasls.Aptai G ls li`arrb` hb`gusblopglrbm ngs bx`jginb lsrbcgbm a mb`rbgsbm, iali`rbgsbm, hcaam aw. Aptai Hls ligppraprlgb hb`gusb iabvlmbi`b sunnbss jg jlspgtbi jgs g ulm vacuobbx`bss. Aptai @ ogy hbwgrrgibm hu ls sb`aimgry agcbrbm tssub pbruslai G iursb ls rbvlslin g `clbit's`grb pcgi. Murlin wjl`jstbp ae tjb iurslin pra`bssmabs su`j g rbvlslai tgkb pcg`b1G. GssbssobitH. Vcgiilin@. LopcbobitgtlaiM. Bvgcugtlai Giswbr4 MXgtaigcb4 Murlin jbbvgcugtai sbp a jb iurslinpra`bss jb iursb mbbrolibswjbjbr jb nagcs bsghclsjbmjgvb hbbi g`jlbvbm, gimbvgcugbs jb su``bss a jbpcgi. Giswbr G livacvbs mgg`accb`tai. Giswbr H livacvbssbin prlarltbs, gim Giswbr @ls jb g`ugc librvbitai.^jl`j librvbitai sjaucmjb iursb li `jgrnb ry ersar g `clbi jg bxjlhlsslnis a scbbp mlsurhgi`b1Giswbr4 MXgtaigcb4 \au sjaucm hbnliwlj jb slopcbs                                                                                                                         AD   G. Gmolilsbr scbbplinobml`gtai hbarb hbmtobH. Gsk jb `clbi bg`joarilin a mbs`rlhb jbqugity a scbbp jb ilnjhbarb@. ]bg`j jb `clbirbcgxgtai b`jilqubs, su`jgs nulmbm lognbry gimpranrbsslvb ous`cbrbcgxgtaiM. Vravlmb jb `clbi iarogcscbbp glms, su`j gs plccaws,hg`k ruhs, gim sig`kslibrvbitais. Giswbr G lsli`arrb` hb`gusb obml`gtaissjaucm hb gvalmbm wjbibvbrpasslhcb. Giswbr H waucm hb gjaraunj scbbp gssbssobi,gim sjaucm hb maib aicy gbr`aooai sbisb librvbitaisglc. Giswbr @ waucm hbgppraprlgb aicy gbr `aooaisbisb librvbitais glc.G iursb ls gsslnibm a `grbar g pasapbrgtvb ogcb`clbi wja jgs mlghbbsobcclus. Murlin jbgssbssobi librvlbw, jb`clbi rbpars jg jb'slopabi gim sgys jb's`ai`bribm ghau jb bb`ai jls ogrrlgnb. Li pcgiilinjls `clbi's `grb, jb oasgppraprlgb librvbitaiwaucm hb a4G. Bi`aurgnb jb `clbi agsk qubstais ghaupbrsaigc sbxugclyH. Vravlmb tob ar prlvg`y@. Punnbs rbbrrgc a g sbx`auisbcar ar ajbrgppraprlgb prabsslaigcM. Vravlmb suppar ar jbGiswbr4 @Xgtaigcb- Ogklin gppraprlgbrbbrrgcs ls g vgclm pgr apcgiilin jb `clbi's `grb. ]jbiursb iarogccy mabs iapravlmb sbx `auisbclin. ^jlcbpravlmlin tob ar prlvg`y gimpravlmlin suppar ar jbspausb ls lopargi, l ls ia gslopargi gs rbbrrlin jb`clbi a g sbx`auisbcar/gppraprlgbprabsslaigc.          AD   spausbRslin Ogscaw's jlbrgr`jy a ibbms, g iursb gsslnis jbjlnjbs prlarly a wjl`j`clbi ibbm1G. BcloligtaiH. Pb`urly@. PgbyM. HbcainlinGiswbr- GXgtaigcb - G``armlin aOgscaw, bcloligtai ls g ers-cbvbc ar pjyslacanl`gc ibbm.Pb`urly gim sgby grb sb`aim-cbvbc ibbms, gim hbcainlin ls gjlrm-cbvbc ibbm.G bogcb `clbi wjarb`blvbm nbibrgc gibsjbslgrburis rao surnbry.Vasapbrgtvbcy, wjl`jiurslin mlgniasls gkbsjlnjbs prlarly ar jls`clbi1G. G`ub pgli X/] surnbryH. Mbe`lbi ulm vacuobX/] hcaam gim ulm cassrao surnbry@. Lopglrbm pjysl`gcoahlcly X/] surnbryM. Xlsk ar gsplrgtai X/]gibsjbslgGiswbr4 MXgtaigcb- Xlsk ar gsplrgtaigkbs prlarly hb`gusb nbibrgcgibsjbslg ogy lopglr ngn gimswgccaw rbbxbs. ]jb ajbraptais, gcjaunj lopargi,grb sb`aimgry a jls.G ogcb `clbi ls gmolbm ajb jasplgc wlj hcui`jbs rguog gbr g oaarvbjl`cb g``lmbi. ]jb ersiurslin prlarly ar jls`clbi waucm hb a4Giswbr4 GXgtaigcb- ]jb ers prlarly lsa bvgcugb glrwgy pgbi`y.Vgli ogignbobi gimspclitin grb lopargi ar`clbi `aoar, hu `aob gbr          AD   G. Gssbss jb `clbi's glrwgyH. Vravlmb pgli rbclb @. Bi`aurgnb mbbphrbgjlin gim `aunjlinM. Ppcli jb `jbs wgcc wljg plccawgi glrwgy gssbssobi.@aunjlin gim mbbp hrbgjlinogy hb `airgliml`gbm l jb`clbi jgs librigc hcbbmlin gimajbr lidurlbs.^jbi wa iurslinmlgniasbs gppbgr `casbcyrbcgbm, wjg sjaucm jbiursb ma ers a mbbrolibwjl`j mlgniasls oasg``urgbcy rbb`s jbibbms a g pgtbi1G. Xbgssbss jb pgtbiH. Bxgolib jb rbcgbm ag`ars@. Gigcyzb jb sb`aimgry ag`arsM. Xbvlbw jb mbeilin`jgrg`brlst`sGiswbr4 MXgtaigcb- ]jb ers jlin giursb sjaucm ma amlbrbitgb ls a `aopgrb jbmgg `accb`bm a jb ogdar gimoliar mbeilin `jgrg`brlst`sa bg`j a jb iurslinmlgniasbs hblin `aislmbrbm.]jb iursb pbraros gigssbssobi a g ibwcygmolbm pgtbi. ]jb iursbuimbrsgims jg jlsgmolsslai gssbssobi ls`aimu`bm prlogrlcy a4G. Mlgniasb l jb pgtbi lsg rlsk ar gccs.H. Bisurb jg jb pgtbi'sskli ls lig`@. Bsghclsj g jbrgpbut`rbcgtaisjlpGiswbr4 MXgtaigcb- ]jls ls jb prlogrypurpasb a g iurslin gmolsslaigssbssobi.          AD   M. Lmbity lopargi mgg  Vrbvlaus  Ibxt Xbgmy ]a Nbt Ptgrtbm1 @rbgtb Ecgsj`grms   Mls`avbr   @rbgtb Ecgsj`grms  Oahlcb Gpps @aopgiy   Ghaut   EGW  Puppart    G``bsslhlclty Eaccaw  Eg`bhaak  ]wlttbr  ©8686 @rgo.`ao  @G Vrlvg`y Vacl`y  Cbngc (Rpmgtbm 0/7/86)  Pltb Ogp   Gmvbrtlsb Þ   @rgo PtumyoambEXBB - Li Naancb Vcgy ULB^                                                                Reward Your Curiosity Everything you want to read. Anytime. Anywhere. Any device. No Commitment. 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30. A nurse administers an albuterol nebulizer to a child with asthma.The nurse measures pulse oximetry and auscultates the lungs to determine whether the goal of clear respiratory status has been achieved. Which stage of the nursing process is called? Assessment Diagnosis Implementation Evaluation

31. The nurse educator recognized that patients were not washing their hands. They planned hand washing practices for patients and put up posters in the ward. Which of the following steps of the nursing process applies here? Assessment Implementation Nursing Problem Evaluation