Noise Pollution and its effects, its all about noise pollution

its about noise pollution

1. NOISE
POLLUTION

2. INTRODUCTION
Noise has become a very important “stress factor” in our
environment.
The term noise pollution has been recently coined out to place
attention to harsh and unpleasant sounds that are being produced in
this modern day which has lots of health hazards.

3. DEFINITION
Noise is commonly called an unwanted sound, but this definition is
subjective because a sound that seems unwanted to someone may
be pleasant to another person.
Noise is defined as “a wrong sound, in the wrong place, at the wrong
time”.

4. SOURCES OF NOISE
Automobiles
Factories
Industries
Aircrafts
Railways
Loudspeakers of churches/ mosques
Radios
Televisions
Loudspeakers of music on streets etc
Man and animals

5. PROPERTIES OF NOISE
LOUDNESS
FREQUENCY

6. LOUDNESS
Loudness refers to the intensity of the noise which depends on the
amplitude of the vibration that initiated the noise.
The loudness of noise is measured in decibels (dB).
Normal conversation noise- 60-65dB
Whispering- 20-30dB
Heavy street traffic- 60-80dB
Motor car horn-120dB
Boiler factories- 120dB
A daily exposure that an individual can tolerate without damage to
the ear is 85dB

7. LOUDNESS CONTD
Speech 2-3 people- 73dB
Speech on radio- 80dB
Music on radio- 85dB
Children shouting-79 dB
Children crying- 80dB
Vacuum cleaner-76dB
Piano -86dB
Jet take-off- 150 dB

8. FREQUENCY
This is denoted by as Hertz (Hz)
Human ear can hear frequencies from about 20 to 20,000 Hz but this
range is reduced with age and other subjective factors.
The range of vibrations below 20 Hz are infra-audible, and those
above are ultra-sonic
Some animals can hear sound that are inaudible to man.

9. INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING
NOISE
Sound Level Meter- measures the intensity of
sound in Db.
Octave Band Frequency Analyser- measure noise
in octave bands
Audiometer- measures hearing ability

10. EFFECTS OF NOISE
EXPOSURE
AUDITORY EFFECTS
NON-AUDITORY EFFECTS

11. AUDITORY EFFECTS
Auditory fatigue- occur in 90dB and at 4000Hz, associated with
whistling & buzzing in the ear.
Deafness -, hearing loss, this is a serious pathological effect. The
individual involved may not be aware at the early stage. Deafness
may be temporary or permanent, in temporary, disability disappears
24hrs after exposure to the noise, commonly occur at frequency
range of 4000- 6000 Hz, continuous exposure to noise at 100dB can
result in permanent deafness. ( destruction of the organ of corti.
Exposure to noise at 160dB may rupture the tympanic membrane &
cause permanent deafness.

12. NON AUDITORY EFFECTS
Interference with speech- at300-500 Hz range
Annoyance- this is primarily a psychological response, neurotic
people are more sensitive to sound.
Efficiency- where mental concentration is desired, noise may reduce
work output.
Physiological changes- rise in Bp, rise in intracranial pressure, increase
in heart rate, increase in breathing rate, increase in sweating,
Giddiness, nausea & vomiting, sleeplessness, narrowing of pupils.
Economic losses- cost of noise induced hearing loss to industry is great

13. ●Construction: jack hammers, trucks, concrete pouring
●Transportation: cars, busses, trains
●Industrial activity: manufacturing plants
●Domestic activity: neighbor’s music, lawn mowing, home
projects
Urban
Noise
Pollution

️⛰️
Any noise at great enough volume to cause physiological
stress (difficulty communicating, headaches, confusion) or
hearing loss

14. Wildlife
Effects
(land)

⛰️
Noise pollution can disrupt animal
communication, migration, and damage hearing
Physiological stress: caterpillar hearts
beat faster when exposed to simulated
highway noise pollution
Could drive pollinator species
decline
●Hearing: can prevent predators from
hearing prey and vice versa; can prevent
mates from locating each other (both of
these decrease chances of survival)

15. Wildlife
Effects
(Aquatic)

⛰️
Aquatic noise pollution comes from the noise of ship engines, military
sonar, and seismic air blasts from oil & gas surveying ships
Physiological stress: hearing loss,
disrupted communication, mating calls,
predator and prey navigation
Whales are especially prone to
having migration routes disrupted as
their vocal communication is
disrupted
●Seismic surveying ships send huge air blasts
down into the water, searching for oil by
recording how the echo is returned from
ocean floor
So loud that researchers off the coast
of Virginia can detect blasts from coast
of Brazil

16. CONTROL OF NOISE
Careful planning of cities
Control of vehicles
To improve the acoustic insulation of building
Industries and railway must be situated away from residential areas
Protection of exposed persons through use of PPE
Legislation
Education

17. THANKS
FOR
LISTENING

18. REFERENCES
Basavanthapa, B. T., Community Health Nursing (2
nd
edition). Jaypee
brothers medical publishers , New Delhi
Park, K. (18
th
ediition) Park’s textbook of preventive and social
medicine. Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers, India.