Non Mendelian Genetics (Students Copy).pptx

Non mendelian

1. Non-Mendelian Pattern of Inheritance

2. PRELIMINARIES 01. PRAYER 02. SOUND AND VIDEO CHECK 03. ATTENDANCE 04. REMINDERS

3. “Difficult roads often lead to beautiful destinations” FOOD FOR THE SOUL

4. Let’s Review! Go to www.quizizz.com

5. Let’s Have a Brain Break!

6. 1.1 Identify characters whose inheritance does not conform with predicted outcomes based on Mendel’s Law of Inheritance; 1.2 Solve genetic problems related to incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles and sex-linked traits; and 1.3 Identify the law that was not strictly followed in the non-Mendelian inheritance. NON MENDELIAN GENETICS 01.

7. Mendelian Genetics (Complete Dominance) Only two possible Phenotypes: either dominant or recessive Tall plant X Short plant = Tall plant (TT) (tt) (Tt)

8. Non-Mendelian Genetics But, not all inheritance is based on the rules of Complete Dominance!!

9. Introduction Mendelian Genetics describes inheritance patterns based on Complete Dominance or Recessiveness. There are other types of inheritance that Mendel never considered: Incomplete Inheritance Codominance Multiple Alleles Polygenic Traits Sex-linked NONMENDELIAN GENETICS

10. Incomplete Inheritance The hybrid (heterozygous) offspring displays a THIRD Phenotype!! Neither trait is completely dominant, as a result, there appears to be a blending phenotype . Red Flower X White Flower = Pink (RR) (WW) (RW)

11. Incomplete Inheritance Problem What is the probability of pink flowers if pink flowers are bred with red flowers? R R R W RR RR R W R W 50% chance of Pink Flowers

12. Incomplete Inheritance Problem What is the probability of white flowers if pink flowers are bred with pink flowers?

13. Let’s Have a Brain Break!

14. CoDominance Both traits are dominant, and show up in the phenotype together. Co means “together” Black Cow X White Cow = S p o t t e d C o w (BB) (WW) (BW)

15. CoDominance Problem What are all the possible phenotypes when two spotted cows are bred? B B W W BB B W B W WW Possible phenotypes are a black cow, 2 spotted cows, and a white cow

16. Below are imaginary organisms. Note horn shape, leg length, fur color and tail shape. Now determine the type of inheritance of the four traits by examining the genotypes of the parents and offspring.

17. Let’s Have a Brain Break!

18. Blood type displays both co-dominance and complete dominance Red Blood cells can either have a carbohydrate on their surface or not. The presence of a carbohydrate ( I ) is dominant to the absence of a carb (i). Additionally, there are two types of carbs that may exist on the surface of RBCs called A ( I A ) and B ( I B ) . Cell surface carbs A and B are codominant, which means they could also show up at the same time on an RBC.

19. Blood Type Inheritance Rules: A person with the I A allele will have A carbohydrates. A person with the I B allele will have B carbohydrates. Or a person with both I A and I B alleles will have both A and B carbohydrates on their cells. A person with the recessive i allele will have no carbohydrates . Cells Genotypes Blood types I A i, I A I A Type A blood I B i, I B I B Type B blood I A I B Type AB blood ii Type O blood

20. Blood Type Inheritance Rules: There are 4 main blood groups defined by the ABO system: blood group A – has A antigens on the red blood cells with anti-B antibodies in the plasma blood group B – has B antigens with anti-A antibodies in the plasma blood group O – has no antigens, but both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma blood group AB – has both A and B antigens, but no antibodies Cells Genotypes Blood types I A i, I A I A Type A blood I B i, I B I B Type B blood I A I B Type AB blood ii Type O blood

21. Blood Type Problems If a woman with AB blood has children with a man who has type O, what will be the possible genotypes of their children? What will be their blood types? I A I B i i I A i I A i I B i I B i

22. Blood Type Problems Blood Type Problem 2 : A woman with type B blood has a child with type O blood. How is this possible if her husband has type A blood?

23. Let’s Have a Brain Break!

24. Multiple Alleles When more than 2 varieties exist in a trait. Many animals have a variety of coat colors.

25. Multiple Alleles

26. Multiple Alleles

27. Polygenic Traits Require more than one gene (allele) to determine trait. Skin tone is determined by 4-6 genes—that means that there may be six different chromosomes involved!

28. Polygenic Traits

29. Sex-linked Inheritance Genes for some traits are found on the sex chromosomes (X or y) Most of these traits are recessive the normal gene is dominant Heterozygous Females (XX c ) are carriers . They do not show the trait, but carry a gene for the trait . Homozygous Females (X c X c ) have the trait Males with the gene (X c Y) have the trait.—They do not have another X to counterbalance the affected gene

30. Color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait. The gene for this trait is inherited through the X chromosome. If a woman with normal vision has children with a man who is colorblind, what are the chances that their children will be colorblind? Will any children be carriers of the trait? X c Y X X XX c XX c XY XY

31. Non-Mendelian Genetics What are the similarities and differences between each of these forms of inheritance? How will you remember? What are examples of each type? Incomplete inheritance CoDominance Multiple Alleles Polygenic Traits Sex-linked inheritance

32. 3-2-1 Summary 3 Important Learnings 2 Unclear Concepts 1 Question