NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION (1) microbiolohy-1.ppt

Microbiology

1. Nosocomial infection
Noem Dawood
Lecturer
Dow University of
Health Sciences.

2. DEFINATION
DERIVED FROM 2 GREEK WORDS
NOSUS -DISEASE
KOMENIAN *-TO TAKE CARE OF
HAI OCCURS WITHIN 48 HOURS AFTER
ADMISSION OR WITHIN 30 DAYS OF
DISCHARGE.

3. EPIDEMIOLOGY
THE CDC UNITED STATES ESTIMATED
1.7 MILLIONS HAI EACH YERR OVER THE
GLOBE
99000 DEATHS ANNUALLY IN THE
WORLD
80000 DEATHS YEARLY IN INDIA ONLY
25000 DEATHS YRLY BY Gm -ve only

4. Sources of Infection
Endogenous
Normal
cutaneous flora
GIT Flora
Perinial Flora
Exogenous
Cross Infection
among pts and staff
Fomites
Instrumentation

5. Spread of infection
The hands are the most important vehicle of
transmission of HAI

6. Spread of Infection
Air –born
Drop let
Contact
BBF
Vector born

7. Factors increasing the incidence of
nosocomial infeciton
Patient related factors
Advance age
Premature birth
Chronic sever anemia
Immunocompromised PTS
Rx with immunosuppressives

8. Factors increasing the incidence of
nosocomial infeciton
Hospital related factors
Long stay in hospital
Inappropriate use of antibiotic
Poor compliance of the staff regarding
asepsis
Poor ventilation
Inefficient biomedical waste management

9. Control of HAI
Hand hygiene is the single most important
measure for control of nosocomial infections

10. Practice standards precautions

11. Hand washing

12. Protect yourself through immunization
Immunization
BCG
Hepatitis B
Tetanus
Rubella
Varcella
Influenza

13. Measures which can be adapted in our
hospital
Timely maintenance of AC and other ventilation
systems
Isolation of infectious patents ( Koch's)
Restricting mobility and numbers of visitors as per
the time schedule
Ensuring supply of high grade antimicrobial soaps
and other surface agents
Avoiding unnecessary use of injectables when oral
formulation can be used with the same efficacy