NFPA 72 Fire Alarm Training.pdf fire detection system

nfpa 72 tranning seassion. it describe detection system

1. FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
TRAINING
In accordance with NFPA 72
(Fire Alarm and Signaling Code)
Mehboob Shaikh
M. Tech | B. Eng. | AMIE | CFPS | CFI
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
•Knowtheoriginandevolutionofcodesandstandardsrelatedtofire
alarmsystems
•Befamiliarwithcommondefinitionsandterminology
•Acquireabasicunderstandingoftheconfigurationandoperationof
thevarioustypesoffirealarmsystems
•KnowtherequirementsofNFPA72,theNationalFireAlarmand
SignalingCodeandNFPA70,theNationalElectricCodeorNEC.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

3. TRAINING OUTLINE
•Understanding NFPA 72 Code Structure
•Understanding Basics of Fire Alarm Technology and Code Requirements
•Understanding Design and Installation Practices per Code Requirements
•Understanding Inspection, Testing and Maintenance Requirements of
Fire Alarm System and its Code Compliance
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

4. NFPA 72
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
CODE STRUCTURE

5. CHAPTERS & STRUCTURE
Chapter-1:Administration
Chapter-2:ReferencedPublication
Chapter-3:Definitions
Chapter-4:Reserved
Chapter-5:Reserved
Chapter-6:Reserved
Chapter-7:Documentation
Chapter-8:Reserved
Chapter-9:Reserved
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 5
Administrative Chapters

6. CHAPTERS & STRUCTURE
Chapter-10:Fundamentals
Chapter11-Reserved
Chapter12-CircuitsandPathways
Chapter13-Reserved
Chapter14-Inspection,Testing&Maintenance
Chapter15-Reserved
Chapter16-Reserved
Chapter17-Initiatingdevices
Chapter18-NotificationAppliances
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 6
Support Chapters

7. CHAPTERS & STRUCTURE
Chapter19-Reserved
Chapter20-Reserved
Chapter21–EmergencyControlFunction
Chapter22-Reserved
Chapter23–ProtectedPremisesFirealarmSystem
Chapter24-EmergencyCommunicationSystem
Chapter25-Reserved
Chapter26–SupervisingStationAlarm
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 7
System Chapters

8. CHAPTERS & STRUCTURE
Chapter27–PublicEmergencyAlarmReporting
Chapter28–Reserved
Chapter29–Single&multiplestationalarmsandhouseholdfirealarm
systems
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 8
System Chapters

9. CHAPTERS & STRUCTURE
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE)
Annexure-A
Annexure-B
Annexure-C
Explanatory Materials-Not the part of Code
Engineering Guide
System Performance and Design Guide
9
Annexure-D
Annexure-E
Annexure-F
Speech Intelligibility
Sample Ordinance
Wiring Diagram & Guide for testing fire alarm
Ckt.

10. SECTION –01
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
FUNDAMENTALS

11. EQUIPMENTS
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
What Exactly this listing means ?

12. What is Listing & Listing Requirements
•AGlobalSafetyConsultingand
CertificationCompany.
•ULinoneoftheseveralcompanies
approvedtoperformsafetytestingbyUS
federalagencyOccupationalSafetyand
HealthAdministration(OSHA)
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

13. What is Listing & Listing Requirements
•Thismeansthatequipmentmustbelistedfor
specificfirealarmsystemapplicationforwhich
itisused.
•Furthermore,equipmentmustbeinstalled&
usedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoflisting
andwiththemanufacturer’spublished
instructions,whichareusuallyincludedasthe
basisofequipmentlisting.
•Themanufacturer’sinstructionsshouldbe
consultedasastartingpointforanylisting
issuesthatmayarise.
•Thelistingagencyandassociatedproduct
listingdirectoriespublishedbythelisting
agencyaretheadditionalsourcestobe
consulted.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

14. Role of FM Global
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
FMGlobalacceptsequipment,Materials&
servicesforapprovalstestingbasedupon
twogeneralprinciples:
1.Theymustbeusefultotheendof
propertyconservationbypreventing,
limiting,ornotcausingdamageunder
theconditionsoftheapproval.
2.Theymustbereadilyidentifiableand
availableinthemarketplace.

15. FireProtectionProductsintheOSHAlistofNationally
RecognizedTestingLaboratories(August2019)
Testing Laboratory Products
CSA Group Testing and Certification •Firepumpsandelectricalaccessories
•Controlunits,cables,andamplifiersforfirealarm
andprotectionsystem
FM Approvals •Automatic and ESFR fire sprinklers
•Plastic pipe and fittings for fire protection service
•Foam, dry chemical, and carbon dioxide fire
extinguishers
•Heat detectors
•Fire alarm control panels, signaling devices, and
detection product
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
https://www.osha.gov/nationally-recognized-testing-laboratory-program/current-list-of-nrtls

16. FireProtectionProductsintheOSHAlistofNationally
RecognizedTestingLaboratories(August2019)
Testing Laboratory Products
Intertek Testing Services NA, Inc. •Thermoplastic pipe and gasketed joints for fire
protection service
•Foam and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers
•Fire doors
•Alarm valves for fire protection
•Detectors, boxes, and accessories for fire alarm
systems
•Foam fire extinguishers
•Fire pumps and controllers
NSF International PVC and thermoplastic pipe and fittings for fire
protection service
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

17. FireProtectionProductsintheOSHAlistofNationally
RecognizedTestingLaboratories(August2019)
Testing Laboratory Products
QAI Laboratories, LTD •Fire door assemblies
Southwest Research Institute •Plastic pipe for fire protection service
•Fire doors and dampers
•Flame arrestors
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

18. FireProtectionProductsintheOSHAlistofNationally
RecognizedTestingLaboratories(August2019)
Testing Laboratory Products
Underwriters Laboratories Inc. •Fire sprinklers, including residential and ESFR
•Sprinkler system pipe (metal, thermoplastic, and
underground), flexible fittings, and adjustable
nipples
•Alarm, pressure-reducing, check, and fire pump
relief valves
•Fire alarm system signaling, power, amplification
•Dry chemical, foam, and carbon dioxide fire
extinguishers
•Fire doors
•Fire pumps and accessories
•Indicating pressure gauges for fire protection
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

19. Concept of Fire Detection
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

20. Concept of Fire Detection
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

21. Case Study
OnMarch14,2018,afirebrokeoutinaHorn
Lake,Mississippihome,resultinginthedeath
ofonepersonandinjuriestofiveothers
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

22. Case Study
KeyTakeaways:
1.Whenfirefightersarrived,theyencounteredthicksmokeandintenseheatthatrequiredtheuseof
athermalimagingcameratolocateandrescuetheotherresidents.
2.Upon investigation, an overloaded electricalcircuitappearedtobethecause.
3.Significanttothiseventwasthelackofanywarningtotheoccupantsfromasmokealarm.One
waslocatedinthehome,butitwasstoredinabox,disconnected,andwithoutabattery.
4.Theresidentwhoattemptedtofightthefirestatedthatthevictimprobablyremovedthedetector
becauseofitactivatingeverytimeapersontookashower
IntheJanuary2019NationalFireProtectionAssociation(NFPA®)reportSmokeAlarmsinU.S.Home
Fires,2016datafromtheU.S.FireAdministration’sNationalFireIncidentReportingSystemand
NFPA’sannualfiredepartmentsurveystatedthattheriskofdyinginafiredecreasedbymorethan
halfinhomesthathadworkingsmokealarmsasopposedtothosehomesthatdidnothaveasmoke
alarmorhadasmokealarmthatdidnotoperate.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

23. Components of Fire Alarm System
Detection Control Notification
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

24. FIRE ALARM CONTROL PANELS
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

25. Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP)
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
ControlsforthesystemarelocatedintheFACUThe
FACUcanalsoperformotherfunctions,suchas:
•Providingtwo-wayfirefightercommunication
•Providingremoteannunciatorintegration
•Controllingelevators,HVAC,firedoors,dampers,
locks,orotherfireprotectionfeatures

26. Fire Alarm Control Unit
•Oneofthemostimportantpartsofanyfirealarmsystemisthefire
alarmcontrolunit,orasitismorefrequentlycalled,thefirealarm
controlpanel,whichisoftendescribedasthe“brain”ofthesystem.
•Overthepast45orsoyears,firealarmcontrolpaneltechnologyhas
evolvedfromsimple,singlezone,relay-typeunitsthatringoneor
morebellstologiccircuit-typemultiplezoneunitsthatprovide
additionalsysteminformationandcapabilitiestosophisticated
microprocessor-basedsoftware-drivenpanelsthatinterfaceand
controlotherbuildingandlifesafetysystems
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

27. Earlier Generation FACPs
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
UsedConventionalTechnology
tolinktomanualfirealarmboxes
andbellstoprovidecodedornon-
codedalarmsignalsforevacuation
Usedtwo-wirecircuitstoestablish
initiatingdeviceandnotification
appliancezones
Dependingonthearrangementof
thewiringanddevices,abreakin
awirecouldrenderanydevice
beyondthebreakinoperative.

28. Later Generation FACP
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
Conventionaltechnologypanelsfeatured
modularequipmentwithsmallerelectronic
components,logicorrelaycircuits,two-and
four-wirecircuitstosupportinitiatingdevices
andnotificationappliances,andexpanded
performanceandsystemmonitoringcapabilities
Thefour-wiresystemsprovidedahigherlevel
ofreliabilitybecausethesetuptypically
allowedfortwowirestopowerthedeviceand
twotoinitiatethealarm,whereasinmost
otherwiringconfigurations,abreakinthewire
oradevicefailurewoulddisableotherdevices
fromoperating.

29. Is replacement possible with new generation
Panels ?
Thegoodnewsisthatwhenaconventionalpanelrequiresreplacing,in
someinstances,manyofthenew-generationpanelscanbeinstalled
withexistingtwo-andfourwiresystemsthatutilizeinterfacemodules
andsoftwaretocommunicatewiththefielddevicessoentiresystems
donothavetobereplaced.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

30. Latest Generation FACP
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
Utilizestate-of-the-artelectronics,microprocessors,and
intelligentsoftwarethatprovidespecificinformation
concerningdeviceidentificationandalarmlocationand
type.
Itiscommonlyreferredtoasaddressabletechnology,
intelligenttechnology,ormultiplextechnology
Addressable/intelligenttechnologyisveryversatile,able
tosupportallsizesoffirealarmsystems,andextremely
valuabletofirstresponders,inspectors,building
engineers,andservicetechniciansbecauseinformation
concerningthespecificinitiatingdevice—suchasthe
exactlocationofthedeviceand,insomeinstances,the
associatedproblem—isimmediatelyavailable

31. Types of Fire Alarm Signals
Fire alarm systems may provide three types of signals:
(1) Alarm,
(2) Supervisory
(3) Trouble
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
Detect the
Presence of fire
Notify to
occupants
Notify to FD
Operate Other
Fire safety system

32. Alarm Signal
•Whenanalarmsignalsoundsinabuilding,itisalertingoccupants
thereisafireemergency.Thealarmsignalshouldspurtheoccupants
toimmediatelyleavethebuilding,callthefiredepartment,ortake
otherappropriateactiontoensurelifesafety.
•Alarmsignalsmustsoundwithin10secondsofamanualorautomatic
initiationdeviceactivationsuchasamanualfirealarmbox,afire
detector,orawaterfloworpressureswitch.
•Dependingonthefirealarmsystem,thissignaleitherwill
automaticallybetransmittedoffsitesotheappropriateactioncanbe
undertakenbythereceivingpartyormightrequirethataperson
makecontactwiththefiredepartmenttorespond.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

33. Supervisory Signals
•Thesupervisorysignalsoundswhenthereisachangeinthenormalready
statusofotherfireprotectionsystemsordevicesthatareconnectedtoor
integratedwiththefirealarmcontrolpanel.
•Thetypicalsupervisorysignalsoundsaconstanttone,beep,orbuzzusually
accompaniedbyavisibleindication(lamp,LED,ortextinformation)onthe
firealarmcontrolpaneland,ifinstalled,theannunciator.
•Inmanybuildings,thefirealarmcontrolpanelelectricallymonitors
sprinklersystemcontrolvalves;drypipesprinklersystemairpressure;fire
pumpstatus;airtemperatureofasprinklersystemvalveroom;water
temperature,level,andpressureinawaterstoragetank;and,insome
configurations,ductsmokedetectoroperation.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

34. Supervisory Signals
For example,
•Achangeinthenormalstatusofasprinklersystemcontrolvalve
couldindicatesomeoneclosedavalve,thuscuttingoffthewater
supplytothesprinklersystem.Thisactmayhavebeenaccidental,
malicious,ornecessaryforserviceormaintenanceactivities.
•Byelectronicallysupervisingthevalve,thoseresponsiblecaninitiate
animmediateresponseandinvestigationtodeterminethenatureof
theincident.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

35. Trouble Signals
•Itsoundswhenthereisaproblemwiththesystem’sintegrity,suchas
apowerorcomponentfailure,deviceremoval,communicationfault
orfailure,groundfault,orbreakinthesystemwiring.
•Itiscommonforthetroublesignaltousethesameaudiblesignaland
visibleindicatorasthesupervisorysignaltonotifythatthereisa
conditionrequiringattention.
•Systemproblemsthatgenerateatroublesignalshouldbe
investigatedandresolvedassoonaspracticalbybuilding
maintenanceorengineeringpersonnelbecausetroubleconditions
maypreventinitiationorreceptionofalarmsignals.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

36. Trouble Signals
•Manytimes,atroublesignalisacknowledgedandforgotten,but
newerfirealarmsystemsmustsoundthetroublesignalevery24
hoursuntiltheproblemisresolved.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

37. Types of Fire Alarm Signals
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
Signal Type Possible Conditions Action Required
Alarm The following conditions may exist:
•Automaticwaterflowdevice(i.e.,flowswitch)
•Manualfirealarmstation(i.e.,pullstation)
•Automaticfiredetectors(i.e.,smokeorheatdetectors)
Indicatesanemergencythatrequires
immediateaction,suchasasignal
characteristicofafire.
Supervisory The following conditions may exist:
•Controlvalveswitch
•High/lowairpressureswitch
•Watertanklevelandtemperatureswitches
•Lowwaterpressureforpublicwatersupplies
•Lowbuildingtemperatureswitch
•Alarmlinevalveposition
Indicatesthatactionmustbetakenbyan
on-sitesupervisingguardtoinspectthe
firesuppressionsystemsorequipment,or
themaintenanceofrelatedsystems
Trouble The following conditions may exist:
•Lossofprimarypower(120VAC)
•Lossofsecondarypower(backupbattery)
•Abreakinthewiringtoaninitiatingdevice,oranopenor
shortedconditiononanotificationappliance(NAC)orrelease
circuit.
Indicatesaproblemwiththefirecontrol
panelorassociatedwiring,whichmay
causefaultysystemoperation.

38. Events: ALARM or FIRE ALARM event
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
A Warning of Fire Danger :
Asignalinitiatedbyafire
alarm‐initiatingdevicesuchasa
manualfirealarmbox,automaticfire
detector,waterflowswitch,orother
deviceinwhichactivationisindicative
ofthepresenceofafireorfire
signature.

39. Events: Supervisory event
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
A Warning of Sprinkler or other
Fire System Impairment :
Aninitiatingdevicesuchasavalve
switch,waterlevelindicator,orlowair
pressureswitchonadrypipesprinkler
systeminwhichthechangeofstate
signalsanoffnormalcondition..

40. Events: Trouble event
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
A warning of fire alarm system
impairment :
Asignalinitiatedbythefirealarm
systemordeviceindicativeofafaultin
amonitoredcircuitorcomponent.

41. Events: Monitor event
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
A indication the system has a
monitor event active.
Asignalinitiatedbythefirealarm
systemwhenadeviceprogrammedfor
monitorisactive.Amonitormessage
existinthedisplayqueue.

42. Events: Ground Fault event
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
A warning the system has a
ground fault active..
Asignalinitiatedbythefirealarm
systemwhena‘live’conductorhasa
lowimpedanceconnectiontoground.
Troubleisalsoactive

43. Events: Signal Silence
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
A user initiated action to
silence all the alarm signals
on the system.
•ThesignalsilenceLEDturnson
steadywhenthesignalsaresilenced.
•Signalsilenceputsthesystemin
trouble.

44. Acknowledge / Panel Silence
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
A user initiated action to
silence the panel’s internal
signal.

45. Reset
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
A user initiated action
intended to restore the
system to normal..
PressingRESETstartsthereset
sequence.Duringreset,theLED
flashes.Tocompletesuccessfully,all
devicesandcircuitsmustbenormal.

46. Drill
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
A user initiated action to
sound a fire drill signal.
•The drill LED turns on when drill is
active.
•Drill activates only the audible and
visible signals.

47. Remote Disconnect
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
A user initiated action to turn
off the connection to a
central monitoring station.
•TheremotedisconnectLEDturnson
steadywhenthecentralstationis
turnedoff.
•RemoteDisconnectputsthesystem
introuble..

48. Circuits and Wiring
❖InitiationDeviceCircuit
❖SignalingLineCircuit
❖NotificationAppliancesCircuit
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
Use with Conventional Technology
Use with Addressable Technology
Use with Both

49. Circuits and Wiring
CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM
VS
ADDRESSABLE SYSTEM
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

50. Conventional System
•Conventionalfirealarmsystemsarecomprisedofinitiatingand
notificationzones.Thenumberofinitiatingzones(initiatingdevice
circuits)defineshowlargethesystemcanbe.Thezonesaregenerally
assignedtoaspecificfunction(i.e.,pullstation,waterflowswitch,
etc.)orcoverageographicalareaforsmokeandheatdetection.Most
conventionalzonesuseatwo-wireschemewithanendofline
resistorforsupervisioncommonlyreferredtoasanIDC(Initiating
DeviceCircuit).TheIDCconnectsanautomaticormanualinitiating
devicetoazoneoramonitoringmodule.
CFPS Exam Preparation-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE)

51. Addressable Systems

52. Addressable Systems

53. Addressable Systems
FACP
Each SLC loop can contain a variety of addressable
devices. Non-addressable devices are connected via
addressable module.
FIREFIRE
SILENT KNIGHT
Addressable
Pull Station
Addressable
Heat Detector
4.7K
EOLR
Addressable
Smoke Detector
Addressable
Input Module
(Waterflow)
Addressable
Smoke Detector
Addressable
Relay Module
(Fan Shutdown)
NAC #1

54. SLC (Signaling Line Circuit) -Loop

55. Comparison

56. Circuits and Wiring
TWO WIRE VSFOUR WIRE
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
CLASS ACLASS B

57. INITIATING DEVICES
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

58. Initiating Devices
•Aninitiatingdeviceinterfaceswiththefirealarmcontrolpanelto
providemanualorautomaticmeansofactivatingfirealarmand
supervisorysignals.Manualactivationrequiresapersontooperate
theinitiatingdevice.Automaticactivationoccurswhentheproducts
ofcombustionoraneventassociatedwithafireautomatically
activatestheinitiatingdevice.
•Thereareanumberofdifferentoperatingprinciplesforautomatic
activation,includingthermalsensitivity,aspirating,detectionof
productsofcombustionorradiantenergy,movementofwater,
changesinairpressure,andsignalsfromautomaticextinguishing
systems.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

59. Manual Initiating Devices
•Themanualfirealarmboxistheonly
typeofmanualalarminitiating
device;itisknownbyanumberof
differentnames,includingmanual
box,manualpullbox,andmanualpull
station.
•Itiscriticalthatthesedevicesare
accessible,unobstructed,visible,and
consistentlylocatedsobuilding
occupantsandvisitorsareableto
recognizeandusethem.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

60. Manual Initiating Devices
•Thepurposeistoprovideamanualmeans
ofactivatingthefirealarmsystematthe
firstsignofafire.Still,activationofa
manualfirealarmboxdoesnotguaranteea
firedepartmentresponse,asthefirealarm
systemsinmanyolderbuildingsarenot
monitoredbyanon-oroffsiteentitythat
wouldcallthefiredepartment.
•Therefore,inmanybuildings,thereare
cards,placards,orsignsmountedabovethe
manualfirealarmboxprovidinginstruction
tonotifythefiredepartmentaftersafely
exitingthebuilding.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

61. Manual Initiating Devices –Installation
requirements
•Toprovideforeasyreachwhenexitingabuilding,NFPA72®requires
manualfirealarmboxestobelocatedwithin5ftofanexit,mounted
between42and48in.abovethefloor,locatedoneachsideofanexit
openinggreaterthan40ftwide,andlocatedwithinevery200ftof
traveldistancemeasuredhorizontallyonthesamefloor.
•Ifthetraveldistanceexceeds200ft,additionalboxesarerequired.In
addition,manualfirealarmboxesshouldbecoloredredunlessthe
environmentprecludestheuseofothecolor
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

62. Manual Initiating Devices –Installation
requirements
•Inlocationswheremanualfire
alarmboxesaresubjectedtomoist,
damp,orwetenvironmental
conditions,theymustbelistedor
approvedfortheconditionsaswell
asappropriatelyprotectedtoavoid
problemswithcorrosion,rust,
electricalshorting,andgrounding.
•Forthesereasons,itiscommonto
seesometypeofprotectivecover
overthesedevices
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
Protectivecoversalsohelptodeterindividuals
frompullingtheboxtocreatefalseandmalicious
alarms.Manyofthesecoversincorporateabuilt-
inmini-hornorsirendevicepoweredbyabattery.
Oncethecoverislifted,themini-hornorsiren
soundsalocalalertratherthantyingintoafire
alarmsystem.

63. How to Operate MCP ?
•Allmanualfirealarmboxesoperateonthesamebasicprinciple:you
mustpullaleverontheboxtoinitiateanalarm.However,some
boxesmayhaveadditionaloperationalcharacteristicsand,according
tothesecharacteristics,mayfallintooneormoreofthefollowing
categories:
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
Coded Non-Coded
General AlarmPre-Signal
Break Glass
Non Break
Glass
Single Action Double Action

64. Non-Coded MCP
Whenactivated,thistypeofboxsimplyinitiatesanalarmuntilitis
reset.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

65. Coded MCP
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
Thistypeofboxisassignedacodethatsoundsfroman
audiblenotificationdevicewhenamechanicalorelectrical
drivenmotorturnsawheel.Apersoncandeterminewhich
boxisoperatingbycountingthecodethatissounding.
Forexample,ifaboxisassignedthecode
“415,”thenanaudiblenotificationdevice
suchasabellwillringfourtimes,pause,
ringonetime,pause,ringfivetimes,and
thenpauseagain.
Oncethecodeisrecognized,aperson
canlookattheannunciatororcompare
thenumbertoacodelisttodetermine
thelocationofthebox.Inaddition,the
systemmightrecordtheeventby
punchingthecodeontoapapertape
recorder,allowingrespondersorbuilding
personneltoverifythecodeorreview
thealarminformationlater

66. Other Types of MCPs
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

67. Other Types of MCPs
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

68. TIP
Inordertodetermaliciousmanualfirealarmboxactivation,some
boxeshaveatamperliquid,gel,orpowderappliedor
incorporatedthatoncetouched,adherestotheperson’sskinor
clothing.Thisdeterrentiscommonlyusedinschoolsandother
locationsthataresusceptibletomaliciousalarmsandhelpsto
identifywhoactivatedthefirealarmbox
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

69. Automatic Initiating Devices
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
Heat Detectors
Fixed Temperature Rate of Rise
Rate
compensation

70. Fixed Temperature
•Afixed-temperatureheatdetector
operateswhenasensingelement
withinthedetectorreachesa
predeterminedtemperature.Some
fixed-temperatureheatdetectors
useafusiblelinksensingelement
thatmeltswhenthepredetermined
temperatureismet,therefore
requiringthedetectororthe
detectionelementtobereplaced
afteractivation.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

71. What is Thermal Lag in Heat Detectors ?
•Fixedtemperatureheatdetectorsarethesimplesttypeofheat
detectorandaredesignedtoalarmwhenthesensingelement
reachesapredeterminedtemperature.(Actually,asprinklerhead
operatesuponthissameprinciple.)
•Generally,thesurroundingairtemperaturemustbeconsiderably
higherthantheheatdetectorratinginordertoraisetheheat
detectorelementtotheoperatingtemperature.Thisconditionis
knownasthermallag.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

72. Fixed Temperature
•Otherfixed-temperatureheat
detectorsusebimetalsensing
elements,whichincludedifferent
bondedmetalsthatexpandat
differentratesand,whenexposedto
increasingtemperatures,causethe
contactstoclose,sendingasignalto
thefirealarmpanel.Oncethe
temperaturereturnstoanormallevel,
thebimetalsensingelementreturns
toitsnormalshapeand,ifnot
damagedbyfire,isreadyforfuture
service.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

73. Line Type Heat detector( LTHD)
•Linetypeheatdetectorsarefrequentlyinstalled
inchallenginglocationsandenvironments
becausethedetector,intheformofacable,can
belaidtoconformtothephysicalconditions.
Someline-typedetectorsarerestorablebut
othersmayneedtobereplacedoratleasthave
thepartexposedtothefirereplaced.
•Therearedifferentkindsofline-typeheat
detectors,buttheyallbasicallyconsistofsensing
elements(e.g.,conductorsinaspecialcable)
surroundedbymaterialsthatchangecondition
whenexposedtoheat,causingtheelementsto
makecontactorbecomeconductive.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

74. Line Type Heat detector( LTHD)
•Newertechnologyusesfiber-opticcablethatsendsalightsource
throughthecable.Whentherearechangesinthelightsource
parametersduetothetemperaturechange,thecabledistorts,causing
analarm.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

75. Rate of Rise
•Arate-of-risedetectorisaheatdetectorthatuses
pneumaticorelectronicmethodstomonitorhowmuch
temperaturechangetakesplaceoverafixedamountof
time.
•Whenthetemperaturerisesatarateexceedingthefixed
amounteither5°Fin20secondsorbetween12°Fand
15°Fperminute,regardlessofthestarting
temperature—asignaltransmitstothefirealarmcontrol
panel.
•Thepneumaticrate-of-risedetectorscanbelinearor
spot-typedetectors,bothofwhichuserubber
diaphragmstoinitiateanalarm.Changesintemperature
aredetectedwhenheatexpandstheairinatubethat
exertspressureonthediaphragm(linetype)orwhenthe
airinthediaphragmisheated(spottype)
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

76. Rate of Rise
•Oncethediaphragmisheated,itenlargestoclose
electricalcontactsconnectedtothefirealarm
system.
•Theelectronicrate-of-risedetectorsdetect
temperaturechangethroughtheuseofa
semiconductorcomponent(thermistor)that
respondstoincreasedtemperaturebyincreasing
electricalresistance.
•Rate-of-risedetectorstypicallydetecttemperature
changesmorerapidlythanfixed-temperature
detectorsand,therefore,maynotbeappropriatein
locationswherenormalambientconditionsdictate
ratesoftemperaturechangethatcouldcausefalse
alarms.Inaddition,althoughrate-of-risedetectors
areusuallyrestorableafterafire,theymayneed
sometimetocooldownbeforetheycanbereset.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

77. Rate Compensation
•Rate-CompensationHeatDetectors.Therate
compensationdetectorisatypeofheatdetector
thatrespondstopredeterminedairtemperatures
andisnotdependentonratesoftemperature
change.Rate-compensationdetectorsaretypically
tubularanduseatwo-elementsensingsystem.
•Tocompensateforsloworfasttemperature
changes,thesensingelementsaremanufactured
withmetalsthataredesignedtoexpandat
differentrates.Duringaslowrateoftemperature
rise,thereismoretimeneededtoheattheinner
sensingelement,thusgivingtheentiredetector,
includingtheoutersensingelement,timetoreach
theratedtemperaturebeforeanalarmissounded
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

78. Rate Compensation
•Duringafastrateoftemperaturerise,it
takesmuchlesstimefortheoutersensing
elementtoheatthanitdoestheinner
sensingelement,resultingintheentire
deviceactivatinganalarmatalower
temperature.
•Thismethodofoperationcompensatesfor
thermallagconditionsassociatedwiththe
fixed-temperaturedetectors.Inaddition,
thesetypesofdetectorsarerestorable.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

79. Automatic Initiating Devices
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
Smoke Detectors
Ionization Photoelectric Air Sampling Duct Video
Light Scattering
Light
Obscuration
“SMELLS”
“SIGHTS”

80. Ionization
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

81. Photoelectric –Light Obscuration
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
This beam detector provides the light source to the companion
receiver on the other side of the protected area
Atypicalprojectionrangecanexceed300ftlongby60ftwide.

82. Cl. 17.7.3.7 –Projected Beam Detectors
•Beamdetectorsworkonthefollowingprinciples:
•Beamdetectorconsistsofsenderandreceiver
•Thesenderandreceiverbemountedfirmlytoavoidmovement
oftheprojectedbeamandpossibleunwantedalarms
•Theprojectedbeamremainunobstructedbystorage,ceiling-
mountedequipment,orotherobjectsthatwouldresultina
troubleconditionontheFACUandprohibitthedetectorsfrom
sensingsmoke.
82

83. Cl. 17.7.3.7 –Projected Beam Detectors
•Smokeobscurestheprojectedbeamandreducestransmissionofthe
infraredbeamtothereceiver
•Beamdetectorsareforindooruse,andaretobemountedtostable
surfaces
•Mirrorscanbeusedwithprojectedbeams,permanufacturer’s
instructions,providedthatmirrorsaremountedtostablesurfaces
83

84. Cl. 17.7.3.7 –Projected Beam Detectors
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 84
Activation of Alarm Signal

85. Cl. 17.7.3.7 –Projected Beam Detectors
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 85
•Assmokeobscuresthebeam,thereceiversensesadecreaseinthe
signalstrengthandmeasuresthatdecrease.Thereceivercompares
thesignallevelwithtwopresetthresholds:
–analarmthresholdthatissetusingthesensitivityswitchand
–atroublethresholdthatispresetatapproximately10%
•Ifthesignalfallsbelowthealarmthresholdfortheprogrammed
alarmperiod,thereceiversignalsanalarm.

86. Cl. 17.7.3.7 –Projected Beam Detectors
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 86
Activation of Trouble Signal

87. Cl. 17.7.3.7 –Projected Beam Detectors
•Wherethelightpathofaprojectedbeam–typedetectorisabruptly
interruptedorobscured,theunitshouldnotinitiateanalarm.It
shouldgiveatroublesignalafterverificationofblockage.
•Ifanobjectblocksthebeam,thesignalfallsbelowthetrouble
threshold.Ifthisconditionlastsformorethan20seconds,thereceiver
signalsatroublecondition.
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 87

88. Installation of Beam Type Detectors SMOOTH CEILING
88
The effects of stratification shall be evaluated when locating the detectors.

89. Air Sampling
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

90. Cl. 17.7.3.6 –Air Sampling Type Smoke
Detector -VESDA
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 90

91. Cl. 17.7.3.6 –Air Sampling Type Smoke
Detector -VESDA
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 91
Maximum air sample transport time from the farthest sampling port
to the detector shall not exceed 120 seconds.

92. Duct
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
Duct detector air sampling tubes.

93. Video
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
Analyzesthedigitalimagesandsenseschangesinpixels
beforethereareenoughsmokeparticlesforvisual
detection,makingdetectionmanytimesfasterthanwould
bepossiblewithastandarddetector.

94. Radiant Energy Fire Detectors
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

95. Gas Sensing Detectors
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

96. Signal Processing/Alarm Verification
Inanefforttoreducefalsealarms,mostmodernfirealarmsystemsand
smokedetectorshavethecapabilitytoimplementaprotocolthat
validatesthesmokeconditionbeforeafirealarmsignalsounds.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
Signal Processing
Alarm Verification
Checksthesmokewithinthedetectoratspecified
intervalstoensureitcontinuestoremainabovea
thresholdamount.Ifthesmokeremainsabovethe
thresholdamountfortherequiredtime,alarm
initiationtakesplace.
firealarmpanelreceivesasignalfromthesmokedetector
and,inturn,eithercutsthepowertothedetectoror,innewer
systems,ignoresthealarmsignalfornolongerthan1minute
toallowtheconditiontoclear.Ifafterthisverificationperiod
thesmokeconditionremains,thedetectorsendsasignalback
tothepaneltoalarm.

97. Water Flow initiating Devices
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

98. Alarm Pressure Switch Initiating Devices
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

99. Detectors Selection Criteria
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
DESIGN CONSIDERATION
Type of Activity False Alarm RiskFire RiskType of Area

100. Protected area/
type of area
Predominant use
of area
Fire risk(s)False alarm
risk(s)
Detector typeDetector
setting
Certified
mode(s)
chosen?
Fire strategy
met?
Comments/
action
Choose from:
Hotel bedroom
en-suite
Hotel bedroom
non en-suite
Hotel suite
Bedroom
dormitory style
Office cellular
Office open plan
Kitchen (main)
Kitchenette
Restaurant/
Canteen
Corridor
Escape route
Reception area
Lobby
Workshop (clean)
Workshop
(moderate)
Workshop (dirty)
Warehouse/
storage
Other: please
specify
Choose from:
Sleeping
Cooking
Unoccupied
Storage
nonflammable
Storage flammable
General office work
Meetings
Circulation route
Escape route
Manufacturing
Manufacturing (hot
works)
Assembly
Other: please
specify
Choose
from:
Smoldering
white smoke
Smoldering
dark smoke
Smoldering
changing to
flaming
Flaming (clean
burn)
Flaming (dirty)
Other: please
Specify
Choose from:
None
Steam
Toaster
Oven usage
Cooking
Dust
Smoking
Aerosol spray
Hot works
Other: please
Specify
Choose from:
Optical
Heat (static)
Heat (RoR)
Ionisation
Multisensor:
Optical/heat
Heat/CO
Optical/CO
Optical/heat/
CO
Other: please
specify
Optical beam
Linear heat
ASD Class C
ASD Class B
ASD Class A
Flame
Video
CO
Other: please
specify
Specify
Specify
Specify
Details as
appropriate
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

101. EXAMPLE FIRE RISKS
Fire risk detection key: very good = ★★★★★ good = ★★★★moderate = ★★★poor = ★★very poor = ★
Fire riskExample
fire(s)
Ionization
detection
Optical
(scatter)
detection
CO
detection
Heat
detection
Flame
detection
Typical
Multi sensor
detection,
Eg; optical
heat
Typical
Multi sensor
detection,
e.g.;
optical-heat-
CO
Smoldering
white smoke
Electrical fire★★ ★★★★★ ★ ★ ★ ★★★★★ ★★★★★
Smoldering
wood
★★★ ★★★★★ ★★★★ ★ ★ ★★★★★ ★★★★★
Smoldering
dark smoke
Smoldering
furnishings
★★ ★★★★ ★★★★★ ★ ★ ★★★★ ★★★★★
Smoldering
changing to
flaming
Waste paper
bin fire
★★★★ ★★★★ ★★ ★★ ★★★ ★★★★ ★★★★
Flaming
(clean burn)
Burning
solvents
★ ★ ★ ★★★ ★★★★★ ★★★ ★★★★
Flaming
(dirty)
Burning oils ★★ ★★★ ★★ ★★★ ★★★★★ ★★★★ ★★★★
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

102. EXAMPLE FALSE ALARM RISKS
Fire risk detection key: very good = ★★★★★ good = ★★★★moderate = ★★★poor = ★★very poor = ★
False Alarm
risk
Example
False
Alarm Causes
Ionization
detection
Optical
(scatter)
detection
CO
Rejection
Heat
Rejection
Flame
Rejection
Typical
Multi sensor
Rejection,
Eg; optical
heat
Typical
Multi sensor
Rejection,
e.g.;
optical-heat-
CO
Steam Shower or
bathroom
★★★★ ★★ ★★★★★ ★★★★ ★★★★★ ★★★ ★★★
Smoke Smoking,
kitchen/
cooking fumes
★ ★★★ ★★★★ ★★★★★ ★★★★★ ★★★ ★★★★
Dust Warehouse
★★★ ★★ ★★★★★ ★★★★★ ★★★★★ ★★★ ★★★
Other particulateAerosol
canister
products,
artificial
smoke
★ ★ ★★★★★ ★★★★★ ★★★★★ ★★★ ★★★★
Sparks/naked
Flames
Welding
★★ ★★ ★★★ ★★★ ★ ★★★★ ★★★★★
Substance IngressInsects
★★★ ★★★ ★★★★★ ★★★★★ ★★★★★ ★★★★ ★★★★★
High ambient
airflow
Air-conditioning,
open doors/
windows
★★ ★★★★★ ★★★★★ ★★★★★ ★★★★★ ★★★★★ ★★★★★
Rapid
thermal
change
Opening of
ovens
★★ ★★★★★ ★★★★★ ★ ★★★★★ ★★★★ ★★★★★
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

103. NOTIFICATION APPLIANCES
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

104. Operating Modes
There are two operating modes for alarm notification appliances:
(1) public operating mode and
(2) private operating mode
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

105. Fire Alarm Audibility Design Goals
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
In either cases, if the area is used for sleeping, the minimum SPL
required is 75 dBA

106. What is Average Ambient sound Level ?
It is over
“Timethatanypersonispresent,ora24-hourperiod,whichevertime
periodisthelesser.”
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

107. What is Max sound Level ?
Is it peak sound level …..?
NO !!
In acoustics, It is the maximum RMS value that lasts at least 60 seconds
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

108. Why RMS value and Not Peak ?
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
Theroot-mean-squarepressureismostoftenusedto
characterizeasoundwavebecauseitisdirectlyrelatedtothe
energycarriedbythesoundwave,whichiscalledtheintensity.
Theintensityofasoundwaveistheaverageamountofenergy
transmittedperunittimethroughaunitareainaspecified
direction

109. Measurement of RMS Value
Steps for calculating rmspressure Sample calculation
1.Measurethepressureatpointsalongthesoundsignal. 0, 2, 0, -2, 0, 2, 0, -2
2.Squarethemeasuredpressures. 0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 4
3.Averagethesquaredpressures
(0+4+0+4+0+4+0+4)/8 = 2
4.Takethesquarerootoftheaverageofthesquaredpressures √2 = 1.4
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

110. EXAMPLE
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

111. Annunciator Panels
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
Whenfirefightersarriveonafirescene,thefirst
arrivingunitstypicallyrespondtothemainentrance
oraddresssideofthebuildingtoinvestigateand
initiateoperationalactivities.Uponentryintothe
building,firefightersarelikelytoimmediatelylook
forapieceoffirealarmsystemequipmentknown
astheannunciatorpanel.
Theannunciatorpanelisatypeofnotificationor
indicatingdevicethatprovidesvaluableinformation
concerningtheinitiatingdevice,systeminvolved,
andareaofthebuildingwherethefireislocated.

112. Power Expander Panels
•Whenbuildingrenovationleadstofirealarmsystemchanges,
firesystemdesignersoftendiscoverexistingfirealarmcontrol
panelsdonothavethepowercapacitytosupportallofthe
additionalrequiredaudibleandvisualnotificationdevices.
Modern-daynotificationappliancesuseconsiderableelectrical
currenttooperate,soitisnotalwayspracticalorcost-effective
toplaceallofthepowerandcircuitsinthefirealarmcontrol
panel.
•Inaddition,iftheoriginalfirealarmsystemremains,additional
powertosupportexpansionorpowerdistributiontodevicesmay
becomeadesignissueowingtotherequirementstocomplywith
orimproveaccessibilityfeatures,ortheneedtopursuean
alternativedesignapproachbecauseofspace,location,and
accesslimitationsorconsiderations.Theseissuescanbe
resolvedwiththeinstallationofapowerexpanderpanelthat
providessupplementalpowertosupportthedevices.These
panelsarealsocallednotificationappliancecircuitpanels,NAC
panels,orNACpowersupplies.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

113. FIRE ALARM SYSTMS
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

114. Classifications
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

115. Single-and Multiple-Station, Combination, and
Household Signaling Systems
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

116. Central Station Service Alarm Systems
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

117. Communication with Central Monitoring System(CMS)
in Fire Alarm
IP
Communications
Radio
System
DACT
Digital Alarm Communicator
Transmitter (DACT)
(located at Fire Alarm System site)
Communication
Pathways
Primary Secondary
DACR
Transmitter
Receiver
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
8
From Telephone
Company
Premises phones
RJ-31X 8 pin modular
connector
Ring Signal
Tip Signal
In non Alarm
Condition
DACT seizes a phone line
Dials DACR phone number
Releases phone line
1
2
3
In Alarm
Condition
Gets a dial tone
The "off-hook" back to
"on-hook" time cannot
exceed 90 seconds per
attempt!
Must be PSTN
NFPA 72
2013,26.6.3.2
"off-hook"
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

118. Remote Supervising Station Alarm Systems
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

119. Proprietary Supervising Station Alarm Systems
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

120. Public Emergency Alarm Reporting Systems
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

121. Emergency Communications Systems
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

122. Emergency Communications Systems
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

123. System Requirements
Equipment Installation Monitoring Other Requirements
Local System Listed Not Listed Not Required None
Proprietary Station Listed Not Listed Listed or Not Listed Runner Service
Remote Station Listed Not Listed Listed or Not Listed None
Central Station Listed Not Listed Listed Runner Service
Auxiliary Listed Not Listed Public Communication
Center Street Boxes
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

124. Emergency Communications Systems
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

125. Interface with Other Systems
•UnlockExitDoor
•CloseDoors
•RecallandShutdownelevators
•TurnONorshutdownAHU
•StartupsmokeControlandmanagementequipment's
•CloseFireDampers
•MonitorandActivateFiresuppressionSystems
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

126. Interface with Other Systems
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

127. Elevator Nomenclature
Name Description Photo
Elevator
Hoistway
Anopeningthroughabuildingorstructureforthetravelof
elevatorsextendingfromthepitfloortotherooforfloor
above.
Elevator PitTheportionofthehoistwayextendingfromthesilllevelofthe
lowestlandingtotheflooratthebottomofthehoistway.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

128. Elevator Nomenclature
Name Description Photo
Shunt-Trip Shutdownofelectricpowertotheelevatorresultingfromheat
detectoractivationinthehoistwayorelevatormachineroom
priortosprinkleroperation.
Firefighter
Service
Function that allows firefighters to take control of elevators
through key access to use them as needed for firefighting and
rescue operations.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

129. Accordingtothe,
▪InternationalBuildingCode(IBC)
▪NFPA101,theLifeSafetyCode
▪ASME17.1,SafetyCodeforElevatorsandEscalators,
▪Elevatorhoistways,orshaftsastheyaresometimescalled,are
requiredtobeconstructedofmaterialsthatprovideatwo-hourfire
resistancerating.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
Elevator Construction

130. NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
Elevator Construction-Hoistway
Threestoriesorhigherarerequiredto
havesmokeventingofthehoistway
fortheremovalofsmokeandhotgases
duringafirecondition
Whensprinklersareinstalledinhoistways,heat
detectorshavetobeinstalledtoactivatepriortothe
sprinklerheadsandactivatetheshunt-tripfunctionofthe
elevatorcontrols
NFPA72,2013cl.21.3.6
IBC, Section 3006,Cl.
3006.2
InstallationofSDshallasper
thebelowclause

131. Elevator Construction-Pit
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
▪Sprinklercoverageisrequiredin
elevatorpitsforhydraulic
elevatorsthatuseflammable
hydraulicfluid
▪Iftheelevatorisnot
hydraulicornonflammable
fluidisused,thenno
sprinklerheadsandno
detectiondevicesare
requiredinthepit
NFPA72,2013cl.21.3.7
Smokedetectorinpitshallnot
beusedforrecallpurposeunless
listedforenvironment
NFPA72,2013cl.21.3.8

132. Elevator Construction-Machine
Room
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
▪Machine rooms must be constructed to the same or
greater rating as the elevator hoistway.
▪Plumbing systems other than sprinkler piping cannot
be located in elevator machine rooms because of all
of the electrical equipment located there
▪ASMEA17.1requiresthatanABC-ratedportablefire
extinguisherbelocatedinallelevatormachine
rooms.
▪NFPA101,2015,Cl.9.4.5theLifeSafetyCode,requires
elevatormachineroomswithatraveldistance
exceedingfiftyfeet(15m)abovethelevelofexit
dischargeorthirtyfeet(9.1m)belowthelevelofexit
dischargebeprovidedwithindependentventilation
orairconditioningsystemstomaintaintemperatures
duringfirefighteremergencyoperations

133. Elevator Construction-Machine
Room
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
▪Elevatormachineroomsareusually
sprinkled(UAEFLSC,Table9.30)
▪Becauseoftheelectricalequipmentin
theroom,havingwaterdischargefrom
thesprinklersystemcanbedamagingto
theequipment.
▪Wheninstallingsprinklersinthemachine
room,itisagoodideatohaveashutoff
valveinthesprinklerpipingjustoutside
themachineroomsothatthewatercan
beshutoffassoonasthefireis
extinguished.

134. What is Elevator Recall ?
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
Purposeofthisdetector
• To prevent an elevator car from opening
into a potential fire condition.
• Make the elevator car available for fire
service use.

135. Phase -1 Elevator Service
NFPA72
Requiressystemsmokedetectorslocatedin:
–Elevatorlobbies.
–Elevatormachinerooms.
–Hoistways(Sometimes).
–Connectedtobuildingfirealarmsystem.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

136. NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
Elevator Recall for Fighters Services
NFPA 72, 2013,Cl. 21.3
▪Buildingoccupantsshouldnotuseelevatorsduring
afireorwhenthebuildingfirealarmissounding.
▪Elevatorscanbeprogrammedtoberecalled
automaticallytodesignatedfloororalternatefloor
▪whenthefirealarmsysteminthebuildingis
activated,whichwillkeepbuildingoccupantsfrom
usingelevatorsduringafire.
▪Elevatorsaregenerallynotsafeforcivilianstouse
underfireconditions.Firefighters,however,maybe
abletouse.
▪elevatorstotransportpersonnelandequipmentifit
isdeterminedthatitcanbedonesafely.
WHY….?

137. NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
Elevator Recall for Fighters Services
NFPA 72, 2013,Cl. 21.3
Firealarminitiatingdevices(smokeorheatdetectors)
areinstalledateachelevatorfloor.
OR
Smokedetectors,heatdetectors,andsprinklerflow
switchesinorassociatedwithelevatorhoistwaysand
elevatormachineroomswillalsoactivateelevator
recall
Initiation…?
Should be within
21 ft. (Cl. 21.3.5)
Centerline of
Elevator
AsingleDetectorcan
coverThreeElevators
placedwithintheshaded
area….
NFPA 72, 2013,Cl.
21.3.14.1 & 21.3.14.2

138. ELEVATOR FIRE SERVICE
FUNCTION
❑Phase-1 Fire Fighter Service
❑Phase-2 Fire Fighter Service
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

139. ELEVATOR FIRE SERVICE
FUNCTION
❑Phase-1 Fire Fighter Service
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
A Three-position key
ThisswitchorFAdevicesareallowedto
initiateelevatorrecallphase-1operation
Inthe“Off”position,elevatorswilloperate
normallyandbecontrolledbythesmokeorheat
detectorsinthelobbies.
Inthe“Bypass”position,normalelevatoroperations
arerestoredregardlessofthestatusofelevatorlobby
detectors.
Inthe“On”position,allelevatorcarscontrolled
bytheswitch(usuallyonlythoseintheelevator
bank)willreturntothedesignatedlevelnon-stop
anddoorswillopenandremainopen

140. ELEVATOR FIRE SERVICE
FUNCTION
❑Phase-2 Fire Fighter Service
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
▪PhaseIIfirefighterservicepermitsfirefighterstomanuallytake
controloftheelevatorswithanoverridekeyElevatorswithPhase
IIoperationalsohavePhaseIelevatorrecallaswell.PhaseII
overridesallautomaticcontrols,includingthePhaseIrecall.
PhaseIIkeyswitchesarerequiredtorotateclockwisefrom
“Off”to“Hold”to“On.”

141. Item Description
Whenflashing,exitelevator
To operate car Insertfirekeyandturnto“ON”
Pressdesiredfloorbutton
TocancelFloorselectionPress“CALLCANCEL”button
To open power operated
Door
Pressandhold“DOORCLOSE”button
To close power operated
door
Pressandhold“DOOROPEN”button
To hold car at floorWithdoorsopen,turnkeyto“HOLD”
To automatically send
car to recall floor
Withdoorsopen,turnkeyto“OFF”
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
ELEVATOR FIRE SERVICE
FUNCTION-Phase II operational instructions

142. SECTION –02
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
DESIGN AND INSTALLATIONS

143. OCCUPANCY BASED REQUIREMENTS
Occupancy Manual Fire AlarmsAutomatic Fire Detection or
Smoke Alarms
Assembly X
Business X
Educational X
Factory/Industrial X
Hazardous X X
Institutional X X
Mercantile X
Residential X X
Storage
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
International Building Code(2018 Edition) Occupancy-Based Requirements

144. OCCUPANCY BASED REQUIREMENTS
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
NFPA 1, NFPA 101 & NFPA 5000 (2018 Edition) Occupancy-Based Requirements
NFPA 1 NFPA 101 NFPA 5000
ManualAlarm Automatic
Alarm
ManualAlarm Automatic
Alarm
ManualAlarm Automatic
Alarm
Assembly X X X X X
Business X X X
DayCare X X X X X X
Detention X X X X X X
Educational X X X
Health Care X X X X X X
HealthCare-
Ambulatory
X X X
Industrial X X X
Mercantile X X X
Residential
Apartments
X X X X X X

145. OCCUPANCY BASED REQUIREMENTS
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
NFPA 1, NFPA 101 & NFPA 5000 (2018 Edition) Occupancy-Based Requirements
NFPA 1 NFPA 101 NFPA 5000
ManualAlarm Automatic
Alarm
ManualAlarm Automatic
Alarm
ManualAlarm Automatic
Alarm
Residential–
Board and Care
X X X X X X
Residential–
hotel and
Dormitory
X X X X X X
Residential–
lodging and
Rooming
X X X X X X
Residential–
One and Two
family dwelling
X X X
Storage X X X

146. NFPA 72 Training-MehboobShaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE)
146
Documentation
Min.
Required
Documents
(MRD)
Design
documents
Installation
documents
Completion
Documents
T & C
Documents
•Written Narrative
•Layouts( RD, Plans etc)
•I/O Matrix
•Equipment details
•Calculations
•Completion/ITM Records etc.•Notification
•Detection
•RAD
•Performance based Docs
•Emergency response plan docs
•Evaluation Docs
•ShopDrawingswith
detailsetc.
•#7.2.3–Drawing
shallusesymbolas
describedinNFPA
170
•As built drawings
•O & M manuals
•Completion forms
•Record of Testing
and Commissioning

147. System Documentations
•DocumentationisoneofthemostimportantconceptsofNFPA72.It
isalsothemostfrequentlyignoredrequirement
•AllfirealarmsysteminstallationsshallhaveawrittenstatementRecordof
Completion
•Allowsyoutospecifyanydeviationsfromthecode
•Buildingownershallbeprovidedwithdocuments
•Arecordofmaintenance,inspectionandtestsshallbeprovided
•Dateworkwasperformed
•TestfrequencyfromNFPA72
•Statusofproblemsidentifiedduringteststatingownerwasnotified,problem
wascorrectedandsuccessfullyretested.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

148. NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 148

149. Fire Alarm Symbols and Terminology
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

150. Fire Alarm Symbols and Terminology
The1994editionofNFPA170representedthecompletionofaneffort
tocombinefourpreviouslyseparatedocumentsthatcoveredfiresafety
symbolsfordifferentpurposes
•NFPA171,PublicFiresafetySymbols
•NFPA172,FireProtectionSymbolsforArchitecturalandEngineering
drawings
•NFPA174,FireProtectionSymbolsforRiskAnalysisDiagrams
•NFPA178,SymbolsforFireFightingOperationsAlsorefertoNFPA72
Annexforfirealarmicons.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

151. Symbols for Control
Panel-NFPA 170
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 151

152. Symbols for Manual
station -NFPA 170
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 152

153. Symbols for Smoke
Detectors-NFPA 170
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 153

154. Fire alarm Documents Cabinet(FAD) # 7.7.2.2
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 154
UL Standard: S2580

155. Cl. 7.5.6 –Record of Completion
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

156. Cl. 7.5.6.6 –Revision
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

157. Cl. 7.5.6.7 –Electronic Record of Completion
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

158. Cl. 7.7 –Record, Record Retention & Record
maintenance
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

159. Electrical Workmanship Standards
•Firealarmsystemsareelectricalinnatureandtheinstallation
methodsaregovernedbytheNationalElectricCodeorNEC
•TheNECisdistributedbytheNationalFireProtectionAssociation
(NFPA)andisalsoreferredtoasNFPA70
•Thefirealarmcodemandateshowfirealarmdevicesandsystemsare
installedandcommonlyreferstotheelectricalcodeforinstallation
•Allfirealarmtechniciansmustbefamiliarwiththeinstallation
requirementsandmethodsdescribedintheNEC.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

160. Electrical Workmanship Standards
NEC Requirements :
•ShallbegroundedinaccordancewithArticle250
•Wiringshallbeinstalledinaworkmanship-likemanner
•Complywithchapters1-4unlessmodifiedbychapters5-8
•FirealarmsystemwiringrequirementsarespecificallylistedinArticle760
•Electricalrequirementsforclassifiedareasorthosethatcontaina
hazardousatmospherearelistedinArticle500
•RequirementsforfiberopticcablingandracewaysarelistedinArticle770.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

161. Wiring Fundamentals
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

162. Wiring Fundamentals
•Electricalworkmanshipstandardsareacriticalcomponenttotheproper
operationofanyelectricalsystem
•Allelectricalinstallationsareonlyasgoodastheconnectionsofwiringand
devices
•Aloosewireorbadconnectioncancreateintermittentfaultsthatare
difficulttolocateandcorrect
•Insomeinstallationswhereworkmanshipisnotaconsideration,itisless
laborintensivetoremovedandreplacethewiringthantrytolocatethe
fault
•Specialcareshouldbetakentomakeproperelectricalconnections
associatedwithafirealarminstallation.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

163. Wiring Fundamentals
Conduit Fill
•Electricalconduit,whetheritbemetalelectricalmetaltubing(EMT),
plastic(PVC),orflexibleconduit,eachhavetheirownmaximum
numberofelectricalwiresallowedintheconduit.Theirfillcapacities
aredifferent,eventhoughtheymaybethesamesizedconduit
•PVCisaplasticconduitthatisoftenusedforunderground
installationsandinwetareas
•EMTconduitisametalthinwalledthatcomesintenfootlengths
•Flexibleconduitisnormallymadeoftwistedmetalandisflexible
•Chapter9ofNECcontainstablestocalculateconduitfill.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

164. Wiring Fundamentals
Box Fill
•Boxfillisn'tjustthenumberofwiresinthebox—it'sthetotal
volumeoftheconductors,devices,andfittingsinabox
•Boxvolume-amountofspaceforconductors,devices,andfittings
•CalculateboxfillperNECTable314.16(B)
•CalculateboxvolumeperNECTable314.16(A).
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

165. Role of NEC
TheFireProtectiveSignalingSystemsportionofthecode(NECArticle
760)detailsthespecificrequirementsforwiringandequipment
installationforfireprotectionsignalingsystems.Specificationsinclude
installationmethods,connectiontypes,circuitidentification,andwire
types(includinggaugesandinsulation).
TheNEC®placesrestrictionsonthenumberandtypesofcircuit
combinationsthatcanbeinstalledinthesameenclosure.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

166. Scope of NEC 760
Thisarticlecoverstheinstallationofwiringandequipmentoffirealarm
systemsincludingallcircuitscontrolledandpoweredbythefirealarm
system.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

167. Power-Limited and Nonpower-Limited
Circuits
Power-LimitedFireAlarm(PLFA)Circuits.Apower-limitedfirealarm
circuitisonethatisinherentlyunabletoexceedmaximumvoltages,or
isequippedwithapower-limitingsource(transformerorbattery)anda
circuitbreaker.Generally,theseoperateinthe24-voltdirectcurrent
range,althoughtheymayemployhighervoltages
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

168. Power-Limited and Nonpower-Limited
Circuits
Nonpower-LimitedFireAlarm(NPLFA)Circuits.Nonpower-limitedfire
alarmcircuitscannotoperateatmorethan600volts,andthereisno
otherpowerorcurrentlimitationforthesesystems.Usuallytheseare
usedin120-voltalternatingcurrent(AC)systemswhichhavebeen
renderedgenerallyobsoletebytheadventoflow-voltage,direct
current(DC)systems.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

169. Types of Cable
▪Power-limitedfirealarm(FPL)cable:Power-limitednon-plenum-
ratedfirealarmcableisageneralpurposecablethatisnotratedfor
plenumspaces.
▪Power-limitedfirealarmriser(FPLR)cable:Power-limitedriser-rated
firealarmcableisinstalledwhereverticalcablerunsarerequired.
Thiscablemusthavelowflammability,butsmokegeneration
characteristicscanbehigherthanthoseforaplenum-ratedcable.
▪Power-limitedfirealarmplenum(FPLP)cable:Power-limited
plenum-ratedfirealarmcablecanbeinstalledinplenumsorother
similarspaces.Thiscablemustmeetstrictflammabilityrequirements
andmusthavelowsmokegenerationcharacteristics
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

170. Types of Cable
▪Nonpower-limitedfirealarm(NPLF)circuitcable:Non-power-limited
firealarmcableisforgeneralusebutnotforplenum,riser,ducts,or
spaceswherethereisenvironmentalair.
▪Nonpower-limitedfirealarmplenum(NPLFP)circuitcable:Non-
power-limitedfirealarmplenumcablecanbeinstalledinplenums,
ducts,andothersimilarspacesthatmustbefireresistantandmust
havelowsmokegenerationcharacteristics.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

171. Article 760.3
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
(A)SpreadofFireorProductsof
Combustion.Installationoffirealarm
circuitsmustcomplywith300.21.
Fire alarm circuits and equipment must comply with 760.3(A) through (0). Only those sections contained in Article 300
specifically referenced below apply to fire alarm systems.

172. Article 760.3
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
(B)DuctsandPlenumSpaces.Firealarmcables
installedinductsorplenumspacesmust
complywith300.22

173. Article 760.3
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
(J)NumberandSizeofConductorsinaRaceway.
Racewaysmustbelargeenoughtopermittheinstallation
andremovalofconductorswithoutdamagingconductor
insulation[300.17].

174. Question
Howmany18TFFNfixturewirescanbeinstalledintradesize ½
electrical metallic tubing?
(a)16
(b)18
(c)22
(d)38
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

175. Article 760.25
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

176. Article 760.41
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
Aplug-inpowersupplyforafirealarmcontrolunit.Theotherhalfofthe
duplexreceptacleshownispermittedonlytosupplyotherfirealarm–related
equipment.

177. Article 760.43
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

178. Article 760.45
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

179. Article 760.49
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

180. Article 760.127
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

181. Article 760.130
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

182. Article 760.130
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

183. Article 760.135
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
(B)DuctsSpecificallyFabricatedforEnvironmental
AirSpaces.Plenumratedpower-limitedfirealarm
(PLFA)cablesarepermittedtobeinstalledwithin
ductsspecificallyfabricatedforenvironmentalair
spacesinaccordancewith760.3(8)
Ex1ifthecableisdirectlyassociatedwiththeair
distributionsystemandcomplieswith(1)or(2)

184. Article 760.135
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
(C)PlenumSpaces.Plenum-ratedcables,
plenum-ratedracewayscontainingplenum-rated
cables,andTypesFPLP,FPLR,andFPLcablesin
accordancewith300.22(C)arepermittedin
plenumspaces.

185. Article 760.135
(H) Other Building Locations. The following power-limited fire alarm cables are permitted to be installed in
building locations:
(1) Types FPLP, FPLR, and FPL cables.
(2) Types FPLP, FPLR, and FPL cables installed in:
a. Plenum communications raceways.
b. Plenum cable routing assemblies.
c. Riser communications raceways.
d. Riser cable routing assemblies.
e. General-purpose communications raceways.
f. General-purpose cable routing assemblies.
(3) Types FPLP, FPLR, and FPL cables installed within a raceway of a type recognized in Chapter 3.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

186. Article 760.136
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

187. Article 760.136
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

188. Article 760.143
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

189. Article 760.154
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

190. Article 760.154
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

191. Article 760.179
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

192. Other NEC articles
•NECSections110.11and300.6(A),(B),and(C),Corrosive,Damp,orWetLocations
•NECSection300.21,SpreadofFireorProductsofCombustion
•NECSection300.22,Ducts,Plenums,andOtherAirHandlingSpaces
•NECArticles500through516and517,PartIV,LocationsClassifiedasHazardous
•NECArticle695,FirePumps
•NECArticle725,Remote-ControlandSignalingCircuits(BuildingControlCircuits)
•NECArticle770,FiberOptics
•NECArticle800,CommunicationsCircuits
•NECArticle810,RadioandTelevisionEquipment
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

193. Personnel Qualification
1.Personnelwhoareregistered,licensed,orcertifiedbyastateor
localauthority
2.Personnelwhoarecertifiedbyanationallyrecognizedcertification
organizationacceptabletotheauthorityhavingjurisdiction
3.Personnelwhoarefactorytrainedandcertifiedforfirealarm
systemdesignand/oremergencycommunicationsystemdesignof
thespecifictypeandbrandofsystemandwhoareacceptableto
theauthorityhavingjurisdiction.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

194. Power Supply
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

195. Power Supply
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
Twoindependentandreliablesourcesofpower
arerequiredtosupplyafirealarmsystem.
Typically,themainorprimarysourceofpoweris
suppliedbyapowerutility.
Primarypowercouldbesuppliedbyanengine-
drivengeneratororequivalentthatisunderthe
constantattentionofatrainedoperator.
Oncetheprimarypowerentersthefacility,itmust
beprotectedfromphysicaldamage;itmustbeon
adedicatedcircuitsupplyingthefirealarmcontrol
panel;accesstothecircuitmustbecontrolled;
andthecircuitmustbeidentified

196. Cl. 10.6.5 -Primary Power Supply
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

197. Cl. 10.6.6 –Continuity of Power Supply
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

198. Cl. 10.6.7 -Secondary Power Supply
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
Option 01

199. Cl. 10.6.7 -Secondary Power Supply
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
Option 02

200. Cl. 10.6.7 -Secondary Power Supply
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
Option 03
A UPS would have to be Type 0, Class 24, Level 1 as defined by NFPA 111.

201. Power Supply
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
Secondary Power Source
Rechargeable Storage
Batteries
Engine Driven Generator
Ifstoragebatteriesareused,theymusthave
thecapacitytosustainpowerfor24hoursin
normalreadymodeand5minutesinfull
alarmmodeattheendofthe24-hourloss-
of-powerperiod.
Theserequirementsdifferforemergencyvoice
alarmcommunicationssystemsandmass
notificationsystems,forwhich15minutesof
powerinfullalarmmodeisrequiredattheend
ofthe24-hourloss-of-powerperiod
Whenageneratorisusedto
providethepower,thegenerator
musthave4hoursofbattery
capacity
Nomatterthesecondarysource,powertransfer
mustbeautomaticandseamless;notallowforloss
ofsystemfunction,delayorinterruptsignals;and
takeplacewithin10seconds

202. Cl. 10.6.10 –Storage Batteries
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
(1) Vented Lead-Acid, Gelled, or Starved
Electrolyte Battery
(2) Nickel-Cadmium Battery
(3) Sealed Lead-Acid
Battery

203. 10.6.10.1 Marking–Storage Batteries
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

204. 10.6.10.3 Battery Charging.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

205. Trickle Charging vs Float Charging
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

206. Cl. 10.14 –Trouble Signal
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

207. Battery Capacity Calculation
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

208. Notable Changes in NFPA 72 2022 edition
from Chapter 7 & 10
Chapter 7: Documentation
Howcanacontractorknowtheperformancelevelacircuitisintendedtoachieve?The2022edition
willhelpclarifyanypotentialuncertaintybyrequiringthedesigndocumentstoindicatethepathway
classandsurvivabilitylevel.Also,therecordofcompletionandrecordofinspectionandtestingforms
willincorporateminorrevisionstoreflectthetermrevisionofstored-energyemergencypowersupply
systems.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

209. Notable Changes in NFPA 72 2022 edition
from Chapter 7 & 10
Chapter 10: Fundamentals
•FormanyeditionsofNFPA72,anautomaticdetectorhasbeenrequiredatthelocationofeach
controlunit,notificationappliancecircuitpowerextenderandsupervisingstationtransmitting
equipmentwhentheareaisnotcontinuouslyoccupied.Thishasnotchanged;however,thenext
editionaddslanguagethatpermitsthedetectortobeeliminatedwhereariskanalysisshowsitis
notrequiredandwhereacceptabletotheAHJ.
•Haveyoueverseennonfunctionalequipmentinstalledinbuildings?The2022editionwillrequire
abandonedfirealarmequipmenttoberemovedandbemarked“notinservice”whileitremains
installed.
•Alsonew,thecapacityofbatterieswillrequireanadditional5%capacity,changingfrom20%safety
marginto25%toaccountforbatterydegradationoverthelifeofabattery.Theinstallerwillbe
requiredtolabelthebatterywithareplacementdatethatdoesnotexceedfouryearsfromthedate
ofinstallation.EffectiveJan.1,2024,anyrechargeablebatteriesusedforsecondarypowerwillbe
requiredtobelistedorrecognizedbyanationallyrecognizedtestinglaboratory.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

210. Question 01
IfaFirealarmsystemrequiresSoftware,whoshouldreceiveacopyof
thesoftware?
A.TheSystemOwner
B.TheAHJ
C.TheFireDepartment
D.TheMonitoringCompany
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

211. Question 02
AfteraFirealarmsystemisinstalled,whereshouldtherecord
documentsbestored?
A.AttheLocalFireDepartment
B.AnyLocationaslongasAHJisnotified
C.Inadocumentcabinetattheprotectedpremises.
D.Atanoffsitelocationownedbythebuildingowner.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

212. Question 03
Whenamodificationismadetoafirealarmsystemaftertheinitial
installationthemodificationshallberecordedonarevisedversionof
theoriginalcompletiondocuments.Therevisedrecordofcompletion
documentshallinclude.
A.TheRevisiondate
B.Thecompanyinformationwhomademodification.
C.Thecontractorinformationwhomademodification.
D.Thelocationoforiginaldocuments.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

213. Question 04
TheRecordofcompletiondocumentsshallbecompletedbythe_____
A.Contractorwhoinstalledthesystem.
B.TheOwnerofthesystem.
C.TheAHJ
D.TheMonitoringCompanyservicingthesystem.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

214. Question 05
SecondaryPowersupplyforanemergencyvoice/AlarmCommunication
firealarmsystemshallbecapableofoperatingforminimumof_____
ofstandbyfollowedby___ofalarm
A.48hours/5Min.
B.48hours/15Min.
C.24Hours/5Min.
D.24Hours/15Min.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

215. Question 06
Thefirealarmsystemprimarypowerbranchcircuitdisconnecting
meansmustbe___incolor.
A.Red
B.Blue
C.Green
D.Colorischosenbythemanufacturerofthesystem
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

216. Question 07
TheSecondaryPowerSupplyfortheprotectedpremisesshall
automaticallypowerwithin______secondswhentheprimarypower
fails.
A.5
B.10
C.60
D.90
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

217. Question 08
ServicePersonnelMustbeQualifiedand______
A.Experienced
B.Certified
C.Licensed
D.Bonded
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

218. Question 09
Troublesignalandtheirrestorationtonormalshallbeindicatedwithing
___atthefirealarmcontrolpanelforprotectedpremisesalarm
systems.
A.10Sec
B.60Sec
C.90Sec
D.200Sec
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

219. Question 10
ThefireAlarmServiceprovidershallreporttotheAHJanyfirealarm
systemthatisoutofserviceformorethan___
A.1Hour
B.5Hour
C.8Hour
D.24Hour
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

220. Question 11
TheSecondaryPowersupplyforsupervisingstationshallbecapableof
supportingoperationsformin.of_____
A.24Hour
B.12Hour
C.2days
D.4days
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

221. Question 12
TheBatteriesshallbemarkedwiththe_____
A.Month/YearofManufacture
B.Month/YearofInstallation
C.Day/YearofManufacture
D.Day/yearofInstallation
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

222. Question 13
TheFirealarmStoragebatteriesshall_____________
A.Beredincolor
B.Be12VDC
C.Beeithertrickleoffloatcharge
D.Notbemonitoredforintegrity
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

223. Question 14
TheSupervisorySignalshalltakeprecedenceover_____
A.TroubleSignal
B.AlarmSignal
C.Emergencymassnotificationsignal
D.Pre-AlarmSignal.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

224. Question 15
TestingPersonnelshallhaveknowledgeandexperienceacceptedto
___
A.SystemOwner
B.TheMonitoringandmaintenancecompany
C.TheNFPA
D.TheAHJ
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

225. Question 16
TheSecondarypowersupplyforinbuildingmassnotificationsystems
shallbecapableofoperatingthesystemforaminimumof____and
shallbecapableofoperatingthesystemduringemergencycondition
for___atmaximumconnectedload.
A.24hours/15Min.
B.24Hours/5Min.
C.12Hours/15Min.
D.12Hours/5Min.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

226. Question 17
Aseparatestoragebatteryandseparateautomaticchargershallbe
providedforstartingtheengine-drivengeneratorandshall.
A.Notbeusedforanyotherpurposes
B.Notbeusedforanyotherpurposeotherthantoprovidebackup
powertothefirealarmsystemservingthesamebuilding
C.Notbeusedforanyotherpurposeotherthanemergencylighting.
D.Notbeusedforanyotherpurposeotherthanemergencyevacuation
signals.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

227. Question 18
FireAlarmCablesarepermittedtobestrappedtoconduittosupport
thecable
A.True
B.False
C.Onlywhenthecableiswithinadroppedceiling
D.Onlyiftheconduitisatleast1inches.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

228. Question 19
Wherenonpowerlimitedwiringisinstalledexposed,itmustbe
mechanicallyprotectedwithin___ofthefinishedfloor.
A.7feet
B.8Feet
C.9Feet
D.Noneoftheabove.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

229. Question 20
TheFirealarmCircuitdisconnectsshallbepermittedtobesecuredin
the____position
A.On
B.Off
C.Middle
D.Down
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

230. Question 21
Wheninstallingthefirealarmcables,whichofthefollowingmethods
ofsupportisacceptable?
A.Strapthecabletoanearbyconduit
B.Tapethecabletoconduit
C.Attachthecabletoconduit
D.Noneoftheabove.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

231. Question 22
SinglePLFAConductorshallnotbesmallerthan____AWG
A.22
B.20
C.18
D.14
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

232. Question 23
NPFLAcircuitovercurrentprotectionshallnotexceed___amperefor
18AWGconductorsand___amperesfor16AWG
A.7,9
B.5,10
C.7,10
D.15,20
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

233. Question 24
FPLPtypecableusedforfirealarmsystemsarepermittedtobe
substitutedby______typecables.
A.FPL
B.FPLR
C.CMR
D.CMP
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

234. Question 25
PLFAconductorsshallbesolidorstranded
A.Aluminum
B.Copper
C.CopperorAluminum
D.14AWG
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

235. Question 26
PLFAcablesshallhaveavoltageratingofnotlessthan
A.120V
B.240V
C.300V
D.600V
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

236. Question 27
NPFLAcircuitconductorsshallberatedfor_____
A.120V
B.240V
C.300V
D.600V
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

237. Question 28
PLFAcablesshallbepermittedtobeinstalledtogetherwithclass1,
NPFLAandmediumpowernetworkpoweredbroadband
communicationcircuitswhere_______________________
A.Thecablesareseparatedbyabarrier
B.Thecablesarelabelledwithatleast600V
C.Thecablesarethefirealarmsystemuseonly
D.Noneoftheabove.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

238. Question 29
NPFLAcircuitconductorsshallnotbesmallerthan_______
A.12AWG
B.14AWG
C.16AWG
D.18AWG
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

239. Question 30
Firealarmcablesinstalledinductsusedforenvironmentalairshallbe
type______
A.FPLP
B.FPLR
C.NPFLR
D.FPL
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

240. Question 31
TransformersorotherdevicesonthesupplysideofthePLFApower
sourcesshallbeprotectedbyanovercurrentdevicesratedatnomore
than____amperes.
A.5
B.10
C.20
D.30
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

241. Question 32
TheBranchcircuitsupplyingfirealarmequipmentshall_____
A.Supplynootherload
B.Besized12AWGcopperoraluminum
C.Beratedfor240V
D.Noneoftheabove.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

242. Question 33
TypeFPL–CIis_______________________________
A.Afirealarmcableusedforportablefirealarmsystemsonly.
B.Afirealarmcablesthatcanbeinstalledinductsandplenum
C.Afirealarmcablethathasonly3conductors
D.2Hourscircuitintegrityratedcables.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

243. Question 34
ThePowerlimitedfirealarmcablesinstalledfromfloortofloor
verticallyshallbe_____________
A.FPLR
B.FPL
C.NPLF
D.FPR
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

244. Question 35
Whereopticalfirecablesareutilizedforfirealarmcircuits,thecables
shallbeinstalledinaccordancewith__________
A.NECarticle770
B.NECchapter9
C.NECarticle760
D.Noneoftheabove.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

245. Question 36
PLFACablesshallbeinstalledinmetalracewaysorrigidnonmetallic
conduitwherepassingthroughafloororwalltoaheightof____above
thefloor.
A.5feet
B.6feet
C.7feet
D.8feet
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

246. Question 37
TheAccessibleportionofabandonedfirealarmcablesshall______
A.Bepaintedanothercolorthanitsoriginalcolor
B.Becoveredorcontainedinanapprovedmanner
C.BeRemoved
D.Notberemoved.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

247. Circuits and Pathways
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 247

248. Circuits and Pathways
Conductors :
Thistermnormallyreferstowireandcablethatwillallowtheflowof
electrons,or"conduct"electricity
➢Stranded
➢Solid
➢Susceptibletotransientvoltages.
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 248

249. Circuits and Pathways
Fiber Optic :
Consist of a glass material that transmits amplified light from a transmitter
to a receiver
•Thinner and less expensive than copper
•Not affected by transient voltages
•Connections must be made by competent person
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 249

250. Circuits and Pathways
Wireless :
Wirelessnetworksutilizeradiowavesand/ormicrowavestomaintain
communicationchannelsbetweencomputers
➢Eliminateswireandcabling
➢Interferedbyradiosignalsandweather
➢Notaffectedbytransientvoltages.
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 250

251. Pathway Class Designation
•ClassA,B,C,D,E,&X
•Survivability
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 251

252. ClassA
1.Thiswillincludearedundantsignalpath-Ifthepathisinterrupted,thesystemfeedsboth
endsofthepathssotherearenowtwopaths;theoriginaloutgoingpathwhichisnowcut
shorter,andthereturnpathwhichisnowbeingusedasanoutgoingpath
2.Ifwiresareused,awire-to-wireshortmayshutdownthewholepath
3.Bothconventionalandaddressablesystemsfitintothis
4.BoththeIDC(InitiatingDeviceCircuit)andtheNAC(NotificationApplianceCircuit)fitinto
this
5.Thepanelshowsatroublesignalwhenthereisaproblem
ClassB
1.Thereisnoredundantpath
2.Anydevicebeyondabreakwon'twork
3.Ifwiresareused,awire-to-wireshortmayshutdownthewholepath
4.Bothconventionaladdressablesystemsfitintothis
5.BothIDCandNACfitintothis
6.Thepanelshowsatroublesignalwhenthereisaproblem

253. Class C
1.Uses Handshaking (equivalent to an I'm OK signal) to supervise the path
2.Can have more than one pathway
3.The panel shows a trouble signal when there is a problem
Examples: Signals from the fire panel to the monitoring company
1.The use of IP (Internet Protocol), whether it's local communications or over the Internet
2.The communicators over the telephone lines that are still in use
Class D
1.Fail-Safe operation -If there is a failure, the device that is controlled by the fire alarm system goes
into fire mode
2.No trouble shows on the panel
3.This is annoyance supervision -people get annoyed when things don't work right and they want
the system fixed
Example of a device going into fire mode when a wire breaks or a signal is lost:
4.The fire door closes
5.Emergency door locks release
6.The damper closes
7.The fans shut down

254. ClassE
1.Thesepathwaysarenotsupervisedatall
2.Notroublesignalwillbeshownonthepanelifthepathfails
ClassN
1. This is basically local Ethernet, Token Ring, or other network or IP infrastructure. Unless a single
device is connected, or the path is short (less than 20 feet) and really protected in something like
conduit, two pathways are used
1.Thesepathwaysareverifiedthroughendtoendcommunication,likedatahandshaking
2.Lossofcommunicationbetweenendpointsonanypathshowatroublesignalonthepanel
3.Problemswithonepathwaywon'taffecttheotherpathway
ClassX
1.Thiswillincludearedundantsignalpath.LikeClassA,ifthepathisinterrupted,thesystemfeeds
bothendsofthecircuitsotherearetwocircuits,theoriginaloutgoingpathwhichisnowcutshorter,
andthereturnpathwhichisnowbeingusedasanoutgoingpath
2.Devicesonbothsidesofanopenwillcontinuetocommunicatewiththepanel
3.Ifwiresareused,devicesonbothsidesofawire-to-wireshortwillcontinuetocommunicatewiththe
panel(basicallytheshorthastobeisolatedonbothsidesoftheshort)
4.Thepanelshowsatroublesignalwhenthereisaproblem

255. Class A Initiating Device Circuit
Class A Circuits
Class A Notification Appliance Circuit
(Single open circuit condition causes a trouble on the
panel; all devices on the loop remain operative.)

256. Class B Initiating
Device Circuit
3.9K
EOLR
Class B Notification
Appliance Circuit
Class B Circuits
3.9K
EOLR
(End of line supervision resistors are required to supervise the integrity
of the loop.)

257. Survivability
•Thelevelofsurvivabilityrequiredisdependentonthetypeoffire
alarmsystembeinginstalled.Ahigherlevelofsurvivabilityappliesto
systemsusedforrelocationorpartialevacuationofoccupants.
•LevelsofSurvivabilityare1-3,dependingonifthewiringiswithinan
EvacuationSignalingZone(ESZ)ornot
•AnESZisadiscreteareaofabuilding,boundedbysmokeorfire
barriersinwhichoccupantsareintendedtorelocateorevacuate.
•Level0meansnosurvivabilityisrequired(wiringwithintheESZ)
•Level1-3indicatethatattackbyfireshallnotimpairthecontroland
operationofNotificationAppliancesoutsidetheESZ
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

258. Survivability
•TheKeyConceptbehindLevels1-3istheFactthatMetalRacewayonly
protectswiringagainstMechanicalDamage,NOTDamagebyFire.
•Level1,InbuildingsthatareprotectedbyanAutomaticSprinklerSystem
andwho’swiringisinstalledinMetalRaceways
•Level2canbeaccomplishedby,
▪A,2-hourratedCIWireOR
▪B,2-hourfireratedcablesystemOR
▪C,2-hourfireratedenclosureOR
▪D,2-hourperformancealternativeapprovedbytheAHJ
•Level3,acombinationofLevels1&2.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

259. Survivability
•Whenattackbyfirewillaffectsignalingandcontroloutsideofthe
ESZ,thenpathwaysurvivabilityLevels2-3areused(atthediscretion
oftheAHJ)
•WhenthewiringoutsideoftheESZisnecessaryfortheoperationand
controlofNotificationAppliancesuntilitenterstheESZ,Level2-3
mustbeused
•CIratedCablesmaybeusedwherepathwaysurvivabilityLevel2-3is
required.
•CICablesarenotrequiredforLevels0-1.
•FollowNEC760andtheAHJ’sguidance
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

260. DETECTORS INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

261. Requirement for Smoke Detectors
Cl.17.7.1.8-Smokedetectorsshallnotbeinstalledwherefollowing
conditionsexist.
a.Temperatureisbelow0C.
b.Temperatureisabove380C.
c.RelativeHumidityisabove93%.d.Airvelocityisgreaterthan1.5
m/sec(300ft./min).
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 261

262. Requirement for Smoke Detectors
InstallationrequirementforsmokeDetectors
Detectorlocationandspacingshalltakeintoconsiderationthe
followingfeatures.
a.Ceilingshapeandsurface.
b.Ceilingheight.
c.Configurationofmaterialcontentinthearea.
d.Combustioncharacteristicsofthefuelloadinthearea.
e.Compartmentventilation
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 262

263. Installation of SD on SMOOTH CEILING
1.Spottypedetectorsshallbeplacedontheceiling.
2.Spot-typesmokedetectorsshallbelocatedontheceilingnotlessthan100mmfroma
sidewalltothenearedge.
3.Detectorsshallnotbeinstalledonsidewallasregularpractice.Wherewholeareasare
coveredbyceilingmounteddetectorsandcornerareasaredesiredtobeprotected,
detectorsshallbemountedonsidewallsat300mmdownfromtheceilingtothetop
ofthedetector.
4.Thedistancebetweensmokedetectorsshallnotexceedanominalspacing(S)of9m.
5.Thereshallbedetectorswithinadistanceofone-halfthenominalspacing,measured
atrightanglesfromallwallsorpartitionsextendingupwardinslopedceilingsor
towardscentertowithinthetop15percentoftheceilingheight.
6.Allpointsontheceilingshallhaveadetectorwithinadistanceequaltoorlessthan
0.7timesthenominal9mspacing,S.(0.7S)
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 263

264. Effect of PARTITIONS-Cl. 17.5.2
•Whatisthereasonforthevalueof15percentwhenconsideringthe
effectofpartitions?
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 264
H
0.1H or 0.15H (10% to 15% of height)
Theceilingjetvelocityvarieswiththedistancefromtheceiling,andthe10
percentdepthcriterionisthedepthabovewhichthemajorityoftheflowoccurs
Duringthetimeafirealarmsystemshouldrespond,the10
percentceilingjetthicknessisgenerallyvalid.
The10percentnumberfromtheresearchwasincreasedto15
percentofthefloor-to-ceilingheightfortherequirement.

265. Effect of PARTITIONS -Cl. 17.5.2
•Whatisthereasonforthevalueof15percentwhenconsideringthe
effectofpartitions?
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 265

266. Requirement of Detectors under concealed
spaces
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 266

267. Requirement of Detectors under concealed
spaces
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 267

268. Requirement of Detectors under concealed
spaces
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 268

269. Requirement of Detectors under concealed
spaces
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 269

270. Requirement of Detectors under concealed
spaces
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 270
(1) Openings of the grid are 6.4mm or larger in the least
dimension.
(2) Thickness of the material does not exceed the least
dimension.
(3) Openings constitute at least 70 percent of the area of the
ceiling material.
Detectors shall not be required below open grid
Ceilings if all above condition exist

271. Installation of SD on SMOOTH CEILING
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 271

272. Installation of SD on SMOOTH CEILING
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 272
Blind Spot..?

273. Installation of SD on SMOOTH CEILING
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 273

274. Installation of SD on SMOOTH CEILING
274
Ceiling jet dynamics for corner fires

275. Example-1
ARoomishavingfollowingDimensions
Length=30ft.
Width=30ft.
Height=10ft.
TypeofCeiling=Smooth&flat
Selecteddetector=Spottype
Listedspacing=30ft.(fromManufacturercatalogue)
DetermineNumberofDetectorsanddrawshowinglocation
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 275

276. Solution-1
WhatdoesNFPA72tellsusaboutspacingandlocationundergiven
condition.
Cl.17.6.3.1
1.Thedistancebetweendetectorsshallnotexceedtheirlisted
spacing,andthereshallbedetectorswithinadistanceofone-half
thelistedspacing,measuredatrightanglesfromallwallsor
partitionsextendingupwardtowithinthetop15percentofthe
ceilingheight.
2.Allpointsontheceilingshallhaveadetectorwithinadistance
equaltoorlessthan0.7timesthelistedspacing(0.7S).
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 276

277. Solution-1
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 277
Room Layout
30ft
30ft.
Listed Spacing = 30 ft.
Max. allowable distance from wall = 15ft. ( as per cl.17.6.3.1(1))
Number of Detector along length/Width =
��????????????�ℎ/????????????��ℎ
�????????????.�??????����??????????????????�??????????????????
Number of Detector =
30
30
Number of Detectors = 1 (Along length)
Number of Detectors = 1 (Along Width)
For Compliance
1.Distance from wall should be half of listed spacing that
means 15 ft.
2.All point in the room should be within 0.7x listed spacing
distance that means 21 ft. ( 0.7 x 30 = 21 ft.)

278. Solution-1
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 278
30ft
30ft.
15 ft.
15 ft.
15 ft. 15 ft.
Distance from wall are half of
listed spacing(Compliant)

279. Example-2
ARoomishavingfollowingDimensions
Length=50ft.
Width=50ft.
Height=10ft.
TypeofCeiling=Smooth&flat
Selecteddetector=Spottype
Listedspacing=30ft.(fromManufacturercatalogue-Max.)
DetermineNumberofDetectorsanddrawshowinglocation
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 279

280. Solution-2
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 280
Room Layout
50ft
50ft.
Listed Spacing = 30 ft.
Max. allowable distance from wall = 15ft. ( as per cl.17.6.3.1(1))
Number of Detector along length/Width =
��????????????�ℎ/????????????��ℎ
�????????????.�??????����??????????????????�??????????????????
Number of Detector =
50
30
Number of Detectors = 2 (Along Length)
Number of Detectors = 2 (Along Width)
For Compliance
1.Distance from wall should be half of listed spacing that
means 15 ft.
2.All point in the room should be within 0.7x listed spacing
distance that means 21 ft. ( 0.7 x 30 = 21 ft.)

281. Solution-2
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 281
50ft
50ft.
Distance from wall are half of
listed spacing(Compliant)
15 ft.
15 ft.
15 ft.
15 ft.
15 ft.
15 ft.
15 ft.
15 ft.
20ft.
20ft.
20ft. 20ft.
Distance between the detector is
less than max. listed
spacing(Compliant)
Within 0.7x Spacing

282. Example-3
ARoomishavingfollowingDimensions
Length=30ft.
Width=30ft.
Height=10ft.
HeightofPartition=9ft.
TypeofCeiling=Smooth&flat
Selecteddetector=Spottype
Listedspacing=30ft.(fromManufacturercatalogue-Max.)
DetermineNumberofDetectorsanddrawshowinglocation
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 282

283. Example-4
ARoomishavingfollowingDimensions
Length=200ft.
Width=150ft.
Height=8ft.
TypeofCeiling=Smooth&flat
Selecteddetector=Spottype
Listedspacing=50ft.
Drawthelocationofthedetectorsonplanandshowthedimensions
betweenthedetectorsandtothewall.
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 283

284. Example-5
ARoomishavingfollowingDimensions
Length=227ft.
Width=166ft.
Height=8ft.
TypeofCeiling=Smooth&flat
Selecteddetector=Spottype
Listedspacing=50ft.
Spacethedetectorsforthisroomanddrawthedetectorlayout.
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 284

285. Installation of SDon JOIST & BEAM CEILING
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 285

286. Installation of SD on JOIST & BEAM CEILING
Forceilingswithbeampocketsformedbyintersectingbeamsincluding
waffleorpantypeceilings,ofdepthsofequalto/morethan10%ofceiling
heightorceilingswithbeamdepthsequaltoorgreaterthan10%ofthe
ceilingheight(0.1H),thefollowingshallapply:
a.Wherebeamspacingisequaltoorgreaterthan40percentoftheceiling
height(0.4H),spot-typedetectorsshallbelocatedontheceilingineach
beampocket.
b.Wherebeamspacingislessthan40percentoftheceilingheight(0.4H),
the
followingshallbepermittedforspotdetectors:
1.Smoothceilingspacinginthedirectionparalleltothebeamsandatone-
halfsmoothceilingspacinginthedirectionperpendiculartothebeams.
2.Locationofdetectorseitherontheceilingoronthebottomofthebeams.
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 286

287. Installation of SD on JOIST & BEAM CEILING
1.Solidjoistsshallbeconsideredequivalenttobeamsforsmoke
detectorspacingguidelines.
2.Forceilingswithbeampocketsformedbyintersectingbeams
includingwaffleorpantypeceilings,ofdepthsoflessthan10%of
ceilingorceilingswithbeamdepthsoflessthan10%oftheceiling
height(0.1H),smoothceilingspacingshallbepermitted.
3.Spot-typesmokedetectorsshallbepermittedtobelocatedon
ceilingsoronthebottomofbeams.
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 287

288. Installation of SD on JOIST & BEAM CEILING
Forcorridors4.6minwidthorlesshavingceilingbeamsorsolidjoists
perpendiculartothecorridorlength,thefollowingshallapply:
a.Smoothceilingspacingshallbepermitted.
b.Locationofspot-typesmokedetectorsonceilings,sidewalls,orthe
bottomofbeamsorsolidjoists.
Forroomsof84m2orless,thefollowingshallbepermitted:
a.Useofsmoothceilingspacing
b.Locationofspot-typesmokedetectorsonceilingsoronthebottom
ofbeams
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 288

289. Installation of SD on JOIST & BEAM CEILING
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 289
Ceiling depth is more than 10% of the
height of the ceiling from floor

290. Installation of SD on JOIST & BEAM CEILING
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 290

291. Installation of SD on JOIST & BEAM CEILING
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 291

292. Installation of SD on JOIST & BEAM CEILING
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 292

293. Installation of SD on SLOPED PEAKED CEILING
•What is RISE AND RUN IN SLOPE CEILING…?
293

294. Installation of SD on SLOPED PEAKED CEILING
294
Spacing is measured along the floor, not along the slope
Sectional view of a peaked ceiling; a detector must be placed within 3 feet (900 mm) of the roof peak

295. Color Coding of Heat Detectors
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 295

296. Installation of HDon SMOOOTH CEILING CONSTRUCTION
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 296

297. Installation of HDon IRREGULAR AREAS
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 297
Forirregularlyshapedareas,thespacingbetweendetectorsshallbe
permittedtobegreaterthanthelistedspacing,providedthatthemaximum
spacingfromadetectortothefarthestpointofasidewallorcornerwithin
itszoneofprotectionisnotgreaterthan0.7timesthelistedspacing.

298. Example-1
Aspacethathasadimensionof10feetwideand150longwitha
ceiling10feetorlesswithlistedspacingof30ft.
Determinelocationandnumberofdetectors.
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 298
150 ft.
10 ft.

299. Example-1
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 299
Width of the space(how narrow given space is)
Allowable Spacing.
Therearedifferentdimensionsonthecurvethat
startwiththestandardspacingof30-footby30-
footandworksitswaydowntothe42.4
dimensionforverynarrowspaces
For 10’ width spacing
shall not increase more
than 41.2’

300. Example-1
Asweknowthat,aspercl.17.6.3.1.2(irregularspaces);Max.Spacing
fromthedetectortothefarthestpointofasidewallorcornerwithinits
zoneofprotectionisnotgreaterthan0.7timethelistedspacing.
I.e.Detectorshouldbewithin0.7x30=21ft.fromeverycorner,
Letscheck,
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 300
5ft.
X
We need to find this

301. Example-1
Applyingpythagorastheorem;
(21)^2=(X)^2+(5)^2
(21)^2–(5)^2=(X)^2
X=20.39ft.
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 301
5ft.
X
We need to find this

302. Example-1
Aspacethathasadimensionof10feetwideand150longwitha
ceiling10feetorlesswithlistedspacingof30ft.
Determinelocationandnumberofdetectors.
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 302
150 ft.
10 ft.
20.39 ft. 20.39 ft.36.4 ft. 36.4 ft. 36.4 ft.
Spacing between the Detectors within in the
max. spacing limit as per 30 ft. Detector curve.

303. Installation of HDon BEAM CONSTRUCTION
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 303
1.Aceilingshallbetreatedasasmoothceilingifthebeamsprojectno
morethan100mmbelowtheceiling.
2.Wherethebeamsprojectmorethan100mmbelowtheceiling,the
spacingofspot-typeheatdetectorsatrightanglestothedirectionof
beamtravelshallbenotmorethantwo-thirdsofthelistedspacing(S).
3.Wherethebeamsprojectmorethan460mmbelowtheceilingandare
morethan2.4moncenter,eachbayformedbythebeamsshallbe
treatedasaseparatepocketarea.
4.Wherebeamsarelessthan300mmindepthandlessthan2.4mon
center,detectorsshallbepermittedtobeinstalledonthebottomof
beams

304. Example-1
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 304
1.Beams project 6 inches from the ceiling.
2.Beam spacing is 6-foot centers.
3.Ceiling height is 10 feet or less and
ceiling is level.
4.Listed spacing = 30 ft.
Determine location and permissible
spacing for the detectors.
30ft
30ft.
6ft. 6ft. 6ft. 6ft.

305. Example-1
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 305
As beam projects more than 4 inch. So
Spacing at right angle to beam travel = (2/3
rd
)66% x listed spacing
Spacing at right angle to beam travel = 0.66 x 30 = 19.8 ft./2 = 9.9ft.
Spacing from the wall = 50% x Listed Spacing
Spacing from the wall = 50% x 30
Spacing from the wall = 15 ft.
30ft
30ft.
6ft. 6ft. 6ft. 6ft.

306. Example-1
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 306
As beam projects more than 4 inch. So
Spacing at right angle to beam travel = (2/3
rd
)66% x listed spacing
Spacing at right angle to beam travel = 0.66 x 30 = 19.8 ft./2 = 9.9ft.
Spacing from the wall = 50% x Listed Spacing
Spacing from the wall = 50% x 30
Spacing from the wall = 15 ft.
30ft
30ft.
6ft. 6ft. 6ft. 6ft.
15ft
9ft. 9ft.12ft
.
Detectors on the beam
Within 2/3
rd
of listed spacing in
right angle to beam -Compliant

307. Example-1
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 307
As beam projects more than 4 inch. So
Spacing at right angle to beam travel = (2/3
rd
)66% x listed spacing
Spacing at right angle to beam travel = 0.66 x 30 = 19.8 ft./2 = 9.9ft.
Spacing from the wall = 50% x Listed Spacing
Spacing from the wall = 50% x 30
Spacing from the wall = 15 ft.
30ft
30ft.
6ft. 6ft. 6ft. 6ft.
15ft
6ft. 6ft.18ft
.
Detectors in the beam Pocket
Within 2/3
rd
of listed spacing in
right angle to beam -Compliant

308. Example-2
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 308
1.Beams project 20 inches from the ceiling.
2.Beam spacing is 15-foot centers.
3.Ceiling height is 10 feet or less and ceiling is level.
4.Listed spacing = 30 ft.
Determine location and permissible spacing for the detectors.

309. Example-2
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 309
40 ft.
75ft.
15ft. 15ft. 15ft. 15ft.
AsBeamdepthismorethan460mmand2.4
meterincentereachbayformedbythe
beamsshallbetreatedasaseparatepocket
area.
1 2 3 4 5 6

310. Example-2
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 310
40 ft.
75ft.
15ft. 15ft. 15ft. 15ft.
25 ft.
7.5 ft.
7.5 ft.
7.5 ft.
25 ft.
Distance is within 2/3
rd
of listed spacing
Distance is within listed spacing of 30 ft.

311. Example -3
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 311
ARoomishavingfollowingDimensions
Length=200ft.
Width=166ft.
Height=10ft.6inch=10.5’
TypeofCeiling=BeamConstruction
Depthofbeams=30Inch.=2.5’
Widthbetweenthebeam=39Inch=3.25’
Selecteddetector=Spottypeheatdetector
Listedspacing=50ft.
Determinelocationandpermissiblespacingforthedetectors.

312. Example -4
ARoomishavingfollowingDimensions
Length=30ft.
Width=30ft.
Height=10ft
TypeofCeiling=JoistConstruction
WidthbetweentheJoist=36inch.
Distancebetweenwallandcenterofjoist=18inch.
Selecteddetector=Spottypeheatdetector
Listedspacing=30ft.
Determinelocationandpermissiblespacingforthedetectors
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 312

313. Installation of HDon HIGH CEILING
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 313

314. Question 38
Whatisthecolorcoderequirementforaspottypeheatdetectorat
200degreesFahrenheit?
A.White
B.Blue
C.Red
D.Green
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

315. Question 39
UnderwhichofthefollowingConditionsshallspottypeofsmoke
detectorsnotbeinstalled
A.Whenthetemperatureisabove50F
B.Whentherelativehumidityis90%
C.Whenthetemperatureisabove100F
D.Whentherelativehumidityisbelow93%
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

316. Question 40
Heatdetectorsshouldbeselectedtooperateatleast____degreesF
abovethemaximumexpectedambienttemperatureattheceilingof
theprotectedspace.
A.10F
B.15F
C.20F
D.25F
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

317. Question 41
Thehandleofamanualpullstationinitiatingdeviceshallbemounted
notlessthan____inandnotmorethan____infromthefinishedfloor.
A.40/48
B.42/46
C.40/46
D.42/48
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

318. Question 42
Manualfirealarmboxesshallbe_____incolor.
A.Red
B.Green
C.Blue
D.Black
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

319. Question 42
HeatDetectorwiththelistedspacingof50feetwillbeinstalled.What
spacingshallbeusedfora20footceilingthatissmoothandflat?
A.29feet
B.32feet
C.35.2feet
D.40feet
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

320. Question 43
Manualfirealarmboxesshallbelocatedwithin____oftheexit
doorway
A.4feet
B.4feet,ontheoutsideofthedoorway
C.5feet
D.5feet,ontheinsideofthedoorway
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

321. Question 44
Whentheheatdetectorsareinstalledonapeakedceiling,arowof
detectorsshallbelocatedwithin___ofthepeakoftheceiling.
A.3feet
B.4feet
C.5feet
D.6feet
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

322. Question 45
Whatisthetemperatureclassificationofaheatdetectorthatisredin
color
A.Ordinary
B.Intermediate
C.High
D.ExtraHigh
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

323. Question 46
Themaximumtraveldistancetothenearestmanualfirealarmboxshall
botexceed____measuredhorizontallyonthesamefloor.
A.200feet
B.300feet
C.350feet
D.400feet
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

324. Question 47
AccordingtoNFPA72,whatisthemaximumallowablespacingfora
spottypeofheatdetectorthatislistedfor50footspacingifitistobe
installedona25footceilingthatissmoothandflat?
A.50feet
B.33feet
C.26feet
D.23feet
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

325. Question 48
Underwhatconditionaretheheatdetectorpermittedtobeinstalled
onthebottomofbeams?
A.Wherebeamsarelessthan12in.indepthandlessthan6feeton
center
B.Wherebeamsarelessthan12in.indepthandlessthan8feeton
center
C.Wherebeamsarelessthan12in.indepthandlessthan10feeton
center
D.Undernocondition.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

326. Question 48
Smokedetectorsshallnotbeinstalledif______
A.TheTemperatureisbelow40F
B.TheTemperatureisabove100F
C.TheRelativehumidityisabove85F
D.Noneoftheabove.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

327. Question 49
Whereaspottypeofdetectorisinstalledduringconstruction,itshall
_______
A.Notbeoperational,andprotectedfromconstructiondebris,dust,
dirtanddamage.
B.Beoperational,andprotectedfromconstructiondebrisanddamage
C.Becleanedafterconstructioniscompleted
D.Youcannotinstallasmokedetectortillafterconstructionhas
finished.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

328. Question 50
Samplingsystempipingshallbeconspicuouslyindentifiedas“Smoke
detectorsamplingtube–Donotdisturb”atintervalonpipingthat
providevisibilitywithinthespace
A.Thelengthofthesamplingsystempiping
B.15feet
C.20feet
D.30feet
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

329. Question 51
AccordingtoNFPA72,linetypeheatdetectorsshallbelocatedonthe
ceilingoronthesidewallnotmorethan____
A.20inchesfromceiling
B.20inchesfromthesidewall
C.20inchesfromtheceiling
D.30inchesfromthesidewall.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

330. Question 52
Apressuresupervisorysignalinitiatingdeviceforadrypipesprinkler
systemshallindicate_____
A.Bothhighandlowpressureconditions
B.Onandoffcondition
C.ALowPressurecondition
D.AHighPressurecondition.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

331. Installation of AUDIBLENOTIFICATION APPLIANCES
Public Mode Audible Requirement
•Asoundlevelatleast15dBabovetheaverageambientsoundlevelor
5dBabovethemaximumsoundlevelhavingadurationofatleast60
seconds,whicheverisgreater,measured5ft(1.5m)abovethefloor
inthearearequiredtobeservedbythesystemusingtheA-weighted
scale(dBA).
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 331

332. Installation of AUDIBLE NOTIFICATION APPLIANCES
Private Mode Audible Requirement
•Asoundlevelatleast10dBabovetheaverageambientsoundlevelor
5dBabovethemaximumsoundlevelhavingadurationofatleast60
seconds,whicheverisgreater,measured5ft(1.5m)abovethefloor
inthearearequiredtobeservedbythesystemusingtheA-weighted
scale(dBA).
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 332

333. Installation of AUDIBLE NOTIFICATION APPLIANCES
Sleeping area Requirement
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 333

334. Installation of AUDIBLE NOTIFICATION APPLIANCES
Intelligibility Requirement
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 334

335. Installation of VISUAL NOTIFICATION APPLIANCES
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 335

336. Installation of VISUAL NOTIFICATION APPLIANCES
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 336

337. NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
Need of Fault Isolation in Fire
Alarm System
SHORT CIRCUIT DESTROYES DELIVERY OF POWER
OR DATA
FIRE DISTROYS INSULATION ON WIRES

338. NFPA 72, CHAPTER 23, 23.6.1
23.6.1:SLCZones:Asinglefaultonapathwayconnectedtotheaddressabledevicesshallnotcausetheloss
ofthedevicesinmorethanonezone.
23.6.1.1-Eachfloorofthebuildingshallbeconsideredaseparatezone.
23.6.1.2-Ifafloorofthebuildingissubdividedintomultiplezonesbyfireorsmokebarriersandthefireplan
fortheprotectedpremisesallowsrelocationofoccupantsfromthezoneoforigintoanotherzoneonthesame
floor,eachzoneonthefloorshallbeconsideredaseparatezone.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
Asinglezonecouldbedesignatedinthefollowingways:
(1)ByfloorwhereanSLCwouldnotspanmultiplefloors
(2)Byfloorarea,wherealargefloorwouldbesplitintomultiplezonesbasedonamaximumfloor
areasize(e.g.,22,500ft2)
(3)Byrebarrierorsmokebarriercompartmentboundaries,whichanSLCwouldnotcross
(4)Bymaximumlengthorcircuit,whereanSLCwouldnotbelongerthanapredeterminedlength
(e.g.,300ft)

339. NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
Need of Fault Isolation in Fire
Alarm
ISOLATOR
ISOLATOR
Short Circuit
Zone-1
Zone-2
Zone-3

340. SECTION –03
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
INSPECTION, TESTING AND
MAINTENANCE

341. LusserProduct Law
•AccordingtotheLusserproductlaw,asthenumberofcomponents
increases,thereliabilityofeachindividualcomponenthastobe
improvedcommensuratelytomaintainthereliabilityoftheoverall
system.
PT = P1 ×P2 ×P3 ×· · · ×P
PT=Probabilityofsuccessfuloperationforthesystem,orreliability
Pn=Probabilityofsuccessfuloperationofthenthcomponent
n=Thenumberofconstituentcomponents
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

342. LusserProduct Law
•Theprobabilityofsuccessfuloperationofasystemisnotdirectly
computable.Itiscomputedfromfailureratedataforeachofthe
constituentcomponentsofthatsystem.Failurerate,thatis,the
probabilityoffailure,isrelatedtotheprobabilityofsuccessful
operationby:
ΛT = 1 –PT
where
ΛT = Failure rate of the total system
PT = Probability of successful operation for the system, or reliability
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

343. Failure Rate
Defined As :
•Rate of Occurrence of failure
•Number of failure specified time period
Units :
•Failure per million hours (f/moh)
•Failure per billion hours ( f/boh)
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

344. Failure Rate
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

345. Failure Rate –MIL-HDBK-217
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
Sincethefailurerateisessentiallyconstant
overthestatisticalfailurerateregionofthe
bathtubcurve,thefailurerateofanyelectronic
componentand,hence,anyelectronicsystem
assembledfromelectroniccomponentscanbe
derivedfromthefailureratedataestablishedin
MilitaryHandbook:
ReliabilityPredictionofElectronicEquipment.

346. Influences to Reliability
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
ELECTRONIC
COMPONENT
Production
maturity
Design &
Construction
Storage
Condition
Transport
Condition
Material
Condition
Production
maturity
Operating
Condition
Electrical
Stresses
Mechanical
Stress
Climate
Environment

347. RELIABILITY CALCULATIONS
•Oncetheinherentfailureratehasbeencomputed,thereliabilityof
thesystemcanbecalculated:
R = e^ (–Λt)
where
R = Reliability of the system
e = Napierian logarithm base, 2.71828
Λ = Inherent failure rate of the system
t = Time period for which reliability has been computed
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

348. RELIABILITY CALCULATIONS
•Assuming maintenance restores the entire system to complete
operability, the required maintenance interval is computed from
tR= ln RR /(–Λ)
where
ln RR = Napierianlog of the required reliability, RR
Λ = Inherent failure rate of the system
tR= Required maintenance interval to achieve the required reliability
Themathematicalrelationsshowngivetheengineertheabilitytocalculatearecommended
maintenanceintervalonatotallynewproduct
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

349. EXAMPLE
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING
DESIGNOBJECTIVE:Toalerttheoccupantsofafire,enablingthemtomake
safeegressfromthefacility,withareliabilityof90percent(0.9).

350. EXAMPLE
System Components Quantity(q) Failure Rate
(λ)(f/mdoh)
TotalFailure rate
(qxλx) (f/moh)
Smoke detectors 10 1 10
Horn/strobe 1 2.5 2.5
Control panel 1 25 25
Screw terminals 49 0.10 4.9
Wire segments 25 0.05 1.25
Inherent failure rate, Λ 43.65
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

351. EXAMPLE
•LetsConvertInherentfailureratefromfailurepermillionoperatinghourstofailureper
year.
•43.65f/moh=0.00004365failuresperhour(f/h)
•Λ=0.3824failuresperyear
Usingtherequiredintervalequation.
tR= ln RR /(–Λ)
where
ln RR = ln 0.90 = –0.11
Λ = 0.3824
tR= –0.11/–0.3824
tR= 0.288 yr
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

352. EXAMPLE -CONCLUSION
Thisindicatesthatthissystem,withthecomponentfailureratesused,
willrequireacompleteinspection,test,andmaintenanceroutineevery
0.288yearsinordertomaintainatleasta90percentreliabilityin
achievingitsdesignobjectives.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

353. INSPECTION, TESTING & MAINTENANCE
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

354. ASSURE VS ENSURE
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

355. Manufacturer Published Requirement
Vs
Code Requirements
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

356. Written Contract
Inspection,testing,ormaintenanceshallbepermittedtobedonebea
personororganizationotherthantheownerifconductedundera
writtencontract.
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

357. Basics
Inspecting:PerformedAnnually&Semiannually;
visualtest.
Testing:PerformedAnnually;functionaltesting.
•Annual:Every12months
•Semiannual:Every6months
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING

358. Fire Alarm System-Inspection
14.3–Inspections
•Inspection=A“visual”checkofthesystem
•FrequenciesareasstatedinTable14.3.1
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 358

359. Fire Alarm System-Inspection
14.3 –Inspections
•Inspectionsarepermittedtobescheduledaroundscheduledshut
downsifapprovedbytheAHJ
•Intervalsmaybeextendedupto18months
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 359

360. Fire Alarm System-Testing
14.4 –Testing
•Testing = A “functional” check of the system
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 360

361. Fire Alarm System-Testing
14.4 –Testing
•Frequencies as stated in Table 14.4.3.2
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 361

362. Fire Alarm System-Testing
14.4 –Testing
•14.4.3.2–InitialAcceptanceTesting
•Newsystemsshallbeinspectedandtested
•TheAHJshallbenotifiedpriortoinitialacceptancetesting
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 362

363. Fire Alarm System-Testing
14.4–Testing
•14.4.3.2–Re-acceptanceTesting
•14.4.1.2–ReacceptanceTesting
•Whenaninitiatingdevice,notificationapplianceorcontrolrelayis
added–functionaltestrequired
•Whenaninitiatingdevice,notificationapplianceorcontrolrelayis
removed–functionaltestrequiredonanotherdevice,applianceor
relayonthecircuit
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 363

364. Fire Alarm System-Testing
•14.4.4.3-Smokedetectorsensitivitytesting
•Within1yearafterinstallation
•Thencheckeveryotheryear;except…
•Afterthesecondtestifthedetectoriswithinitslistedsensitivity
rangethefrequencycanbeextendedto5years
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 364

365. Fire Alarm System-Testing
•14.4.4.3-Smokedetectorsensitivitytesting
Smoke detector sensitivity testing methods
✓Calibratedtestmethod
✓Manufacturer’scalibratedsensitivitytestequipment
✓Listedcontrolequipmentthatcanperformsensitivitytesting
✓Listedcontrolequipmentthatwarnofadetectoroutsideofitslisted
range
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 365

366. Fire Alarm System-Testing
•14.4.4.3-Smokedetectorsensitivitytesting
14.4.5. -Restorable fixed-temp heat detectors
•2 or more detectors shall be tested per initiating circuit
•Different detectors shall be tested each year (records must be kept)
•All detectors need to be tested within 5 years
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 366

367. Fire Alarm System-Testing
•14.4.4.3-Smokedetectorsensitivitytesting
Non-restorable fixed-temp heat detectors
•Firsttestoccursat15years
•Test2detectorsper100atlab
•Replacethosedetectorswithnewdetectors
•Ifthetestdetectorspass,repeattheprocessin5years
•Ifthetestdetectorsfail,testadditionaldetectors
•Testcircuitmechanicallyandelectrically
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 367

368. Fire Alarm System-Testing
14.4.11–VoiceIntelligibilitytesting
1)SubjectBased-Useofhumansubjectstoassesshowspeechwillbe
understoodandsimulatewhatitmaysoundlikeduringarealevent.
2)Quantitative-Useofaninstrumentortoolthatwillprovidespeech
intelligibilityscore
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 368

369. Fire Alarm System-Testing
14.4.11–VoiceIntelligibilitytesting
1)SubjectBased-Subject-basedtestmethodscangaugehowmuchof
thespokeninformationiscorrectlyunderstoodbyapersonoragroup
ofindividuals.Resultsofspeechintelligibilityareusuallydescribedas
predictionsbutdocumentedasmeasurements
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 369

370. Fire Alarm System-Testing
14.4.11–VoiceIntelligibilitytesting
•2)QuantitativeMethod:SpeechTransmissionIndex(STI)andSpeech
TransmissionIndexforPublicAddress(STIPA),whichisamodified
versionofSTI,isspecialaudiosignalplayedovertheemergency
communicationssystemsbeingtestedandisthemostcommonly
used.
•InstrumentsusedtomeasureSTIorSTIPAuseaspecialprotocol
consistingofsignalsinsevenoctavebands.
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 370

371. Fire Alarm System-Testing
TestingMethod:WhenandWhere
Intelligibilityisimportanteverywherebutisnotalwaysachievablein
everylocation.
ItisimportanttoassesseveryareaanddiscusswithyourAHJwhich
areaswillorwillnotberequiredtomeetintelligibility.
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 371

372. Fire Alarm System-Testing
TestingMethod:How
•UsingMicrophonewithalivemessages
•UsingPrerecordedmessage
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 372

373. Fire Alarm System-Testing
TestingMethod:How
Therecommendedmethodisusingapre-recordedmessageplayed
throughthespeakersystemviathepaneloramplifier.
•Theintelligibilitymeasurementsshouldbetakenwhereaperson
wouldtypicallybe,andthemeasurementshouldbetakenwherethey
dotheirnormalactivities.Forexample,inanofficeenvironmentthe
measurementshouldbetakenbythedeskarea.Ifitisasleepingroom,thenthe
testmeasurementshouldbetakennearthepillow.
•Measurementsshouldnotbemadenearthefloor,ceiling,orcorners
ofaroombecauseit’sunlikelyapersonwouldpositionthemselves
there.
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 373

374. Fire Alarm System-Testing
TestingMethod:How
CalibratingSignalSource.
ThiswillrequiretheuseoftheSTIorSTIPAtestsignalsplayedintothe
microphoneusingthetalkbox.Thetalkboxshouldbecalibratedper
manufacturer’sinstructionsbeforecalibratingthesignalsourceandbe
setupperthemanufacturers’recommendation.
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 374

375. Fire Alarm System-Testing
Acceptable Criteria
NFPA 72 Training-Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 375
Not intelligible at all
Completely intelligible
and clear message

376. THANK
YOU
NFPA 72 FIRE ALARM TRAINING