nosocomial infection

nosocomial infection are those healthcare associated infection which a patient can get during hospitalization . a majority of these infections are preventable . as these infections pose a very delitirious affect on the patient recovery and also increases the financial burden. each and every paramedical and medical professional is expected to be aware about prevention and control of nosocomial infection.

1. NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION MS BHAWNA NURSING TRAINER

2. DEFINITION THE INFECTION WHICH ARE NEWLY ACQUIRED WITHIN THE HOSPITAL SETTINGS . SUCH INFECTION CAN BE ACQUIRED IN HOSPITAL, NURSING HOME , REHABILITATION CENTNOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS ALSO KNOWN AS HEALTHCARE ACQUIRED INFECTION (HAIs) THEY ARE RE AND OTHER CLINICAL SETTINGS

3. CONSEQUENCES OF HAIs HOSPITAL STAY PROLONGATION INCREASED MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY LONG TERM CONSEQUENCES ON THE HEALTH OF PATIENT INCREASE IN COST OF TREATMENT

4. RELEVANT DATA TO NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION ACCORDING TO WHO OUT OF TOTAL ADMITTED PATIENTS 15% DEVELOPS HEALTHCARE ACQUIRED INFECTIONS IN A RECENT STUDY IT HAS BEEN STATED THAT HAIs ARE MOSTLY OCCUR IN ICU (INTENSIVE CARE UNIT ) OUT OF EVERY 10 PATIENTS IN ICU 1 WILL DEVELOP HAIs AND THE MOST COMMON HAIs IS URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS

5. CRITERIA FOR HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTION INFECTION MUST OCCUR UPTO 48hrs AFTER HOSPITALISATION UPTO 3 DAYS AFTER DISCHARGE UPTO 30 DAYS AFTER SURGERY IN CLINICAL SETTING , WHERE PATIENT IS ADMITTED FOR REASON OTHER THAN INFECTION

6. PRACTICAL CRITERIA TO NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION EVIDENCE TO SAY PATIENT HAS THIS INFECTION NOT SIMPLY COLONISATION PATIENT WAS NOT INFECTED AT THE TIME OF ADMISSION OR INCUBATING HAD ENOUGH OF TIME TO DEVELOP INFECTION

7. RISK FACTORS OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY INVASIVE DEVICES MEDICATIONS OR TREATMENT ELDERLY URINARY CATHETARS PROLONG USE OF ANTIBIOTICS PREMATURE BABIES ENDITRACHEAL INTUBATION REPEATED BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS POOR STATE OF HEALTH CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETAR LINES SURGERY IMMUNOCOMPROMISED STATE ENDOSCOPES PATIENT UNDER RADIOTHERAPY , OR CHEMOTHERAPY UNCONTROLLED METABOLIC DISEASED CONDITION SURGICAL DRAINS TREATMENT LIKE DIALYSIS . ECMO

8. PRINCIPLE PATHOGENS OF HAIs INFECTION AGENT EXAMPLE BACTERIA Staphylococcus aureus Pseudomonas aeruginosa Streptococcus pyogenes Flavobacterium species E.coli VIRUS Hepatitis b virus Cytomegalo virus FUNGI Candida albicans Aspergilla Saprophytic fungi PARASITE Pneumocystitis carinii

9. SOURCES OF THESE INFECTION AGENTS OWN FLORA OF PATIENT CROSS INFECTION FROM HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS CROSS INFECTION FROM OTHER PATIENTS HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT , INANIMATE NON LIVING OBJECTS LIKE BEDPANS , ENDOSOPES . INSTRUMENTS ETC.

10. EXOGENOUS SOURCES AND TYPE OF INFECTION THAT CAN BE ACQUIRED SOURCE PATHOGEN ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION PERSONS Staphylococcus aureus airborne Hospital staff hands and clothes Staphylococcus aureus Gram – ve bacteria airborne contact fomites Same as above contact Inadequately sterilised instruments Same as above clostridia contact Food Escheria coli Salmonella Other gram – ve bacteria contact

11. ENDOGENOUS SOURCES AND TYPE OF INFECTION SOURCE PATHOGEN TYPE OF INFECTION skin Staphylococcus aureus Wound infection Skin sepsis intestine Enterobacteriasease clostridia Urinary tract infections Respiratory tract infections Septicemia Gas gangrene Post op wound infections Female genital tract Gram negative bacteria Urinary tract infections

12. MODES OF TRANSMISSION

13. MODES OF TRANSMISSION

14. MODES OF TRANSMISSION AIRBORNE

15. COMMON TYPES OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS

16. OVERVIEW OF COMMON NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS ACQUIRED THROUGH CAUSE URINARY TRCT INFECTION INDWELLING CATHETAR , INSTRUMENTATION OF URINARY TRACT E. Coli , klebsiella , serratia PNEUMONIA ASPIRATION , PROLONGED INTUBATION Staph aureus , proteus WOUND AND SKIN SEPSIS SUGICAL PROCEDURES Enterococci , pseudomonas , clostridium GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTION CONTAMINATED FOOD Salmonella , shigella BACTERIMIA SEPTICEMIA INVASIVE PROCEDURES INVOLVING BLOODSTREAM Gram negative bacilli TETANUS IMPROPER WOUND HANDLING Clostridium tetani

17. RESISTANT TYPES OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS

18. DIAGNOSIS OF HAIs BY CLINICAL MANIFESTATION , BY BLOOD CULTURES BY URINE CULTURE SAMPLING FROM INANIMATE OBJECTS

19. LETS KILL THE POSSIBILITY OF INFECTION

20. PREVENTION OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION HAND HYGIENE AND STANDARD PRECAUTIONS USE AND CARE OF URINARY CATHETAR USE AND CARE OF VASCULAR ACCESS PREVENTION OF CROSS INFECTION

21. HAND HYGIENE BEFORE EVERY INVASIVE AND NON INVASIVE PROCEDURES AFTER EVERY INVASIVE AND NON INVASIVE PROCEDURES AFTER CONTACT WITH BODY FLUIDS , WOUNDS ETC AFTER TOUCHING ANY EQUIPMENT O ARTICLE OF PATIENT UNIT AFTER REMOVING GLOVES BEFORE OPENING ANY MEDICAL DEVICES OR ARTICLE

22. HAND WASHING TECHNIQUE

23. EFFECTIVE USAGE OF PPE GLOVES FACE MASK AND SHIELD APRON GOWN SHOE COVER HEAD CAP EYE SHIELD

24. SAFE NEEDLE PRACTICES

25. SURFACE DISINFECTION DISINFECTION OF ALL CONTAMINATED AND CLEAN SURFACES TO REDUCE CHANCES OF INFECTION PROPER TIME SHOULD BE GIVEN FOR DISINFECTION EDUCATION TO STAFF , FAMILY VISITORS ABOUT INFECTION CONTROL

26. RISK ASSESSMENT AND ISOLATION OF PATIENT

27. ISOLATION OF PATIENT IF REQUIRED

28. PROPER DISPOSAL OF WASTE

29. ESTABLISHMENT OF HAICC (HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTION CONTROL COMMITTEE ) PROTECT THE PATIENT PROTECT THE STAFF AND VISITORS DO ABOVE WORK IN A SYSTEMATIC AND COST EFFECTIVE WAY

30. PREVENTION IS ALWAYS BETTER THAN CURE

31. THANK YOU