NS and SSR. project class 9.pdfbark bato

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1. IndusNationalSchool
Name-NavjotSinghandSanchit
SinghRana
Class=9
th
Project=historyandgeographyppt

2. 1.TropicalEvergreenForest

3. □Theseforestsarerestrictedtoheavyrainfallareasof
thewesternGhatsandtheislandgroupsof
Lakshadweep.
□AndamanandNicobar,upperpartsofAssamandTamil
Naducoast,theyareattheirbestinareashavingmore
then200cmofrainfallwithashortdryseason.
□Thetreereach,greatheightsupto60meteroreven
above,thisforestappeargreenalltheyearround
□Someofthecommerciallyimportanttreesofthis
forestareebony,mahogany,rosewood,rubberand
cinchona.
TropicalEvergreenForest

4. □Theseforestsarerestrictedtoheavyrainfallareas
ofthewesternGhatsandtheislandgroupsof
Lakshadweep,Andamanandnicobar,upperparts
ofAssamandTamilnaducoast.
□Theyareattheirbestinareashavingmorethan
200cmofrainfallwithashortdryseason.The
treesreachgreatheightsupto60metresoreven
above.
□ithasaluxuriantvegetationofallkinds-trees,
shrubsandcreepersgivingitamultilayered
structure.Thereisnodefinitetimefortreesto
shedtheirleaves.

5. □Thecommonanimalsfoundintheseforestsare
elephant,monkey,lemuranddeer.One-horned
rhinocerosesinAssamandWestBengal.
□Thecommonbirdsfoundintheseareasbats,sloth,
scorpionsandsnailsarealsofoundinthesejungle.
AnimalsandBirdsarefoundinforest

6. Asalforestinchattisgarh

7. □Thedisappearanceof
forestisreferredtoas
deforestation.
□Deforestationisnota
recentproblem.
□Theprocessbegan
manycenturiesago;
butundercolonial
ruleitbecomemore
systematicand
extensive.
WhyDeforestation?

8. In1600,approximatelyone-sixthofindia’s
landmasswasundercultivation.
□Aspopulationincreasedoverthecenturiesand
thedemandforfoodwentup,peasants
extendedtheboundariesofcultivationexpanded
rapidlyforavarietyofreasons.
Landtobeimproved

9. First,theBritishdirectlyencouragedtheproduction
ofcommercialcropslikejute,sugar,wheat,and,
cotton.
Thedemandforthesecropsincreasedin
nineteenth–centuryEuropewherefoodgrains
wereneededtofeedthegrowingurbanpopulation
andrawmaterialswererequiredforindustrial
production.
Fewpointsoflandtobeimproved

10. □Second,intheearlynineteenthcentury,the
colonialstatethoughtthatforestswere
unproductive.
□Theywereconsideredtobewildernessthathadto
bebroughtundercultivationsothatthelandcould
yieldagriculturalproductsandrevenue,and
enhancetheincomeofthestate.Sobetween1880
and1920,cultivatedarearoseby6.7bmillion
hectarces
Secondpoint

11. □Bytheearlynineteenth
century,oakforestin
Englandwere
disappearing.Thiscreated
aproblemoftimbersupply
fortheroyalnavy.
□Thespreadofrailwayfrom
the1850screatedanew
demand.
□Railwayswereessential
forcolonialtradeandfor
themovementofimperial
troops.
Sleepersonthetracks

12. Torunlocomotives,
woodwasneededas
fuel,andtolayrailway
linessleeperswere
essentialtoholdthe
trackstogether.
Eachmileofrailway
trackrequired
between1,760and
2,000sleepers.
Somepointsaboutsleepers

13. TropicalDeciduousforest

14. ThesearethemostwidespreadforestofIndia.
Theyarealsocalledthemonsoonforestand
spreadovertheregionreceivingrainfallbetween
200cmand70cm.
Thisofthisforesttypeshedtheirleavesforabout
sixtoeightweeksindrysummer.
TropicalDeciduousForest

15. Thereareopenstretches,inwhichteak,sal,
peepalandneemgrow.
Alargepartofthisregionhasbeenclearedfor
cultivationandsomepartsareusedfor
grazing.
Intheforest,thecommonanimalsfoundare
lion,tiger,pig,deerandelephant.
Ahugevarietyofbirds,lizards,snakeand
tortoisesarealsofoundhere.
Somepoints

16. □Thecolonialgovernmenttookoverthe
forests,andgavevastareastoeuropean
plantersatcheaprates.
□Theseareaswereenclosedandclearedof
forest,andplantedwithteaorcoffee.
Plantation

17. □Brandisrealised
thataproper
systemhadtobe
introducedto
managetheforest
andpeoplehadto
betrainedinthe
scienceof
conservation.
Theriseofcommercialforestry

18. □Thissystemwouldneedlegalsanction
Rulesaboutuseofforestresourceshadtobe
framed.
□fellingoftreesandgrazinghadtobe
restrictedsothatforestcouldbepreserved
fortimberproduction.
□Anybodywhocutthetreeswithoutfollowing
thesystemhadtobepunished.Sobrandisset
uptheindianforestservicein1864and
helpedformulatetheindianforestactof1865.
theimperialforest
Somepoints

19. Thethornforestsandscrubs

20. □Inregionswithlessthan70cmofrainfall,the
naturalvegetationconsistsofthronytreesand
bushes.
□Thistypesofvegetationisfoundinthenorth-
westernpartofthecountry,includingsemi-arid
areasofGujarat,Rajasthan,madhyapradesh,
chhattisgarh,UttarpradeshandHaryana.
Thethronforestandscrubspoint

21. Figure5.3;Naturalvegetation

22. Rubbertree

23. Migratorybirds

24. □Themangrovetidal
forestsarefoundin
theareasofcoasts
influencedbytides.
□mudandsiltget
accumutatedonsuch
coasts.
□densemangrovesare
thecommonvarieties
withroots.
Mangroveforest

25. □likeitsflora,Indiais
alsorichinitsfauna.
Ithasapproximately
90,000animal
species.
□thecountryhas
about2,000species
ofbirds.They
constitute13%of
theworldtotal.
Thereare2,546
speciesoffish.
wildlife

26. □Inmountainousareas,
thedecreasein
temperaturewith
increasingaltitude
leadstothe
correspondingchange
innaturalvegetation.
□thewettemperatue
typeofforestsare
foundbetweena
heightof1000and
2000metres.
Montaneforest

29. Collectingmahua

30. Burningtheforestpenda

32. ArmycampinBastar1910

33. Thankyoufor
watchingourppt