Nomenclature-- Dentition

Chapter 4, Dentition

1. Chapter 4 Dentition Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Previous editions copyrighted 1977, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998.

2. The arrangement of teeth is referred to as the dentition. The primary dentition refers to the 20 deciduous teeth. Arrangement of Teeth 2 Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Previous editions copyrighted 1977, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998.

3. Arrangement of Teeth The secondary dentition refers to the 32 permanent teeth. 3 Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Previous editions copyrighted 1977, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998.

4. The dentition is divided into upper and lower arches. The teeth in the upper jaw belong to the maxillary arch. The teeth in the lower jaw belong to the mandibular arch. Arrangement of Teeth 4 Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Previous editions copyrighted 1977, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998.

5. The mandibular and maxillary arches each compose one half of the dentition (16 teeth). The arches are further divided into a right and a left half, making four quadrants, two in each arch. Each quadrant consists of one fourth of the dentition (8 teeth) and has a mirror image on the other side of the arch and an opposing quadrant in the opposite arch. Arrangement of Teeth 5 Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Previous editions copyrighted 1977, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998.

6. The vertical line dividing the right and left sides of the body is the midsagittal plane, called the midline, or median line, of the face. The right and left quadrants are separated by this vertical line, which represents the midline of the skull when facing the patient. Arrangement of Teeth 6 Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Previous editions copyrighted 1977, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998.

7. A permanent dentition quadrant has a central and lateral incisor; canine; first and second premolar; and a first, second, and third molar. A deciduous (primary) quadrant has five teeth: two incisors, a canine, and a first and second molar. Arrangement of Teeth 7 Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Previous editions copyrighted 1977, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998.

8. The permanent teeth that replace or succeed the deciduous teeth are called succedaneous teeth. The permanent molars are nonsuccedaneous teeth because they do not succeed or replace deciduous teeth. The permanent premolars are succedaneous teeth because they replace the deciduous molars. Arrangement of Teeth 8 Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Previous editions copyrighted 1977, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998.

9. A mixed dentition refers to one that comprises some permanent teeth and some deciduous teeth. If any combination of primary and secondary teeth are in the same dentition, then a mixed dentition is present. Arrangement of Teeth 9 Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Previous editions copyrighted 1977, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998.

10. When identifying a specific tooth, list the dentition, arch, quadrant, and tooth name in that order. e.g., permanent [dentition], mandibular [arch], right [quadrant], central incisor [tooth]. Naming and Coding Teeth 10 Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Previous editions copyrighted 1977, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998.

11. Universal System The Universal system uses the Arabic numerals 1 through 32 for permanent teeth and the letters A through T for the primary teeth. Naming and Coding Teeth 11 Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Previous editions copyrighted 1977, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998.

12. Naming and Coding Teeth Universal System (Cont.) The number 1 is assigned to the most posterior molar on the upper right. The permanent mandibular right third molar. 12 Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Previous editions copyrighted 1977, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998.

13. Naming and Coding Teeth Universal System (Cont.) The letter A is given to the primary maxillary right second molar, and the letter T to the primary mandibular right second molar. 13 Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Previous editions copyrighted 1977, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998.

14. Naming and Coding Teeth Palmer Notation System In the Palmer notation system, the quadrants are determined by the intersection of a vertical and a horizontal line. 14 Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Previous editions copyrighted 1977, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998.

15. Naming and Coding Teeth Palmer Notation System (Cont.) Each of the four quadrants is given its own quadrant bracket. 15 Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Previous editions copyrighted 1977, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998.

16. Palmer Notation System (Cont.) The Palmer notation system is a diagram of the teeth as if you were looking at a patient. The teeth in the right quadrant have the bracket to their right. e.g., 3 (permanent maxillary right canine) The teeth in the left quadrant have the bracket to their left. e.g., 3 (permanent maxillary left canine) Naming and Coding Teeth 16 Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Previous editions copyrighted 1977, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998.

17. Palmer Notation System (Cont.) The number or letter assigned to each tooth depends on its position relative to the midline. The lowest number is closest to the midline and the farther the teeth are from the midline, then the higher is the number assigned to the tooth. Naming and Coding Teeth 17 Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Previous editions copyrighted 1977, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998.

18. Palmer Notation System (Cont.) Central incisors Lateral incisors Canines First premolars Second premolars First molars Second molars Third molars Naming and Coding Teeth 18 Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Previous editions copyrighted 1977, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998.

19. Naming and Coding Teeth Palmer Notation System (Cont.) Capital letters A through E are used for primary teeth. 19 Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Previous editions copyrighted 1977, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998.

20. Federation Dentaire Internationale System (FDI) Each tooth, deciduous or permanent, is given a two-digit number. No duplicate numbers or letters are used. The first digit indicates the quadrant whether the tooth is permanent or deciduous. Naming and Coding Teeth 20 Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Previous editions copyrighted 1977, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998.

21. Naming and Coding Teeth 21 Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Previous editions copyrighted 1977, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998.

22. Federation Dentaire Internationale System (Cont.) Each quadrant is symbolized by a specific first digit, and all teeth in that quadrant have the same first digit. The second digit depends on the position the tooth occupies relative to the midline. The lowest number is given to the tooth closest to the midline. Naming and Coding Teeth 22 Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Previous editions copyrighted 1977, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998.

23. Federation Dentaire Internationale System (Cont.) Deciduous teeth have their own first-digit number identifying each specific quadrant. The second digit denotes the position the tooth occupies relative to the midline. Naming and Coding Teeth 23 Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Previous editions copyrighted 1977, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998.

24. Naming and Coding Teeth 24 Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Previous editions copyrighted 1977, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998.