Non-verbal communication and barriers to communication

Types of non-verbal communication and barriers resulting in ineffective communication between the sender and receiver.

1. Non-verbal communication and Barriers to communication Submitted By: Mr. Ishan Dey BBA IIIrd (C) ITM University

2. Non-verbal Communication Gestures, Facial expressions, Tone of voice, Eye contact (or lack thereof), Body language, posture, And other ways people can communicate without using language. ‹#›

3. Types of nonverbal communication KINESICS PROXEMICS HAPTICS OCULESICS OLFACTICS CHRONEMICS CHROMATICS SIGN LANGUAGE ‹#›

4. Verbal and nonverbal activity is a unified whole, and theory and methodology should be organized or created to treat it as such. -Kenneth. L. Pike. ‹#›

5. KINESICS The word kinesics comes from the root word kinesis , which means “movement,” and refers to the study of hand, arm, body, and face movements. This section outlines the use of gestures, head movements and posture, eye contact, and facial expressions as nonverbal communication. ‹#›

6. PROXEMICS ‹#› Proxemics refers to the study of how space and distance influence communication. We all have varying definitions of what our “personal space” is, and these definitions are contextual and depend on the situation and the relationship. Although our bubbles are invisible, people are socialized into the norms of personal space within their cultural group.

7. HAPTICS ‹#› R efers to the study of communication by touch. We probably get more explicit advice and instruction on how to use touch than any other form of nonverbal communication. A lack of nonverbal communication competence related to touch could have negative interpersonal consequences; for example, if we don’t follow the advice we’ve been given about the importance of a firm handshake, a person might make negative judgments about our confidence or credibility. A lack of competence could have more dire negative consequences, including legal punishment, if we touch someone inappropriately (intentionally or unintentionally).

8. OCULESICS Oculesics, a subcategory of kinesics, is the study of eye movement, eye behavior, gaze, and eye-related nonverbal communication. The specific definition varies depending on whether it applies to the fields of medicine or social science. ‹#›

9. OLFACTICS ‹#› Olfactics involves communicative functions associated with the sense of smell, such as body odors, use of perfumes, etc. These may be genetically defined and rely on a more spontaneous form of communication.

10. CHRONEMICS ‹#› Chronemics refers to the study of how time affects communication. How long should it take to respond to a customer’s request for assistance or information? If they call on the phone, how long should they be on hold? How soon should they expect a response to an email? As a skilled business communicator, you will know to anticipate normative expectations and do your best to meet those expectations more quickly than anticipated. Your prompt reply or offer of help in response to a request, even if you cannot solve the issue on the spot, is often regarded positively, contributing to the formation of positive communication interactions.

11. CHROMATICS ‹#› Chromatics is communication through the use of color. It falls in category of nonverbal communication. Colors of clothing, products or gifts send intended or unintended messages to the recipient of message. Hence professionally you need to be cautious what color clothes you wear during meetings with clients, colleagues, vendors. Also you need to take extra care to decide the color for packaging your products or gifts .

12. SIGN LANGUAGE ‹#› Sign languages (also known as signed languages) are languages that use the visual-manual modality to convey meaning. Sign languages are expressed through manual articulations in combination with non-manual elements. Sign languages are full-fledged natural languages with their own grammar and lexicon. Sign languages are not universal and they are not mutually intelligible with each other, although there are also striking similarities among sign languages.

13. They are referred to as barriers because they create impediments to the progress of the interaction. Identification of these barriers is extremely important. According to the role observed by the two participants, let us categorize the barriers as: Sender oriented, Receiver-oriented ‹#› BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION

14. Badly Expressed Message Lost in Transmission Semantic Problem Over/Under Communication ‘I’ -Attitude Prejudices Sender Oriented Communication Barriers ‹#›

15. ‹#› Badly Expressed Message : Not being well versed in the topic under discussion can create problems of this nature. The sender may not be able to structure his ideas accurately and efficiently. What he wishes to say and what he finally imparts may not be the same. Lost in Transmission : The responsibility lies with the sender, as he should ensure that all channels are free of noise before commencing communication. Semantic Problem : High and big sounding words look and sound impressive. But if the receiver is not able to comprehend the impact of these words, or if they sound ‘Greek’ or ‘Latin’ to him, the entire exercise proves futile.

16. ‹#› Over/Under Communication : The quantum of communication should be just right. Neither should there be excess information nor should it be too scanty. ‘I’ -Attitude : If the sender starts every sentence with “I”, it gradually leads to what is referred to as the I-syndrome. He would not be receptive to changes if suggested by the receiver; as such, changes would go against his formulation of certain views. Prejudices : Starting any piece of communication with a bias or know-it-all attitude can prove to be quite detrimental to the growth of the communication process. Though it is easier said than done, still, when communication commences, all sorts of prejudices should be done away with, and the mind should be free of bias.

17. Receiver Oriented Communication Barriers Poor Retention Inattentive Listening Tendency to Evaluate Interests and Attitudes Conflicting Information Differing Status and Position Resistance to Change Refutations and Arguments ‹#›

18. ‹#› Poor Retention : Retention is extremely important during the interaction. If the receiver has poor retention capability, he would probably get lost in the course of the proceedings. Inattentive Listening : The errors in listening arise primarily because the receiver is either not interested in what is being said, or has other things to concentrate on . Tendency to Evaluate : Being judgmental and evaluative are both the starting points for miscommunication. Remember, one mind cannot perform two activities at the same time. If it is evaluating, listening cannot take place. Interests and Attitudes : “I am not interested in what you are saying” or “My interest lies in other areas”. Starting any piece of communication with this kind of indifference can thwart any attempts at communication.

19. ‹#› Conflicting Information : The conflict between the existing information and fresh one results in the elimination of the latter unless and until the receiver is cautious and verifies with the sender the reliability and validity of the message. Differing Status and Position : Position in the organizational hierarchy is no criterion to determine the strength of ideas and issues. Resistance to Change : Fixed ideas, coupled with an unwillingness to change or discuss, hampers listening and results in miscommunication. Refutations and Arguments : Refutations and arguments are negative.Trying to communicate with the sender on the premise that refutations and arguments can yield fruitful results would prove to be futile.

20. CONCLUSION Ineffective communication can lead to the failure of a project and even closure of a process or an organization. ‹#›

21. thanks! ‹#›