Nucleic acids presentation by Nitu Thapa.pptx

Nucleic Acid

1. NUCLEIC ACID Presented by: Nitu Thapa

2. Introduction/Definition Components of nucleic acids Naming of Nucleoside and Nucleotide Classification of nucleic acids Bio-medical importance Content

3. Introduction/Definition Nucleic acids are the macromolecules present all living beings associated with basic proteins such as histones and protamine. They are the polymers of specific sequences or monomer called nucleotides , so called as polynucleotides. They are key molecules that carry genetic materials . Called as Hard drives containing essential blueprint or source code for making cell. They are strongly acidic in nature.

4. Components of Nucleotides A Nucleotide is made up of three components: Nitrogenous base Pentose sugar , either Ribose or Deoxyribose Phosphate Groups When base combines with a pentose sugar, a nucleoside is formed. Bases present in Nitrogenous bases ;the purines and the pyrimidine.

5. Nitrogenous bases

6. Purine bases present in DNA and RNA are same ; adenine and guanine. The pyrimidine bases present in nucleic acids are cytosine , thymine and uracil. Cytosine is present in both DNA and RNA. Thymine is present only in DNA whereas uracil is present only in RNA. A few other modified pyrimidine bases like dihydrouracil and 5-methyl cytosine are also found rarely in some types of RNA. Nitrogenous bases

7. Pentose sugar The five carbon monosaccharide called as pentose are found in nucleic acids. The pentose sugar defines the type of nucleic acid; DNA or RNA. Deoxyribonucleic acid contains deoxyribose sugar and ribonucleic acid contains ribose sugar.

8. Naming of Nucleoside and nucleotide

9. Classification DNA Double stranded Helical Polymer of deoxyribonucleotide RNA Single stranded Non-helical Polymer of ribonucleotides Carries genetic material from nucleus to cytoplasm. 5-10% rRNA has significant role in binding of mRNA to ribosome and protein synthesis. 50-80% Transport amino acid to site of protein synthesis. 10-20% m-mRNA rRNA tRNA Direct synthesis of specific proteins Storage of genetic material Control protein synthesis Transfer of hereditary character

10. Bio-medical importance Nucleic acid have been used as a tool for gene regulation and drugs for treating diseases. Nucleic acids act as a blueprint of all the information to build and develop organisms. They are the chemical basis for the transmission of genetic information or traits from parents to offspring. Proteins which are the functional molecules of the cell are synthesized by the nucleic acids. DNA fingerprinting is the method used by forensic expert to determine the paternity. RNA molecule called ribozyme with a well-defined tertiary structure that enables it to act like a protein enzyme in catalysing biochemical and metabolic reactions within a cell. Nucleic acids can also be used to develop sensing platforms for detecting ions, small molecules, proteins and cells.