Normal fault

normal fault presentation by kh waqas khan

1. Presented By : Kh Waqas Yousaf Roll. No # 08 Presented To : Dr. Jahanzab Khan Subject : NeoTectonics Session : 2019-2021 Normal Fault

2. What is Fault? Fracture Surface in rock across which there is relative motion parallel to the surface between the adjacent blocks of the rock. The force may be tensional or compressional.

3. Strike Slip Fault Dip Slip Fault/Normal Fault Diagonal Slip Fault/ Oblige Fault Classification of fault Faults are classified in two types: a- Geometric b- Genetic A- Geometric classification of faults:

4. Faults in which the hanging wall move downward with respect to foot wall. They emplace younger rocks on the top of older rocks. Most Normal Faults have steep dips of about 60 ° . Normal faults Hanging wall Foot wall

5. Normal fault exits at all level in the crust. The surface features of faults vary with the shape of the fault, the depth at which movement on the fault occurred. At shallow level, normal faults develop cataclastic rocks, slickensides, and slickenside lineations . At deeper structural levels, normal fault develop feature associated with ductile deformation, including mylonitic textures which may be present in shear zones tens to hundreds of meters in thickness. Features of the Normal Fault

6. Detachment fault. Structural association of normal fault.

7. 2- Imbricate Fault Structural association of normal fault. The set of parallel faults which are closely spaced parallel faults of the same type that either terminate or merge with detachment fault. Normal Faults in the hanging wall may form set of imbricate faults. 3 - Imbricate Fault The faults which are concave upward fault Whose dip decreases with the increasing depth

8. Structural association of normal fault. 4- Horst & Graben

9. Structural association of normal fault. 5 - Half Graben

10. Structural association of normal fault. 6 - Synthetic And Antithetic Fault

11. Displacement on ideal normal faults is parallel to the dip of the fault surface. If the strike of the fault varies, however, rigid movement o the HW block relative to the FW block cannot everywhere be down the dip of the fault .(Fig.1&2). Movement on normal fault can be either nonrotational or rotational, depending on whether the orientation of the fault block remain constant or changes as a result of faulting. Displacement on Normal Fault.

12. Fig. Displacement on normal faults with a ramp-flat geometry, showing characteristic deformation of the hanging wall. A fault-ramp syncline. A fault-bend anticline. f Fig. 1 Fig. 2