nursing management of the patients with pharyngitis new.pptx

PHARYNGITIS
Pharyngitis is an inflammation of mucous membrane, pharynx or throat.
Pharyngitis is the inflammation of the pharynx including palate, tonsils and posterior wall of the pharynx.
Causes
Immunocompromised state
Infection- bacterial, viral
Allergic reaction
Chemical irritation
Neighboring infections
Poor oral hygiene
Re occurring respiratory infections.
Risk factors
Children -age group between 3-15 year
Smoking
Allergies
Low immunity
Types
Acute pharyngitis
Chronic pharyngitis
Bacterial pharyngitis
Viral pharyngitis
Allergic pharyngitis
Acute pharyngitis
Acute pharyngitis is a common infection or sudden inflammation of the pharynx that is more common in patients younger than 25 years of age.
Primary symptom is sore throat.
Causes
Common cold
Viral infections -Epstein Barr virus, Herpes virus
Pathophysiology
Due to etiological factors
Entry of microorganisms in the pharynx
Redness and edema in the pharyngeal wall
Inflammation and infection in the pharynx
Clinical manifestations
Clinical manifestations
Catarrhal phase
Marked congestion in the posterior pharyngeal wall which appears like red velvet
Dysphagia
Odynophagia
Sore throat
Hoarseness of voice
Otalgia
Swollen lymph nodes
Fever
General malaise
Loss of appetite
Purulent stage
Pharyngeal wall may be coated with micro purulent discharge.
ULCERATIVE OR GANGRENOUS
In extreme cases ulcerations with membrane formation may be present.
Diagnostic evaluation
History collection.
Physical examination.
Throat swab culture
CBC
Rapid strep test- The rapid strep test (RST) is a rapid antigen detection test (RADT) that is widely used in clinics to assist in the diagnosis of bacterial pharyngitis caused by group A streptococci (GAS), sometimes termed strep throat.
Management
Pharmacological management
Antipyretics and analgesics- Aspirin, acetaminophen
Corticosteroids- Dexamethasone, Prednisone
Antibiotics
Penicillin is the best choice.
Person who are allergic to penicillin
can be treated with erythromycin.
management
Cephalosporins.
Macrolides- Clarithromycin, Azithromycin.
Medications should be given for at least 10 days.
Antitussive medications.
Nutritional therapy
Liquid or soft diet.
Avoid hot/ cold food items.
Nutritional therapy
Liquid or soft diet
Should avoid cold and hot food items
Nursing management
Provide symptomatic care.
Educate the patient about the signs of strep throat this helps in identifying the disease early
Warning signs include:-dyspnoea, drooling of saliva, Dysphagia, inability to open and close the mouth.
Advice the patient to stay in bed during febrile stage.
Warm saline gargles.
Provide mouth care. /Educate the patients about the importance of mouth care.
Teach the patient about the methods of waste disposal.

1. PHARYNGITIS PREPARED BY Prof. BLESSY THOMAS VICE PRINCIPAL FLRENCE NIGHTINGALE COLLEGE OF NURSING,SHAHJAHANPUR

2. PHARYNGITIS Pharyngitis is an inflammation of mucous membrane, pharynx or throat. Pharyngitis is the inflammation of the pharynx including palate, tonsils and posterior wall of the pharynx.

3. Causes Immunocompromised state Infection- bacterial, viral Allergic reaction Chemical irritation Neighboring infections Poor oral hygiene Re occurring respiratory infections.

4. Risk factors Children -age group between 3-15 year Smoking Allergies Low immunity

5. Types Acute pharyngitis Chronic pharyngitis Bacterial pharyngitis Viral pharyngitis Allergic pharyngitis

6. Acute pharyngitis Acute pharyngitis is a common infection or sudden inflammation of the pharynx that is more common in patients younger than 25 years of age. Primary symptom is sore throat.

7. Incidence 5-15 years More common in adolescents and younger adults. It occurs less frequently in elderly persons.

8. Causes Common cold Viral infections -Epstein Barr virus, Herpes virus

9. Pathophysiology Due to etiological factors Entry of microorganisms in the pharynx Redness and edema in the pharyngeal wall Inflammation and infection in the pharynx Clinical manifestations

10. Clinical manifestations Catarrhal phase Marked congestion in the posterior pharyngeal wall which appears like red velvet Dysphagia Odynophagia Sore throat Hoarseness of voice Otalgia Swollen lymph nodes Fever General malaise Loss of appetite

11. Purulent stage Pharyngeal wall may be coated with micro purulent discharge.

12. ULCERATIVE OR GANGRENOUS In extreme cases ulcerations with membrane formation may be present.

13. Diagnostic evaluation History collection. Physical examination. Throat swab culture CBC Rapid strep test- The rapid strep test (RST) is a rapid antigen detection test (RADT) that is widely used in clinics to assist in the diagnosis of bacterial pharyngitis caused by group A streptococci (GAS), sometimes termed strep throat.

14. Management Pharmacological management Antipyretics and analgesics- Aspirin, acetaminophen Corticosteroids- Dexamethasone, Prednisone Antibiotics Penicillin is the best choice. Person who are allergic to penicillin can be treated with erythromycin.

15. management Cephalosporins. Macrolides- Clarithromycin, Azithromycin. Medications should be given for at least 10 days. Antitussive medications. Nutritional therapy Liquid or soft diet. Avoid hot/ cold food items.

16. Nutritional therapy Liquid or soft diet Should avoid cold and hot food items

17. Nursing management Provide symptomatic care. Educate the patient about the signs of strep throat this helps in identifying the disease early Warning signs include :-dyspnoea, drooling of saliva, Dysphagia, inability to open and close the mouth. Advice the patient to stay in bed during febrile stage. Warm saline gargles. Provide mouth care./Educate the patients about the importance of mouth care. Teach the patient about the methods of waste disposal ( used tissues)

18. CHRONIC PHARYNGITIS It is occurring due to repeated attacks of acute pharyngitis CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS Persistent inflammation of pharynx Common in adults TYPES Hypertonic Atrophic Chronic granular

19. types Hyper tonic:- characterized by general thickening and congestion of the pharyngeal mucus membrane. Atrophic :- probably at late stage of first (the membrane is thin ,whitish, glittering and at the same time wrinkles. Chronic granular:- Clergyman’s sore throat, characterised by numerous swollen lymph follicles on the pharyngeal wall.

20. Predisposing factors Endogenous factors:- Nasal blockage due to DNS Allergic rhinitis Chronic sinusitis Chronic dental sepsis Chronic bronchitis Bronchiectasis Tropical eosinophilia Intestinal parasitic infestation Faulty voice production

21. Exogenous:- Tobacco chewing. Alcohol consumption. Atmospheric pollution.

22. symptoms Throat irritation Cough Pain Swallowing difficulty vocal fatigue Blood stained sputum

23. signs Catarrhal:- general congestion may be present Granular:- the posterior pharyngeal wall appears to be studied with granules which vary from pink to deep red colour. Dilated veins can be seen. Follicular:- single or multiple yellowish cysts may be present occasionally due to cystic change in the mucous glands.

24. Medical management Symptomatic management. Avoid exposure to irritants. Correcting the respiratory, pulmonary, cardiac condition that might be responsible for a chronic cough. Nasal sprays – phenylephrine hydrochloride Aspirin 15 % of silver nitrate applied once a week for 4-5 sittings may give symptomatic relief for a long time.

25. Nursing management Assess for the severity of disease. Advice to take hot water gargles. Advice to take steam inhalation. Advice to avoid close contact with others until fever subsides to prevent spreading infection. Advice to avoid alcohol, tobacco chewing, second hand smoking and exposure to cold or to environmental or occupational pollutants. Advice the patient to wear disposable face mask. Encourage the patient to take plenty of oral fluids. Lozenges will keep the throat moistened.