nickel new ppt presentation -180503183312 (1).pdf

Extraction of nickel

1. N
ICKEL
J
E
E
VAN

B
L

2. Content
1.Introduction to nickel
2.Ores of Nickel
3.Extraction of Nickel
4.Classification of Ni-alloys
5.Some other Nickel alloys

3. Nickel was first isolated and classified as a
chemical element in 1751 by Axel Fredrik
Cronstedt from Sweden

4. Introduction

to

Nickel
•Belongs

to

the

transition

metals
.
•Hard

and

ductile
•Crystal

structure





•Atomic
number
_
28
•Atomic
weight
_
58.6934
•Density
(g
/
cm
3
)
_
8.89
•Melting
point
(°c)
_
1455
•Boiling
point(°c)
_
2913
Note:-
•One
of
four
elements
that
are
magnetic
at
near
or
room
temperature
•Curie
temperature
is
355°c
(means
it
is
non-magnetic
above
this
temperature)

6. Ores of Nickel
The bulk of the nickel is mined from two types of ore deposits:-
1.Sulphides:-
•Include pentlandite : (Ni,Fe)9S8
millerite (nickel sulphides) etc
•
2. Laterities:-
•Include nickeliferous limonite, (Fe, Ni)O(OH)·nH2o,
mixture of various hydrous nickel and nickel-rich silicates)etc
•
deposits the ore in layers at varying depths below the surface

7. PENTLANDITE GARNIERITE
NICKELIFEROUS LIMONITE

8. Extraction Of Nickel
Extraction of nickel from sulfide ores:-
•
•



•
•


• Electrolytic or chemical refining

10. PRODUCTION OF NICKEL
FROM MATTE
•The matte is leached using either chlorine gas in a chloride solution,


• fied
•

•

11. Extraction of nickel from the laterite ores:-
•Pyrometallurgical process :-
Rotary Kiln Electric Furnace method, is a pyro metallurgical approach to
produce ferronickel
Involves three steps:-
1.Drying:-
2.Preliminary Reduction (pre-reduction):-



of the ore
3. Reduction and smelting:-

12. •
LATERITE(Cu₈Ni₁₆Fe₁₀)→Limonite FeO(OH).nH₂O)
Involves ammonical or sulfuric acid leaching followed by nickel precipitation
• :- is a hydrometallurgical method that relies on
leaching, reagent , and electrowinning to produce nickel from ore
• Heap leaching:-
from ore via a series of chemical reactions that absorb specific minerals and
then re-separates them after their division from other earth materials.

14. Refining
1.Mond process:-
•Also known as carbonyl process ,a technique created by Ludwig Mond
in 1890 to extract and purify nickel
•done by converting nickel oxides (nickel combined with oxygen) into
pure nickel.
•Involve three steps:-

16. 2. Electro-refining:-
•Nickel is refined electrolytically from metallic nickel or nickel
sulphide anodes, containing impurities iron , copper , silver ,
platinum , palladium etc
•
anode of an electrolytic cell
•
immersed in an aqueous electrolyte (principally contain nickel
sulphate ) capable of conducting an electric current.
•
from the anode and deposit at the cathode.

17. Classification of Ni-Alloys

18. •Resistant to corrosion in seawater and has high electrical
resistivity ,thus making it useful in the marine industry.

20. •Family of austenitic nickel-chromium- based superalloys.









•Pulp and paper industry
•Soap manufacture

22. Nimonic 75 , TMS 162 , Waspaloy etc

25. Hastelloy B-3,HastelloyC-4

26. References
•https://www.britannica.com/science/nickel-chemical-element
•https://www.slideshare.net/Midasengineering/nickel-
processing-and-the-rise-of-laterites
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