Nursing regulatory bodies

Nursing management

1. NURSING REGULATORY BODIES: ACCREDITATION, RENEWAL, REGISTRATION AND PATIENT RIGHTS Princy Francis M . II nd MSc (N) JMCON

2. DEFINITIONS Regulation : Regulation refers to the processes used to designate that an individual, programme, institution or product have met established standards set by an agent (governmental or non-governmental) recognised as qualified to carry out this task. - Styles & Affara , 1997

3. Accreditation Accreditation is the process whereby an organization or agency recognizes a college or university of programme of study as having met certain predetermined qualifications or standards” - Selden, 1996

4. Licensure Licensure is defined as the “process by which an agency of state government grant permission to an individual to engage in a given profession upon finding that the applicant has attained the essential degree of competency necessary to perform a unique scope of practice” - NCSBN, 2004

5. REGULATION - Goals Define the profession and its members Determine the scope of practice Set standards of education Set standards of ethical and competent practice Establish systems of accountability Establish credentialing processes

6. REGULATORY BODY “ Regulatory body is the formal organization designated by a statute or an authorized governmental agency to implement the regulatory forms and process whereby order, consistency and control are brought to the profession and its practice.” - ICN,1997

7. Importance of Regulatory Bodies To provide quality health care service to the public. To support and assist professional members. Set and enforce standards of nursing practice. Monitor and enforce standards for nursing education. Set the requirements for registration of nursing professionals. To exercise legal control over institution within their respective area.

8. Aims of regulatory bodies of nursing To establish, monitor and enforce essential standards; improve and sustain education, training and practice and provide a framework for nursing practice relevant to public. To provide public authority, credibility, protection and support to nurses to perform to the maximum extent of their capabilities To promote regulation of profession of nursing by herself in order to ensure your appropriate standard of education and practice

9. To permit and encourage nurses to participate in and influence public debate on health policy. To ensure that each of its practitioners in in is accountable to the public for nursing practice. To provide comparable labour regulations to guarantee and safeguard the working of, and systems of remuneration for practitioners

10. OBJECTIVES To protect public by ensuring qualified and competent practitioners of nursing To define scope and standards of education, training and practice. To reflect and be responsive to the country’s health care needs. To develop code of ethics, professional conduct and job classification and its validation measures To maintain and update knowledge, skill and attitudes of professionals. To provide equitable fair and responsible regulations To prepare strict regulation and place an effective monitoring mechanism in regard to anti ragging measures.

11. NURSING REGULATORY MECHANISMS Main functions To protect patient or society. To define the scope of nursing practice. To identify the minimum level of nursing care that must be provided to clients.

12. TYPES OF REGULATORY BODIES OF NURSING INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR NURSES INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL TRAINED NURSES ASSOCIATION OF INDIA STATE NURSING COUNCIL

13. INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF NURSES (ICN) Founded in 1899 by Bedford Fenwick It is a federation of nonpolitical and self-governing national nurses association. Head quarters : Geneva, Switzerland. Worlds first and widest reach international organization for health professionals. ICN meets every 4 years. It is operated by nurses, for Nurses. Purpose : To provide a mean through which the national associations can share their interest in the promotion of health and care of the sick.

14. Mission: To represent nursing worldwide, advancing the profession and influencing health policy. Functions To promote the development of strong national nurses association To assist national nurses association to improve the standards of nursing and competencies of nurses. To assist national nurses associations to improve the status of nurses within their countries To serve as the authoritative voice for nurse and nursing internationally.

15. Activities PROFESSIONAL NURSING PRACTICE : Advance nursing practice , Primary health care , Family health, women’s health, Safe water NURSING REGULATIONS : Code of ethics, standards & competencies, Continuing education. SOCIO-ECONOMIC WELFARE FOR NURSES : Occupational health & safety, Career development.

16. Indian nursing council, 1949   The council is responsible for regulations and maintenance of uniform standards of training for nurses, midwives, auxiliary nurse midwives and health visitors. Aims To establish uniform standard of training throughout the state Prohibit training centre , which are inadequate Prohibit practice of nursing by non –qualified nurses.

17. Functions To establish and monitor a uniform standard of nursing education. To recognize the qualifications for the purpose of registration and employment everywhere. To give approval for registration of Indian and foreign nurses possessing foreign qualification. To prescribe the syllabus and regulations for nursing programme . Power to withdraw the recognition in case the institution fails to maintain its standard. To advise the state nursing councils, examining board, state and central government in various important items in nursing education.

18. Trained nurses Association of India, 1905 The national professional association. Objectives Uphold the dignity and honour of nursing profession Promote a sense of espirit -de-corps among all the nurses. Enabling members to take counsel together on matters relating to their profession .

19. Aims To standardize, upgrade, develop nursing education and to elevate nursing education. To improve the living and working conditions of the nurses and develop the educational conditions available for nursing. To provide registration for qualified nurses and to provide reciprocity of registration within different states in the country and within different countries.

20. Benefits of TNAI Membership Holding national level conferences Low cost publications for members and students Continuing education programmes for updating knowledge Socio-economic welfare programmes Research studies are conducted regularly for benefit of members Scholarship for TNAI members and student nurses. Annual grant to state branches to hold activities. One fourth railway concession for TNAI members. Nurses day celebration at Rashtrapati Bhavan every year.

21. State Nursing Council Registration councils are functioning in all the states of India Providing the registration to the nurses Maintains a register of names of professional nurses All degree holding nurses also have to get the registration in state council. Nurses, midwives, auxiliary nurse midwives and health visitors are registered.

22. Functions Recognize Officially and inspect schools of nursing in their states. Conduct examinations. Prescribe rules of conduct, take disciplinary actions, etc. Maintain registers of graduate nurses, nurses holding degrees in nursing, midwives revised auxiliary nurse midwives or multi-purpose workers and health visitors.

23. Kerala Nurses and Midwives Council (KNMC) It is an autonomous statutory body constituted by the Government of Kerala under the provisions of Nurses and Midwives Act 1953. Prof. Valsa . K. Panicker is the present Registrar.

24. FUNCTIONS Establishment and maintenance of uniform standards of nursing education in Kerala. Registration of successful candidates from Kerala as Registered Nurse – Registered Midwife (RN RM). Reciprocal registration of candidates who have acquired educational qualification from recognized institutions of other states. Renewal of Registration on expiry of validity. Verification of Registration and Diploma certificates from authorities inside and outside India .

25. Approval of Colleges and Schools of Nursing and withdrawal of recognition in case if the institution fails to maintain standards. Conduct of undergraduate programmes like General Nursing and Midwifery (GNM), Auxiliary Nursing and Midwifery (ANM) and Post Basic Diploma in Nursing Clinical Specialties.  Conduct of examinations for GNM, ANM, Post Basic Diploma in Specialty Nursing and female Health Supervisor programmes . Organization of Continuing Education Programme for Nursing Professionals. Award of credit hours for CNE Programmes

26. ACCREDITATION A process of review and approval by which an institution, programme or specific service is granted a time-limited recognition of having met certain established standards beyond those that are minimally acceptable. - ICN

27. PURPOSES Maintenance of adequate admission requirements Maintenance of minimum academic standards Stimulation of institutional self improvements. Protection of institutions of higher education against educationally and socially harmful pressures.

28. FUNCTIONS It aims to protect the autonomy of various health service programmes . It preserves the quality of nursing education. It protects the public from ill prepared nurses. It protects the institutions unsound and unsafe political pressure. It helps the practitioner for the broad scope of nursing practice .

29. TYPES Regional accreditation agencies : These are concerned with appraising the total activities of institutions of higher learning and with guarding the quality of liberal education National professional accreditation agencies: Professional accrediting is supported by state licensing laws. Individuals who hold a common body of knowledge and who have a desire to attain high vocational status tend to form professional organisations . State accrediting agencies : Accreditation may be a function of state agencies, departments and state universities. These agencies may be voluntary extra-legal (or legal).

30. Acreditation agencies International accrediting agency 1. National league for nursing 2. The American association of nurse anesthetist 3. The American Nurses association 4. Common wealth nurses federation National accrediting agency National Professional Accrediting agencies 1 . Medical council of India 2. Dental Council of India 3. Pharmacy council of India 4. The Christian Medical Association of India 5. Indian nursing council National Education Councils in India 1. Central Advisory Board of education 2. All India Council for elementary education 3. All India Council for Secondary education 4. University Grants Commission 5. All India Council for Technical education 6. National Assessment and Accreditation Council State accrediting bodies State nursing council

31. D

32. 1.1 National league for Nursing It is founded in 1893 Headquarters: Washington A national organization for faculty nurses and leaders in nurse education. It offers faculty development, networking opportunities, testing services, nursing research grants, and public policy initiatives to more than 40,000 individual and 1,200 education and associate members .

33. 1.2 The American association of nurse anesthetist, 1931 It is the professional association representing nearly 53,000 Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs) and student registered nurse anesthetists nationwide. The AANA promulgates education and practice standards and guidelines, and affords consultation to both private and governmental entities regarding nurse anesthetists and their practice.

34. The AANA Foundation supports the profession by awarding education and research grants to students, faculty and practicing CRNAs. Nearly 90 percent of the nation's nurse anesthetists are members of AANA.

35. 1. 3 The American Nurses association It is a professional organization to advance and protect the profession of nursing. It started in 1896 as the Nurses Associated Alumnae and was renamed the American Nurses Association in 1911. The association is a professional organization representing registered nurses (RNs) in the United States. The ANA is involved in establishing standards of nursing practice, promoting the rights of nurses in the workplace, advancing the economic and general welfare of nurses .

36. 1. 4 Common wealth nurses federation The TNAI is also affiliated with the common wealth nurses federation It is a Nurses Association begun by the common wealth foundations. It is made up of Nurses associations from common wealth countries. Headquarters : London.

37. Aims To promoter sharing, better communications and close relationship between its member association. It also provides expert professional advice scholarships for advanced study, financial assistance for professional meetings and seminars and an office through which funds can be received and disbursed for the benefit of Nursing in the countries which are represented.

38. National accrediting agency National accrediting agencies are concerned with appraising the total activites of institutions of higher learning, and with safe guarding the quality of liberal education which is the foundation of professional programmes in college and universities. National professional accrediting agencies in India and National education council in India

39. 2.1 National Professional Accrediting agencies Professional accreditation is supported by state licensing laws. Individuals who hold a common body of knowledge and who desire to attain high vocational status tend to form professional organization. These professional groups aim to foster research to improve service to the public and increase the number of individuals admitted to the profession. Professional groups tend to restrict admission through the state licensing laws and through the accreditation of colleges and universities, which offer relevant programmes .

40. 2.1.1 Medical council of India Established in 1934 under the Indian Medical Council Act, 1933, with the main function of establishing uniform standards of higher qualifications in medicine and recognition of medical qualifications in India and abroad.

41. 2.1.2 Dental council of India The Dental Council of India was incorporated under The Dentists Act, 1948 to regulate dental education and the profession throughout India. It is financed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and through the local state dental councils

42. 2.1.3 Pharmacy council of India It is the statutory body of government of India also called as central council constituted under the Pharmacy Act, 1948. The main objectives are regulation of the Pharmacy Education in the Country for the purpose of registration as a pharmacist under the Pharmacy Act and regulation of Profession and Practice of Pharmacy.

43. 2.1.4 The Christian Medical Association of India, 1905 It began as a fellowship of Christian Missionary doctors to provide spiritual and professional sharing and support. Its present name was assumed in 1926. Headquarters for the CMAI are in New Delhi with a South office in Bangalore.

44. Functions To provide spiritual support and a better understanding of the healing ministry with a focus upon the Bible. It does this through retreats and conferences. To provide professional training through formal and informal education, publication of text books and other materials and scholarships To encourage community health work through training, advisory services and technical support. To assist and support churches and health institution with study and training To work with other agencies in an exchange of information and development and programmes it is the official agency of the National Council of Churches in India. To disperse health related information which will help with health education and lead towards a more healthy and just society .

45. 2.1.5. Indian Nursing Council f

46. 2.2 National Education Councils in India 2.2.1 All India Council for elementary education, 1984 The aim and objective to promote elementary education with special reference to the role being played by non-governmental organizations.

47. 2.2.2 All India Council for Secondary education All India Council of Secondary Education, Delhi has been constituted to regulate the Middle (8th), Matriculation (10th), Intermediate (12th) and other vocational courses (Under Self Employment Education Scheme) in India. With the help of educational experts to educate the poor & disadvantaged girls, women and boys of urban, slums & rural areas for upliftment the literacy level in India.

48. 2.2.3 Central Advisory Board of education, 1920 It is the oldest and highest advisory board in India to advise the central and state Governments in the field of education. Functions : to review the progress of education in the country from time to time, to appraise the extent and manner in which the education policy has been implemented by the Central and State Governments to advise the central and state Governments regarding the coordination between government and non- government agencies for educational development in accordance with educational policy

49. 2.2.4 University Grants Commission, 1956 It is a statutory body set up by the Indian Union government in accordance to the UGC Act 1956 under Ministry of Human Resource Development The objectives are coordination, determination and maintenance of standards of university education. It provides recognition to universities in India, and disburses funds to such recognized universities and college.

50. 2.2.5 All India Council for Technical education It is the statutory body and a national-level council for technical education, under Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development. The AICTE is vested with statutory authority for planning, formulation and maintenance of norms and standards, quality assurance through school accreditation, funding in priority areas, monitoring and evaluation, maintaining parity of certification and awards and ensuring coordinated and integrated development and management of technical education in the country.

51. 2.2.6 National Assessment and Accreditation Council It is an organisation that assesses and accredits higher education Institutions in India. It is an autonomous body funded by University Grants Commission of Government of India Headquarters : Bangalore. The mandate of NAAC as reflected in its vision statement is in making quality assurance an integral part of the functioning of Higher Education Institutions.

52. Accreditation of Nursing institutions Indian Nursing council is the official accrediting agency for all programmes of nursing Diploma(GNM), BSc Nursing (both basic and post basic, Baccalaureate), MSc(N) /M.Phil.(Masters) and PhD (Doctoral programmes ).

53. Accreditation by Inspection First Inspection: The first inspection is conducted on the receipt of proposal. Periodic inspection : 3 years. INC monitors the standard of nursing education and its adherence to the norms prescribed by it. Institutions required to pay annual affiliation fees every year. However, if the institution doesnot comply with the norms prescribed by the INC for teaching, clinical and physical facilities, the institution will be declared unsuitable.

54. Reinspection: It is conducted for unsuitable institution. The institution and government are informed about deficiencies and advised to improve upon them. Once the institution takes necessary steps to rectify the deficiencies, it should submit the compliance report with documentary proof of the rectified deficiencies and reinspection fees. On receipt of the compliance report and fees from the institution it will be considered for reinspection. Enhancement inspection : INC conduct inspection on receipt of fees and proposal for enhancement of seats among institution which found suitable by INC.

55. LICENSURE/REGISTRATION A document issued by a body charged with the exclusive right to determine eligibility for practice in a specified profession, or field in the profession. It is generally used within a regulatory system that prohibits practice without a license. -ICN

56. Purpose Licensure offers protection to the public It ensure minimum competency among professional. It ensures minimum standard among the professionals. It help to prevent malpractice. It helps to regulate the professional conduct.

57. In India all nurses are required to be licensed to work in any part of the country, for that they have to be registered in any of the state nursing council. All over India each state running their own nursing council. Registration councils are functioning in all states of India and they are affiliated to INC.

58. NURSING LICENSURE The process, sanctioned by the law, of granting exclusive power or privilege to persons meeting established standards, which allows them to engage in a given occupation or profession, and to use a specific title. - ICN The primary purpose of licensure was, and still is, the protection of the public.

59. CURRENT NURSING LICENSURE ACTS In 1997, the Delegate Assembly of the National council of state Boards of Nursing moved to a new level of nursing regulation. The assembly approved a resolution endorsing a mutual recognition model of nursing regulation. Through this model individual state boards will develop an interstate compact allowing nurses licensed in one state to practice in all other states and territories. Nurses will be responsible for following the laws and regulations of those states, although they will not be required to apply for individual state licensure. Nurses are required to apply for licensure in each state in which they practice. Nurses will be responsible for following the laws and regulations of those states

60. Components of nursing practice acts Two essential components 1. To protecting the health and safety of the public 2. Protection of the title of RN Nursing practice act describes the requirements for licensure. Registered nurse, is reserved for those meeting the requirements to practice nursing in the state.

61. PROCESS OF REGISTRATION It is the process by which individuals are assessed and given status on a registry attesting to individual’s ability and current competency. Its purpose is to keep a continuous record of the past and current achievements of an individual.

62. KNMC REGISTRATION Kerala Nursing Council recently introduced an online application system for nursing registration and renewal. The Registration process can be completed online for GNM, B.Sc Nursing, Post B.Sc Nursing, M. Sc Nursing, and for any additional qualification have successfully completed. For Kerala Nursing registration and Renewal, use www.knmc.org renewal registration www.knmc.org online registration The Primary registration is meant for those who studied in Kerala and Reciprocal is for those who studied out side Kerala.

63. Complete the application form displayed with the needed data. After completing the application form, cross check to ensure that the information supplied are correct then submit the application. On submission will receive an application number in the e-mail address provided. Payments can be made online using credit/debit cards, internet banking and Challan.

64. RENEWAL OF LICENSURE The process for periodic reissuing of the legal authority to practice. Renewal system in a proper way it will help to improve the professional competencies in nursing. In KNMC instructed that all the nurses renew their registration every 5 years for that they need a specific (150) credit hours.

65. PATIENTS RIGHTS The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare ( MoHFW ) has recently released a ‘Charter of Patients Rights’ that compiles the lawful rights as stated in the Constitution of India. 17 rights

66. Right to information Right to records and reports Right to emergency medical care Right to informed consent Right to confidentiality, human dignity and privacy Right to non-discrimination Right to safety and quality care according to standards

67. Right to choose alternative treatment options if available Right to a second opinion Right to transparency in rates, and care according to prescribed rates wherever relevant Right to choose the source for obtaining medicines or tests Right to proper referral and transfer, which is free from perverse commercial influences

68. 13. Right to protection for patients involved in clinical trials 14. Right to protection of participants involved in biomedical and health research 15. Right to be discharged, Right to receive the body of a deceased person from the hospital 16. Right to Patient Education 17. Right to be heard and seek redressal

69. JOURNAL ABSTRACT The accreditation of nursing education in Australia The National Registration and Accreditation Scheme has given rise to significant challenges related to the accreditation of nursing programs of education in Australia. Given the importance of accreditation to the quality of nursing education, ANMAC in its appointed role as accrediting authority, must fill the position rather than occupy it.

70. Enhancing transparency and effectiveness is central to ensuring accreditation facilitates quality in nursing education. Given ANMAC's key position, further work is needed in developing a broad base of expertise by fostering scholarly output in the substantive area of nursing accreditation. There is a concerning lack of research centred on the accreditation of programs of nursing education along with the processes associated with it.

71. Impact of accreditation standards on the quality of continuing nursing education activities as perceived by the learner Continuing nursing education (CNE) activities are increasingly becoming a requirement for RNs to maintain licensure or certification and to remain competent in practice in the fast-changing health care environment. Regardless of the health care profession, continuing education should be a quality educational experience to positively influence practice and patient outcomes. A 15-item matrix based on the 2013 American Nurses Credentialing Center Primary Accreditation criteria was used to evaluate CNE activities.

72. The matrix reflected the characteristics that a learner should be able to identify when participating in a Web-based CNE activity. A measurable learner-perceived difference was observed in the quality of the educational experience between educational activities developed by organizations using accreditation criteria, compared with those that did not. Learners can use accreditation criteria as one method to discriminate high-quality educational activities that are designed to positively influence practice and patient outcomes.

73. ASSIGNMENT “Accreditation of nursing college with annual intake of 100 students”

74. REFERENCES Vati J. Nursing Management and administration. Newdelhi : Jaypee Brothers Publication; 2013. K. Deepak, Chandran S, Kumar M. Textbook on Nursing Mangement . Bangalore:Emmess Publishers;2013. https://www.thebetterindia.com/158829/patient-right-hospital-law/ https://www.knmc.org/about.html Clement I. Management of nursing services and education. India: Elsevier publication; 2013. Basvanthappa B T. Nursing Administration. 2nd edition. Newdelhi : Jaypee Brothers Publication; 2009.