Nursing leadeship and management: Organizing and Staffing Spring 2024.pdf

Nursing leadership and management

1. MANAGEMENT PROCESS: ORGANIZINGANDSTAFFING
SHEWANGIZAWMEKONNEN(ASSISTANTPROFESSOR, DEPARTMENTOFNURSING)
2024

2. ORGANIZING
•ORGANIZINGISTHEPROCESSOFCOMBININGANDINTEGRATING
HUMAN&PHYSICALRESOURCESINPRODUCTIONRELATIONSHIPS
FORTHEACHIEVEMENTOFORGANIZATIONAL OBJECTIVES.
•ORGANIZINGDEALSWITH:
•FORMALASSIGNMENTOFTASKSANDAUTHORITY,
•COORDINATIONANDARRANGING THEM.
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3. STEPS OF ORGANIZING PROCESS
•REVIEWOFPLAN& GOALS
•DETERMININGWORKACTIVITIES
•CLASSIFYINGANDGROUPINGACTIVITIES
•ASSIGNINGWORKANDDELEGATINGAUTHORITY
•DESIGNINGAHIERARCHYOFRELATIONSHIP
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4. ELEMENTS OF ORGANIZING
•DIVISIONOFWORK
•DEPARTMENTALIZATION
•OVERALLCOORDINATION
•SPANOFMANAGEMENT CONTROL
•CHAINOFCOMMAND
•HIERARCHY

5. ELEMENTS OF ORGANIZING #1
•DIVISIONOFWORK:
•BREAKINGOFACOMPLEXTASKINTOCOMPONENTS, AND
CREATESSIMPLIFIEDTASK.
•INDIVIDUALSARERESPONSIBLEFORALIMITEDSETOFACTIVITIES
INSTEADOFTHEENTIRETASK.
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6. ELEMENTS OF
ORGANIZING #2
•DEPARTMENTALIZATION
•ISTHEGROUPINGOFWORKACTIVITIESINTODEPARTMENTS
INASIMILARANDLOGICALLYCONNECTED WAYS
•AFTERWORKACTIVITIESAREDIVIDEDINTOJOBS, THEN
•GROUPSIMILARJOBSINTOSECTIONS/DIVISIONS
•ASSEMBLECORRELATEDORFUNCTIONALSECTIONSINTO
DEPARTMENTS
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7. ELEMENTS OF ORGANIZING #3
•OVERALLCOORDINATION
•COORDINATIONIS
BRINGINGACTIVITIESINTO
PROPERRELATIONWITH
EACHOTHER.
•MAKECERTAINTHATNO
TWOPEOPLEARETRYING
TODOSAMEJOB.
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8. ELEMENTS OF
ORGANIZING #4
•SPANOFMANAGEMENT CONTROL
(SPANOFCONTROL, ORSPANOF
MANAGEMENT)
•THENUMBEROFPEOPLE, OR
DEPARTMENTSDIRECTLY
REPORTINGTOAGIVEN
MANAGER.
•AFTERWORKISDIVIDEDAND
DEPARTMENTSCREATED, ASPAN
OFCONTROLCHOSENTO
DECIDEONCHAINOF
COMMAND.
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9. ELEMENTS OF ORGANIZING #5
•CHAINOFCOMMAND:-
•ITISTHEPLANTHAT
SPECIFIESWHO
REPORTSTOWHOM.

10. ELEMENTS OF ORGANIZING #6
•HIERARCHY
•ISAPATTERNOFMULTIPLE
LEVELSOFAN
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE.
•ATTHETOPTHESENIOR
RANKINGMANAGERS
LOCATED
•ATTHEBOTTOMLOW
RANKINGMANAGERS
LOCATEDATVARIOUSLEVELS 10

11. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
•ORGANIZATIONALSTRUCTURE
•ITISTHEWAYINWHICHANORGANIZATION’SACTIVITIESARE
DIVIDED, ORGANIZED, ANDCOORDINATED.
•ITISDESIGNEDTOACHIEVEANORGANIZATION’SGOALS
•ORGANIZATIONALDESIGN
•ITISTHEDETERMINATIONOFTHEORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
THATMUSTBEAPPROPRIATEFORTHESTRATEGY, PEOPLE,
TECHNOLOGY, ANDTASKSOFTHEORGANIZATION.
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12. TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE #1
•WHATARETHECOMMON TYPESOFORGANIZATIONAL
STRUCTURES?
•FUNCTIONALSTRUCTURE: BASEDONEXPERTISE
•MATRIXSTRUCTURE.
•TEAMSTRUCTURE: SMALL, SELF-MANAGED TEAMS
RESPONSIBLEFORSPECIFICTASKSORPROJECTS.
•HIERARCHICALSTRUCTURE.
•FLATORGANIZATIONSTRUCTURE.

13. TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE #2
•FUNCTIONALSTRUCTURE.
•A FUNCTIONAL
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREISA
TEAMSTRUCTURETHATGROUPS
EMPLOYEESINTODIFFERENT
DEPARTMENTSBASEDONAREAS
OFEXPERTISE.

14. TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE #3
•MATRIXORGANIZATIONAL
STRUCTURE:
•A MATRIXORGANIZATION
ISACOMPANY STRUCTURE
WHERETEAMSREPORTTO
MULTIPLELEADERS.

15. TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
#4
•TEAM-BASEDSTRUCTURE:
•TEAM-BASEDSTRUCTURESORGANIZEEMPLOYEESINTOSMALL, SELF-MANAGED TEAMS
RESPONSIBLEFORSPECIFICTASKSORPROJECTS.

16. TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE #5
•HIERARCHICALSTRUCTURE:
•HIERARCHICALSTRUCTURESHAVEATRADITIONALPYRAMIDSHAPEWITHCLEARLINESOF
AUTHORITYANDCONTROL.

17. TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
#6
•FLATSTRUCTURE:
•FLATORGANIZATIONSHAVEFEWORNOLEVELSOFMIDDLEMANAGEMENT BETWEENSTAFF
ANDLEADERSHIP.

18. STAFFING
•HUMANRESOURCEMANAGEMENT (STAFFING)ISTHEPROCESS
OFACQUIRING AND RETAINING OFEMPLOYEES WITH
APPROPRIATEQUALIFICATIONS.
•PEOPLEARETHEMOSTIMPORTANT RESOURCE OFAN
ORGANIZATION.
•ACQUISITIONOFHUMANRESOURCEINCLUDES:
•HUMANRESOURCEPLANNING,
•RECRUITMENT,
•SELECTIONANDORIENTATION
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19. STAFFING #1
•RETENTIONACTIVITIESINCLUDE:
•PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL,
•TRAININGANDDEVELOPMENT,
•DISCIPLINEANDCORRECTIVECOUNSELING,
•COMPENSATION ANDBENEFITADMINISTRATION.
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20. STEPS OF STAFFING FUNCTION
•STEPSINTHESTAFFINGFUNCTION
•THESTAFFINGPROCESSINVOLVESTHEFOLLOWINGBASIC
ACTIVITIES:
1.HUMANRESOURCEPLANNING
2.RECRUITMENT
3.SELECTION
4.INDUCTIONANDORIENTATION
5.TRAININGANDDEVELOPMENT
6.PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL
7.TRANSFERRING
8.SEPARATION
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21. STEPS OF STAFFING FUNCTION #1
1.HUMANRESOURCEPLANNING(HRP)
•ITISTHEPROCESSOFDETERMININGTHEHUMAN
RESOURCEREQUIREMENTSOFTHEORGANIZATIONATITS
DIFFERENTLEVELSFORACHIEVINGITSGOALS.
•GETTINGTHERIGHTNUMBEROFQUALIFIEDPEOPLE
INTOTHERIGHTJOB, ATTHERIGHTTIME.
•SINCEORGANIZATIONSAREDYNAMIC, THENEEDFOR
WORKFORCEMUSTBECONSIDEREDINTHECONTEXT
OFACHANGINGENVIRONMENT.
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22. STEPS OF STAFFING FUNCTION #3
•HUMANRESOURCEPLANNINGINVOLVESFIVESTEPS
•PROFILING: TOPROFILE(OUTLINE) THEPERSONNELNEEDOFTHE
ORGANIZATIONATSOMEFUTUREPOINT.
•THISINVOLVESIDENTIFICATIONOFJOBDESCRIPTIONAND
JOBSPECIFICATION
•ESTIMATING:PROJECTINGTHETYPEANDNUMBEROF
PERSONNELNEEDED
•INVENTORYING: HUMANRESOURCEAUDITOFPRESENT
EMPLOYEES
•FORECASTING: ANTICIPATINGCHANGESINTHEPRESENTWORK
FORCEINTERMSOFENTRIESANDEXITS
•PLANNING: ASSUMPTIONSMADEBYFOLLOWINGSTEPS1-4.

23. STEPS OF STAFFING FUNCTION #4
2.RECRUITMENT
•RECRUITMENTISTHEPROCESSOFATTRACTINGPEOPLETO
APPLYFORAJOB.
•A PROCESSOFSEARCHINGFORANDATTRACTINGPOTENTIAL
EMPLOYEESEITHERFROMWITHIN(INTERNAL SOURCES) THE
ORGANIZATIONOROUTSIDE(EXTERNAL SOURCES) THE
ORGANIZATION.
•ITINVOLVESDEVELOPINGSOURCESOFAPPLICANTS,
ANNOUNCING ORADVERTISINGVACANTPOSITIONSAND
RECEIVINGAPPLICATIONS.
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24. STEPS OF STAFFING FUNCTION #5
•SOURCESOFPOTENTIALCANDIDATESFORRECRUITING:
•INTERNALSOURCE(RECRUITING):
•FILLINGVACANCIESBYTRANSFERRINGORPROMOTING
FROMWITHIN.
•EXTERNALSOURCE(RECRUITING):RECRUITINGNEWCOMERS
FROMOUTSIDE.
•THISCANBEDONETHROUGHFORMALANNOUNCEMENT OF
VACANCIES;PEERRECRUITING(WELLINFORMEDPERSON
IDENTIFIED);CONTACT WITHEMPLOYMENT AGENCIES,&
ETC. 25

25. STEPS OF STAFFING FUNCTION #7
•LEGALCONSIDERATIONSDURINGRECRUITING
•ORGANIZATIONSMUSTENSURETHATTHEIRRECRUITMENT
PRACTICESCONFORM TOTHELAW.
•FORINSTANCE:
•PROHIBITINGDISCRIMINATION BY:SEX,AGE,RACE,
COLOR,NATIONALITY.
•CONSIDERINGAFFIRMATIVEACTION:GIVINGPRIORITIESTO
FEMALES.
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26. STEPS OF STAFFING FUNCTION #8
3.SELECTION
•THEPROCESSOFEVALUATINGANDDECIDINGTHEBESTAND
QUALIFIEDCANDIDATE OUTOFTHEPOOLOFAPPLICANTS
DEVELOPED INTHERECRUITMENTPROCESSBASEDONTHEIR
ABILITIES,SKILLSANDCHARACTERISTICS.
•SOURCESOFINFORMATIONFORSELECTION
•APPLICATIONFORMS(CURRICULUMVITAE)
•PRE-EMPLOYMENTINTERVIEWS
•TESTING
•REFERENCECHECK
•MEDICAL EXAMINATION:TOASSURE THEPHYSICAL
REQUIREMENTSOFTHEJOB.

27. STEPS OF STAFFING FUNCTION #9
4)INDUCTIONANDORIENTATION
•AFTERTHEHIRINGDECISIONHASBEENMADE, NEWEMPLOYEE
OFFERED THE JOB ANDORIENTED.
•ORIENTATIONPROGRAMINCLUDE:
•MAKINGINTRODUCTIONOFTHENEWEMPLOYEETO
COLLEAGUES
•INTRODUCINGINFORMATIONABOUT: PHILOSOPHYAND
OBJECTIVESOFTHEORGANIZATION, RULESAND
REGULATIONS, ANDETC.
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28. STEPS OF STAFFING FUNCTION #10
5.TRAININGANDDEVELOPMENT
•TRAINING:REFERSTOTEACHING LOWER-LEVELOR
TECHNICALEMPLOYEESTOIMPROVETHEIRPRESENTJOBS.
•TRAININGIMPROVESTHESPECIFICSKILLS,KNOWLEDGE,
ANDATTITUDESNEEDEDBYANINDIVIDUALSORGROUPS
TOCONTRIBUTETOTHEORGANIZATIONEFFECTIVENESS.
•DEVELOPMENT: TEACHING MANAGERS AND
PROFESSIONALSTHESKILLSNEEDEDFORBOTH PRESENT
ANDTHEFUTURE JOBS..
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29. STEPS OF STAFFING FUNCTION #11
•ASSESSINGTRAININGNEEDS
•ANALYSESOFJOBREQUIREMENT; JOBREQUIREMENTS/
AVAILABLESKILL
•ORGANIZATIONALANALYSIS: EFFECTIVENESSOFTHE
ORGANIZATION. E.G. LOW PERFORMANCE AND HIGH TURN
OVER
•EMPLOYEESURVEY: EVALUATIONOFEMPLOYEE’S
PERFORMANCE
•AFTERASSESSINGNEEDS: PLANAPPROPRIATETRAINING
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30. STEPS OF STAFFING FUNCTION #12
6.PERFORMANCEAPPRAISAL
•ITISTHEPROCESSOFOBSERVINGANDEVALUATINGAN
EMPLOYEE’SPERFORMANCE,RECORDING THEASSESSMENT,
ANDPROVIDINGFEEDBACKTOTHEEMPLOYEE.
•TYPESOFAPPRAISAL:INFORMAL APPRAISALANDFORMAL
SYSTEMATICAPPRAISAL.
•INFORMAL APPRAISAL:FEEDBACKONDAYTODAY
PERFORMANCE
•FORMALSYSTEMATICAPPRAISAL:ASYSTEMATICFEED
BACK ABOUT PERFORMANCE (SEMI-ANNUALLY/
ANNUALLY)
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31. STEPS OF STAFFING FUNCTION #13
•PURPOSEOFPERFORMANCE APPRAISAL
•TOGIVEFEEDBACK
•TOLOCATETHENEEDFORADDITIONALTRAINING
•IDENTIFYCANDIDATESFORPROMOTION
•HELPSMAKEDISCHARGEANDRETENTIONDECISIONS&
PROVIDESMEANSOFWARNING SUBORDINATES ABOUT
UNSATISFACTORYPERFORMANCE.
•ITDEVELOPSCOMMITMENT TOANORGANIZATION BY
IDENTIFYINGCAREEROPPORTUNITIES&ENCOURAGING
CAREERPLANNING.
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32. STEPS OF STAFFING FUNCTION
#14
7.TRANSFERRING
•TRANSFERRING ISMOVING APERSONFROMONEJOB,
ORGANIZATIONAL LEVELORLOCATIONTOANOTHER.
•ITINCLUDES: PROMOTION, DEMOTION, ANDLATERALTRANSFER.
i.PROMOTION
•MOVINGANEMPLOYEETOAHIGHERLEVELPOSITION
THATHAVEMOREPRESTIGE, HIGHERSTATUS, HIGHERPAY
ANDGREATERRESPONSIBILITYBASEDONHISORHER
GOODPERFORMANCE.
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33. STEPS OF STAFFING FUNCTION
#15
ii.DEMOTION
•ITISSHIFTINGOFAPERSONTOALOWER-LEVELPOSITIONIN
THEHIERARCHY(LESSPAYANDLESSRESPONSIBILITY)DUETO
INEFFICIENCY OR IN COMPETENCY TOMEETASSIGNEDTASK.
iii.LATERALTRANSFER
•ITISMOVEMENT OFEMPLOYEESFROMONEPOSITIONTO
ANOTHERATSIMILARLEVELS(PAYANDRESPONSIBILITY
WITHINTHEORGANIZATION).
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34. STEPS OF STAFFING FUNCTION
#178.SEPARATION
•SEPARATIONISTHETERMINATIONOFTHERELATIONSHIPB/NTHE
WORKERSANDTHEORGANIZATIONDUETOVARIOUSREASONS.
•THESECANBE
•RETIREMENT
•RESIGNATION: VOLUNTARYRELEASE
•FORCEDOUTTHROUGHMERGERSANDCUTBACKS
•STEPSOFDISCIPLINESHOULDBETAKENBYAMANAGER:
•WARNING, SUSPENSION, DISCIPLINARYTRANSFER, DEMOTION
& DISCHARGE
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