Niger Production Technology with all package of practices

Niger Production Technology with all package of practices

1. Niger/Karala

2. NIGER
1.Botanical name : Guizotia abbysinica
2.Local name :Karala, Ramtil
3.Family: Asteraceae
4.Origin: Eithopia and Tropical Africa

3. Economic Importance
1.Itisimportantoilseedcropcontents38-43%oil.
2.Preparationofkaralaasachatni.
3.Nigerusedasmanufactureofpaint,soap,cosmetics,
andlubricant.
4.Nigerisafeedforsheepandgoat.
5.itisusedformakinghayandsilage.
6.Importantfeatureisitgivesreasonableyieldeven
underpoorgrowingcondition.

4. Ecology
A). Climate:
1.Niger is a temperate and sub tropical crop.
2.Optimum temperature is 20-25
0
C.
3.Rainfall required 750 mm.
4.Altitude is 1200-1300 m.

5. B). Soil:
1. Sandy loam to deep clay loam soil good for cultivation.
2. Water logging condition not suitable.
3. The pH of soil should be 6.5 -7.5 .

6. Preparatory tillage
1.Summerploughingshouldbedone.
2.Crisscrossharrowing.
3.Levelingofsoil.
4.Collectionofstubbles.
5.Add20-25tonesofFYMorcompostbeforelastharrowing
6.Nigerseedsareverysmallthereforetheseedbedshouldbe
fine.

7. Seed and sowing
1.Seed treatment:
Seeds are treated with Brassicol @ 2g/kg seeds.
2. Sowing season:
It is a Kharif crop.
3. Sowing time:
Sowing time is 15 June -15 July.

8. 4.Sowingmethod:
Drillinganddibblingmethodareused.
5.Seedrate:
Asarainfedcrop.Seedrateis8-9kg/ha.
6.Plantpopulation:
Plantpopulationis3,33,333plants/ha.

9. Improved Varieties
1.Sahyadri (IGP-76)
2.N-1-23
3.N-5
4.PSN-6
5.Niger-B
6.Phule Karala (MPKV, Rahuri)

10. Nutrient management
A).Manures:
Add20-25tonesofFYMorcompostatthetimeofsoil
preparation.
B).Fertilizers:
20:20:00kgNPK/ha.

11. Aftercare
Weed management:
Niger is very sensitive to weed competition during first 20-
30 days. Therefore weeding is important.
A). Mechanical weed management.
1. Hand weeding and hoeing.
2. Bullock drown blade harrow.

12. B). Chemical Weed management:
1. Pre emergence application [email protected] lit.a.i.kg/ha.
2. Post emergence application [email protected] kg a.i./ha

13. Crop rotation and intercropping: -
A). Crop rotation:
1. Millet -Niger
2. Rice -Niger
B). Intercropping :
1.Niger + Soybean (3:3/6:3)
2.Niger + Sorghum (2:2)
3.Niger + Sunflower (4:2)

14. Harvesting and yield
A). Maturity Sign:
Leaves turn yellow and starting drop.
1.head flowers turn black.
B). Harvesting:
1.Cutting of plants close to ground.
2.Allow to dry under the sun for 4-5 days.

15. C). Threshing:
1.Threshing is done with help of stick or threshing machine.
2 . Winnowing is carried out.
D). Yield:
1.As a pure crop 300-400 kg/ha.
2.As a intercrop 100-150 kg/ha.

16. Pest & Diseases: -
A). Pest:
1. Hairy caterpillar
2. Aphids
B). Diseases:
1. Powdery mildew
2. Downy mildew
3. Alternaria leaf spot.

17. C) Control measure :
1. Use IDM and IPM practices.
2. Dusting of Carbaryl 10% @ 25 kg/ha.
3. Spraying of 0.2% wettable Sulphur.