Non aqueous solvents / solvents - B.Sc.

B.Sc. semester-1 non aqueous solvents
protic and aprotic solvents
protogenic solvents
protophilic solvents
amphiprotic solvents
ionizing and nonionizing solvents

1. NON AQUEOUS SOLVENTS CECH – 303 UNIT – 4 A BY – Ms MAYURI R SOMPURA HJD INSTITUTE KUTCH

2. INTRODUCTION :- Solvents have two important roles in chemical reactions :- Distribution of substances in smaller particles, so reactants come in close contact with each other inorder to give more products. example : barium chloride and silver nitrate rate of reaction reaction is slow in solid phase but comparitively faster in solution phase.

3. INTRODUCTION :- Solvents have two important roles in chemical reactions :- 2. Analysis and purification of products. example : barium chloride and silver nitrate forms silver chloride which can be quickly separated and washed using water.

4. INTRODUCTION :- Some reaction needs change in solvents. By doing change in medium product may also change. Example :- Aqueous solution of ammonium chloride and lithium nitrate do not react, but with liquid ammonia gives precipitates of lithiu m chloride.

5. INTRODUCTION : - WATER IS A UNIVERSAL SOLVENT :- Its plenty occurrence. Dissolves large number of inorganic and organic compounds. Convenient to handle. Non poisonous nature. Wide range of physical and chemical characteristics. High permittivity – dielectric constant – 78.5 High dipole moment – 1.85 High specific conductivity.

6. Classification :- BASED ON CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES :-

7. PROTIC AND APROTIC SOLVENTS :- The solvent which gives solvated proton by its auto-ionization is calle as protic solvents . Example :- H 2 O, NH 3, HF The solvent which doesnot give solvated proton by its auto-ionization is called as aprotic solvents. Example :- SO 2 , BF 2, CS 2

8. Classification of protic solvents :-

9. Classification of protic solvents :- ACIDIC OR PROTOGENIC SOLVENTS :- The acidic solvents are those solvents which have tendency of donating the protons. Example :- HF, Sulphuric acid, acetic acid BASIC OR PROTOPHILICSOLVENTS :- The basic solvents are those solvents which have tendency of accepting the protons. Example :- ammonia, pyridine, hydrazine

10. Classification of protic solvents :- AMPHIPROTIC SOLVENTS :- The amphiprotic solvents are those solvents which have tendency of both donating and accepting the protons. Example :- water, methanol, ethanol

11. Classification of aprotic solvents :- EXAMPLE – BENZENE, CARBON TETRACHLORIDE EXAMPLE – ACETONITRILE, DIMETHYL SULPHOXIDE, EXAMPLE – BORON TETRAFLUORIDE

12. Classification of ionizing and non ionizing solvents :- Depends upon whether the solvent is polar (ionized) or non polar (non ionized). The value of dipole moment and di-electric constant of non polar solvents are less. The value of dipole moment and di-electric constant of polar solvents are more. Polar or ionic solvents dissolve the ionic compounds and by auto-ionization they give ions. Non polar or non ionic solvents dissolve the ionic compounds and by auto-ionization they give ions.

13. Classification of ionizing and non ionizing solvents :-

14. Classification of aqueous and non aqueous solvents :- Except water all other solvents are non aqueous solvents. Non ionic solvents is more important in organic chemistry. Ionic compounds become ionized and give ionic reactions.