NOUN and pronoun Basic Grammar 2024.pptx

Noun and pronoun

1. NOUN & PRONOUN

2. NOUN Proper Noun & Common Noun 1 Concrete Noun & Abstract Noun 2 3 Collective Noun 4 Countable Noun & Uncountable Noun

3. NOUN Proper Noun The names of: Days of the week Months Historical documents Institutions Organizations Religions Countries Events Common Noun Refers to: A person A place A thing

4. EXAMPLES There are many cultures in Indonesia . On last Monday , Berlian went to Kolaka to visit her mother. Berlian is a Noun (Proper Noun) It refers to the name of person Kolaka (Proper Noun) It refers to the name of city.

5. NOUN Concrete Noun Refers to anything (or anyone) that you can perceive through your physical senses: touch, sight, taste, hear, or smell. Examples: Table Food Television Radio Abstract Noun Opposite of Concrete Noun. E.g.: Love Childhood Music Beauty Dream Patience Knowledge Information

6. EXAMPLES She goes out with her boyfriend to watch a romantic movie . Many people say that love is blind. Our childhood is unforgettable memory for us . Happiness cannot be measured by money .

7. NOUN Countable Noun Counted. E.g.: Three penguins Two computers Seven windows One whiteboard Two restaurants Three men Two plans Uncountable Noun Uncounted. E.g.: Water Sugar Air English Mathematics Weather Food

8. EXAMPLES He can speak three languages . My hobby is drinking two cups of coffee . My friend orders two beef-burgers . I am not interested in politics . There are 35 computers in this laboratory . Dancing and singing are her hobbies . Dedi and Andin were singing yesterday.

9. COUNTABLE NOUNS Singular Noun Plural Noun

10. FORMING PLURAL NOUNS By adding the -s suffix to a single noun: pencil – pencil umbrella – umbrellas car – cars By adding the -es suffix to a single noun ending in letters -s, -ss, -x, -z, - ch and –sh,-0, -y Key-keys. bus – buses ass – asses bench – benches brush – brushes box- boxes Mango -mangoes

11. FORMING PLURAL NOUNS By adding the -es suffix to a single noun ending with -o. buffalo – buffaloes mango – mangoes hero – heroes Note: There are some single nouns that ended by -o letter but the plural is only a plus -s. piano – pianos bamboo – bamboos radio – radios

12. FORMING PLURAL NOUNS If the single noun ends in a letter -y beginning with the vowel (vowel), then the plural noun is sufficiently added by the -s suffix. boy – boys toy – toys key – keys Note: While on a single noun ending in a - quy , the plural noun is formed by changing the suffix -y into - i and plus -es. Colloquy – Colloquies

13. FORMING PLURAL NOUNS There are some single nouns ended by -f or - ef , only augmented by the -s in the plural form proof – proofs chief – chiefs scarf – scarfs cliff – cliffs roof – roofs

14. EXCEPTIONS FOR PLURAL NOUNS Some nouns are always plural, do not have a single form. shoes – shoes arms – arms glasses – glasses trousers – trousers Some single nouns have irregular plural form : man – men woman – women foot – feet tooth – teeth mouse – mice ox – oxen child – children

15. NOUN Collective Noun Refers to a group of things, animals, or person. You could count the individual members of the group, but you usually think of the group as a whole is generally as one unit. It agrees with singular verb. Examples: The team wins the annual championship. The committee decides the tuition for new students. The audience is amazed by her performance.

16. PRONOUN Personal Pronoun 1 Possessive Pronoun 2 3 Demonstrative Pronoun 4 Reflexive Pronoun

17. Personal, Possessive, & Reflexive Pronouns Subject Pronouns Object Pronouns Possessive Adjectives Possessive Pronouns Reflexive Pronouns I Me My Mine Myself You You Your Yours Yourself/ Yourselves We Us Our Ours Ourselves They Them Their Theirs Themselves She Her Her Hers Herself He Him His His Himself It It Its Itself

18. Demonstrative Pronouns Singular Plural This These That Those

19. Exercises 1. I am Ratu. My name is Ratu . Everyone calls me Ratu 2. I am Prabu . . My name is Prabu Setyo . Everyone calls me Prabu 3. He is Perdana. His name is Perdana. Everyone calls him Perdana. 4. ... He... is Ade. His name is Ade. Everyone calls ..... him . 5. We are students. ...... uniform is green and white. You see ...... now.

20. Exercises 1 (He, Him) was not allowed to leave 2 It is ( I, me) 3 Contrary to our advice (them, they) bought the stock 4 Lina and (I, me) submitted separate requests 5 Initially (she, her) was uncertain of her duties. 6 She wanted to hire (he, him) for the job. 7 The message was sent by (she, her). 8 The responsibility was places solely on (we,us). 9 They would not allow (she, her) to leave. 10 The director told (us,we) that she had reached a decision .

21. Exercises Correct the mistake s in the following sentence s! 1. Womans usually talk more than mans . 2. That family has three childs . 3. Iksan catches a fish in the pond . 4. I love eating tomatoes

22. Hormones help adjust the mixture of sugar, salt, and water in your body. Brain cells use up a tot of energy, so they need a constant supply of oxygen. People’s brain weight more now than they did 100 years ago. Anis’s car