Nosocomial Infection................pptx

Nosocomial Infection

1. Nosocomial Infection RUSHIKESH HANGE FINAL YEAR BASIC BSC NURSING

2. DEFINITION 1. Nosocomial Infection are infection acquired during the process of
receiving health care that was not present during the time of admission.
2. An infection acquired in a health-care facility
3. Nosocomial infection is defined as a localized or systemic infection,
occurring at least 48 hours after hospital admission, that was not
present at the time of admission .

3. Types ➢ Exogenous Nosocomial Infection Pathogen acquired from health-care environment
ex: clostridium ➢ Endogenous Nosocomial Infection Normal flora multiply and cause infection as a result of treatment
ex: yeast infection

4. ➢ Iatrogenic Iatrogenic infection was defined as an infection after medical or surgical
management, whether or not the patient was hospitalized.
ex: UTI from foley’s insertion

5. Risk factors ➢ Age –Very young and very old
➢ Poor nutritional status
➢ Smoker
➢ Alcoholic
➢ Existing co-morbid conditions
➢ Chronic illnesses, chemo,radiation ➢ Clients with invasive procedures
➢ Clients with prolonged stress

6. MODE OF TRANSMISSION 1) Contact transmission Direct contact occurs through skin-to-skin contact, kissing, and sexual
intercourse. Direct contact also refers to contact with soil or vegetation harboring infectious organisms. 2) Droplet transmission Transmission occurs when droplets containing microbes from the
infected person are propelled a short distance through the air and
deposited on the patient’s body; droplets are generated from the source
performance of certain procedures, such as bronchoscopy.

7. 3) Airborne transmission Airborne transmission occurs when infectious agents are carried by dust
or droplet nuclei suspended in air. 4) Common vehicle transmission This applies to microorganisms transmitted to the host by
contaminated items, such as food, water, medications, devices, and
equipment. 5) Vector borne transmission This occurs when vectors such as mosquitoes, flies, rats, and other
vermin transmit microorganisms.

8. MOST COMMONLY SEEN NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS AND THEIR CAUSES ➢ UTI urinary tract infection
Insertion, contamination of drainage system, improper cleansing ➢ Surgical site infection
Improper technique for hand washing or dressing change ➢ Upper respiratory tract infection
Improper hand washing or suctioning technique

9. ➢ Intravenous catheter site infection
- Improper hand washing or site care - Extended length of stay in hospital - Multiple care givers - Antibiotic choices and over use - Improper medical or surgical asepsis

10. NURSE’S ROLE IN PREVENTION OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION ➢ Containing nosocomial infections
clean, disinfect, sterilize ➢ Controlling/eliminating reservoirs
Bathing, dressing changes, patent drainage systems ➢ Controlling the portal of exit
Cover mouth/nose, wear mask, client teaching ➢ Controlling transmission
Do not share equipment, proper handling of linens, hand washing

11. ➢ Controlling portal of entry Maintain skin integrity, position changes, proper wiping techniques,
maintain drainage integrity ➢ Protecting susceptible host - Protect natural defenses like,skin , mucous membranes, fluid intake
- Encourage cough and deep breathing
- Change position
- Oral hygiene
- Promote rest and sleep
- Reduce client stress