Nursing History
The nurse determines:
Normal voiding pattern and frequency
Appearance of the urine and any recent
changes
Any past or current problems with urination
The presence of an ostomy
Factors influencing the elimination pattern
Physical Assessment
Percussion of the kidneys
To detect areas of tenderness and
palpation for contour, size, tenderness,
and lumps.
Percussion and palpation of the bladder
Examination of the urethral meatus
Look for swelling, discharge, and
inflammation.
Assessment of Urine
Measure volume
Inspect color, clarity, and volume
Test for specific gravity, glucose, ketone
bodies, blood, and pH
Diagnostic Tests
To determine urinary tract disease or
disorders of other body systems
influencing the production of urine
Urinalysis
Urine culture
Radiographic examinations (KUB and IVP)
Cystoscopy
Blood tests