(NS) The Anatomy of the Nervous System.ppt

Nervous system ppt

1. The anatomy of the nervous system

2. Divisions of Nervous System
Central nervous system
(CNS).
Peripheral nervous system
(PNS).

3. Slide 7.2Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Central nervous system (CNS) consist
of :
•Brain
•Spinal cord

4. Peripheral nervous system
(PNS)consist of :
Cranial nerve ,spinal nerves autonomic
nervous system

5. Cells of the nervous system :
Neuronsare the structural and
functional units of the nervous system
Neuroglialcellwhich support and
nourishing the neurons.

6. Brain
is divided into three parts :
Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

7. The forebrain include:
Cerebrumand diencephalon.
The hindbrain consist of :
pons,medullaoblongata, and
cerebellum.

8. Lobes of the Cerebrum
Slide
7.29b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 7.15a

9. Cerebrum
Is the largestpart of the brain

11. Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

12. Function of the cerebrum :
Responsible for motor
,intellectual ,personality
sensation ,hearing,memory and
vision

13. Brain stem

14. Parts of the brain stem :
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblogata

15. Functions of brain stem
it contains respiratory, the
cardiovascularcenters
it contains the nuclei of cranial
nerves III–XII.

16. Diencephalon
Slide
7.34a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Sits on top of the brainstem
Enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres
Made of five parts
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
Subthalamus
Metathalamus

17. Lobes of the Cerebrum
Slide
7.29b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 7.15a

18. Cerebellum
Lies posterior to the pons and the
medulla oblongata.
It consists of two cerebellar
hemispheres

19. Cerebellar
Peduncles

21. Functions of the cerebellum
Co-ordination of movement
control of posture
Equilibrium

22. Dr. Mohd. A/Salam
Ventricular System
Ventricles of the brain are cavities inside the
brain contain CSF.
Lateral ventricles in each cerebral hemisphere
Third ventricle between diencephalons
Fourth ventricle in hind brain

23. Spinal cord
Is situated within the vertebral
canalof the vertebral column
Begins superiorly from the
foramenmagnumin the skull,
where it is continuous with the
medullaoblongataof the brain
End in the adult at the level of
L1

25. Spinal Cord Anatomy
Slide
7.53b
Internal gray matter –( cell
bodies)
Dorsal (posterior) horns
sensory
Anterior (ventral) horns
motor
Lateral horn include
autonomic (thoracic
,lumbar ,sacral )
External white matter(
fibers )

26. Protection of the central nervous
system :
Skull ,vertebral column
Meninges
Cerebrospinal fluid

27. Peripheral Nervous
System

28. Spinal Nerves
Spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord and
attach to it by anterior root which is motor
and posterior root which is sensoryconnect
together form trunk of the spinal nerve mix
then give two rami anterior and posterior also
mix
31 pairs spinal nerve
8Cervical
12Thoracic
5Lumbar
5Sacral
1Coccygeal

29. The Cranail Nerve
I Olfactory : Smell
II Optic: Vision
III Oculomotor
IV Trochlear supplies the
VI Abducent
V Trigeminal:
VII Facial:
VIII Vestibulocochlear :
IX Glossopharyngeal:


30. X Vagus : give parasympathetic for
the Heart, larynx, trachea, bronchi,
and alimentary tract , liver, kidneys,
and pancreas
XI Accessory :
XII Hypoglossal:

36. A. Sympathetic
In the spinal cord from T1 –L2 segments(
thoracolumbar).
Preganglionic fiber short,and the postganglionic
fiber long.
autonomic nervous system
Consist of two part :

39. Sympathetic
“ Fight or flight”
response
Increases heart rate and
blood pressure,and
respiratory rate .
Vasoconstriction to the
blood vessels except?
Bronchodilatation
,decrease intestinal
motility,urination
.sweating
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Brain
Spinal
cord
SYMPATHETIC
Dilates pupil
Stimulates salivation
Relaxes bronchi
Accelerates heartbeat
Inhibits activity
Stimulates glucose
Secretion of adrenaline,
nonadrenaline
Relaxes bladder
Stimulates ejaculation
in male
Sympathetic
ganglia
Salivary
glands
Lungs
Heart
Stomach
Pancreas
Liver
Adrenal
gland
Kidney

40. B. Parasympathetic
Include nucleiof the cranial nerve in the
brainstem(3,5,7,9,10) and sacralspinal
nerve .
The preganglionic fibers longand the
postganglionic fibers short.

42. Parasympathetic
“ occur at Rest
Lowers rate ,
breathing rate,Bp
Stimulate intestinal
motility ,increase
the secretion of
gland
Bronchoconstrictio
n ,vasodiltation .
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Brain
PARASYMPATHETIC
Spinal
cord
Stimulates salivation
Constricts bronchi
Slows heartbeat
Stimulates activity
Contracts bladder
Stimulates erection
of sex organs
Stimulates gallbladder
Gallbladder
Contracts pupil