NOSE ANATOMY with complete description.pdf

This cavity is divided into two separate cavities by the septum and kept patent by a bone and cartilaginous framework. Each cavity consists of a roof, floor, medial wall, and lateral wall. Within each cavity are three regions; nasal vestibule, respiratory region, and olfactory region.

1. ANATOMY OF
NOSE
~BY
SANJANA
4TH YEAR UG
KARNATAKA AYURVEDA MEDICAL COLLEGE

2. CONTENTS
01
Introduction
02
External
Nose
03
Internal
Nose
04 05
Nerve
Supply
Blood
Supply &
Lymphatics

3. The nose performs two functions:
1. Organ of smell- Receptors for smell are placed in
the upper 1/3rd of the nasal cavity and is lined by
olfactory mucosa.
2.Respiratory passage -The rest of the nasal cavity
is lined by respiratory mucosa which is highly
vascular and warms the inspired air.
For descriptive purposes, the nose is divided
into two main parts, the External Nose and
Nasal Cavity (Internal Nose).
INTRODUCTION

4. HISTOLOGY

5. HISTOLOGY

6. EXTERNAL PARTS

7. LOCATION
OF NOSE

8. EXTERNAL NOSE
OSTEOCARTILAGENOUS
FRAMEWORK
NASAL
MUSCULATURE
NASAL
SKIN
1.BONY PART
2.CARTILAGENOUS PART-
a). Upper Lateral cartilage
b). Lower Lateral cartilage
c). Lesser Alar/sesmoid cartilages
d). Septal cartilage
Pyramidal in shape, root upwards & base
directed downwards.

9. BONY PART
Upper 1/3rd-bony
Lower 2/3rd- cartilaginous.
The bony part consists of two nasal bones
which meet in the midline
It rests on the upper part of the nasal
process of the frontal bones
Held between the frontal processes of
the maxillae.
OSTEOCARTILAGINOUS
FRAMEWORK

11. CARTILAGENOUS PART
It consists of:
1. Upper lateral cartilages:
Extends from the undersurface of the nasal bones
above, to the alar cartilages below.
They fuse with each other and with the upper
border of the septal cartilage in the midline
anteriorly.
The lower free edge of upper lateral cartilage is
seen intranasally as limen vestibule, nasal valve or
limen nasi on each side.
2. Lower lateral cartilages (alar cartilages):
Each alar cartilage is U-shaped.
It has a lateral crus which forms the ala and a
medial crus which runs in the columella.
Lateral crus overlaps lower edge of upper lateral
cartilage on each side.

12. CARTILAGENOUS PART
3. Lesser alar (or sesamoid) cartilages:
They are two or more in number.
They lie above and lateral to the alar
cartilages.
The various cartilages and bones are
connected to each other by perichondrium and
periosteum.
Most of the free margin of nostril is formed of
fibrofatty tissue and not the alar cartilage.
4. Septal cartilage:
Also called quadrangular or quadrilateral
cartilage
It supports the dorsum of the cartilaginous part
of the nose.

14. Muscles bring about movements
of the nasal tip, ala and the
overlying skin.
They are:
1.Procerus
2.Nasalis (transverse and alar parts)
3.Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
4.Anterior and posterior dilator nares
5.Depressor septi.
NASAL MUSCULATURE

15. The skin over the nasal
bones and upper lateral
cartilages is thin and freely
mobile
While that covering the
alar cartilages is thick and
adherent, and contains
many sebaceous glands.

NASAL SKIN
It is the hypertrophy of these
sebaceous glands which gives rise to
a lobulated tumour called
Rhinophyma.

16. VESTIBULE OF NOSE
NASAL CAVITY PROPER
1. Nasal valve
2. Nasal valve
area
3. External
nasal valve
INTERNAL
NOSE
1. Lateral wall
2. Medial wall
3. Roof
4. Floor

18. 1.NASAL VALVE
Sometimes called internal nasal valve.
The upper lateral cartilage meets the
nasal septum in the midline forming an
angle of 10-15°.
This is the narrowest area in the nose and
plays an important part in regulating the
flow of air into the nose and
humidification.
VESTIBULE OF NOSE

19. 2.NASAL VALVE AREA
It is the cross-sectional area at the level of lower
border of upper lateral cartilage, corresponding part
of caudal septum and head of inferior turbinate.
Measures nearly 55-73 mm.
VESTIBULE OF NOSE

20. 3.EXTERNAL NASAL VALVE
External nasal valve is the cross-
sectional area of the nasal
vestibule, i.e. the opening of
nasal vestibule.
It is made of alar cartilage and
fibro-fatty tissue and is controlled
by nasal muscles.
VESTIBULE OF NOSE

21. NASAL CAVITY PROPER

22. NASAL CAVITY PROPER

23. 3 or 4 turbinates/conchae mark the
lateral wall of nose.
Conchae or turbinates are scroll-like
bony projections covered by mucous
membrane.
CONCHAES
1.The inferior concha is an independent bone.
2.The middle concha is a projection from the
medial surface of ethmoidal labyrinth
3.The superior concha is also a projection from the
medial surface of the ethmoidal labyrinth. This is
the smallest concha situated just above the
posterior part of the middle concha
NASAL CAVITY PROPER
1.LATERAL NASAL WALL

25. NASAL CAVITY PROPER
The spaces below the turbinates are called meatuses.
1.Inferior Meatus
It is a separate bone and below it, opens the nasolacrimal duct guarded
at its terminal end by a mucosal valve called Hasner's valve
2.Middle Meatus
lies underneath the middle concha. It presents the opening for
a. Ethmoidal bulla
b. Hiatus semilunaris
c. infundibulum
d. The opening of frontal air Sinus.
f. The opening of maxillary air sinus
3.Superior Meatus
lies below the superior concha.
This is the shortest and shallowest of the three meatuses.
It receives the openings of the posterior ethmoidal air sinuses.
1.LATERAL NASAL WALL

28. Nasal septum consists of three parts:
1. Columellar Septum: It is formed of columella containing the medial crura of alar cartilages
united together by fibrous tissue and covered on either side by skin.
2. Membranous Septum: It consists of a double layer of skin with no bony or cartilaginous
support. It lies between the columella and the caudal border of septal cartIlage.
Both columellar and membranous parts are freely movable from side to side.
3. Septum Proper: It consists of osteocartilaginous framework, covered with nasal mucous
membrane. Its principal constituents are
1. The perpendicular plate of ethmoid.
2. The vomer.
3. A large septal (quadrilateral) cartilage wedged between the above two bones anteriorly.
NASAL CAVITY PROPER
2.MEDIAL WALL

29. SEPTUM PROPER

30. This is the vascula area in the anteroinferior
part of nasal septum just above the vestibule.
1.
Anterior ethmoidal, sphenopalatine, greater
palatine and septal branch of superior labial
arteries and their corresponding veins form an
anastomosis here.
2.
This is the commonest site for epistaxis. 3.
This is also the site for origin of the "bleeding
polypus" (haemangioma) of nasal septum.
4.
NASAL CAVITY PROPER
2.MEDIAL WALL
Little's Area or
Kiesselbach's Plexus

31. Anterior sloping part of the roof is formed by
nasal bones, posterior sloping part is formed
by the body of sphenoid bone and the middle
horizontal part is formed by the cribriform
plate of ethmoid through which the olfactory
nerves enter the nasal cavity.
NASAL CAVITY PROPER
3.ROOF

32. It is formed by palatine process of the maxilla in its anterior
3/4th and horizontal part of the palatine bone in its posterior
1/4th.
4.FLOOR
NASAL CAVITY PROPER

33. NERVE SUPPLY
1.Olfactory Nerves:
They carry the sense of smell and supply olfactory region of
nose.These nerves can carry sheaths of dura, arachnoid and pia with
them into the nose. Injury to these nerves can open CSF space
leading to CSF rhinorrhoea or meningitis.
2.Nerves of Common Sensation They are:
1. Anterior ethmoidal nerve.
2. Branches of sphenopalatine ganglion.
3. Branches of infraorbital nerve.
3.Autonomic nerve
parasympathetic nerve fibres cause vasodilation
sympathetic nerve fibres cause vasoconstriction.

34. BLOOD SUPPLY

35. BLOOD SUPPLY

36. Venous Drainage
The veins form a plexus which drains anteriorly
into the facial vein;
posteriorly, into the pharyngeal plexus of veins;
and from the middle part, to the pterygoid plexus
of veins.

37. LYMPHATIC SUPPLY
Lymphatics from the anterior half of the
lateral wall pass to the submandibular
nodes, and from wall posterior half, to the
retropharyngeal and upper deep cervical
nodes.

38. THANK
YOU