Nutraceutical

1. Nutraceutical’s let food be your medicine … Presented By- Ganesh Singh Bhakuni m.Pharm ( p’cology ) ISCP Moga. 1

2. Content’s Introduction Dietary supplemants Probiotics prebiotics antioxidants Herbal medicines Advantage of nutraceutical 2

3. INTRODUCTION The term “ Nutraceutical ” was coined from “ Nutrition ” “ Pharmaceutical ” in 1989 by Stephen DeFelice MD, Founder and Chairman of the Foundation for Innovation in Medicine (FIM). “ Nutraceutical is any substance that is a food or apart of food and provides medical or health benefits, including the prevention and treatment of disease ” or promotion of health . 3

4. The nutraceutical’s are associated with the prevention or treatment of four major diseases like heart disease ,cancer hypertension and diabetes. Pharmaceuticals are substances which have (or have had) patent protection as a result of expensive testing to conform to the specifications of respective Governments. 4

5. However, many nutrients may never receive government approval since no one could justify the expense of testing requirements for substances that cannot be protected by patent laws. Both pharmaceuticals and nutrients can cure and prevent disease(s) but only pharmaceuticals have governmental sanction. 5

6. DRUG NUTRACEUTICAL 6 PREVENTION

7. Advantage of nutraceuticals Nutraceutical have the potential to play a role in healthy eating and to contribute to the prevention and treatment of diseases so that how functional components in foods could expand the role of disease prevention and treatment. The nutraceuticals are preferred due to- Since new molecule is difficult to discover and more expensive and risky then ever before, many pharmaceutical companies are now trying to nutraceuticals so that there is undoubtedly a very huge and growing market . The belief among consumers that these “food like substances” are either harmless or least toxic as compared to conventional pharmaceuticals . Increased healthcare costs with conventional pharmaceuticals, recent legislation and scientific discoveries. 7

8. Inappropriate dietary habits are seen as contributing to the leading cause of deaths of due to coronary heart disease, certain type of cancers etc. the role of nutraceuticals in treating these Conditions is thus speculated. Nutraceuticals are gaining popularity as people are relying on them for safeguarding their health and avoiding side effects associated with drugs as well Long history of use and better patient tolerance as well as public acceptance Plants constitute to be a major source of new lead generation 8

9. CATEGORIES DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Probiotics, Prebiotics, Antioxidants, Enzymes, etc. HERBAL/ PHYTOCHEMICALS Herbs or Botanical products. NUTRIENTS Vitamins, Minerals, Amino Acids, Fatty acids, etc. 9

10. probiotic   Probiotics are live microbial food ingredients, which are beneficial to health.Colon is the most densely populated region of the gastrointestinal tract and harbors an estimated 500 different bacterial species. Probiotic bacterial species The various types of bacteria that are having the probiotics characteristics are- Lactobacilli Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lactobacillus reuteri Lactobacillus case Bifidobacterium breve Streptococcus 10

11. Prebiotics are the substances, which reach to colon in intact form i.e. without getting depleted by the gastric pH and digestive acids. These prebiotics also selectively promote the growth of colonel probiotic bacteria; hence they act as fertilizers for these bacteria. These are collective term for non-digestive but a fermentable dietary carbohydrate that may selectively stimulates growth of certain bacterial groups’ resident in the colon, such as Bifidobacteria , Lactobacilli considered to be beneficial for the human host. inulin , which is soluble dietary fibres and resistant to digestive enzyme and thus reaches to large intestine or colon essentially intact, where it is fermented by resistant bacteria, Lactobacilli . PREBIOTICS 11

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13. ANTIOXIDANTS 13 Antioxidants are quite large in number and diverse in nature which oppose the process of oxidation largely by neutralizing free radicals at relatively small concentrations have the potential to inhibit to inhibit the oxidants chain reactions . Dietary antioxidants and some accessory molecules, such as zinc and certain vitamins are important in maintaining free radical scavenging systems, biosynthetic capacity, membranes, enzymes . Antioxidants are found in the vegetable oils. eg - Soybean oil, canola oil, corn oil, oat oil, wheat germ oil, palm oil, evening prime rose oil. Like tocopherols (vitamin E) lower the susceptibility of LDL oxidation and also reduce platelet’s role in thrombus formation.

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17. Classification of antioxidants Vitamins   Vitamin C, vitamin E                          Carotenoids    β- Carotine , lycopine    Thiols    lipoic Acid, gutathione                    Enzymes         Co-Enzyme Q-10, super oxide dismastase Selenium     Minerals, copper, manganese, zinc 17

18. Herbals : Aloe vera : Anti-inflammatory, emollient, wound healing, Evening Primrose oil : Dietary supplement of linoleic acid, treatment of atopic eczema, Garlic : Antibacterial, antifungal, antithrombotic, antiinflammatory , Ginger : carminative, antiemetic, treatment of dizziness 18

19. Ginseng : Adaptogen , Green tea : Antioxidant, reduces risk of CVD, enhances humoral and cell mediated Immunity, Vegetables, fruits, whole grain, herbs, nuts and various seeds contain an abundance of phenolic compounds, terpenoids , sulphur compounds, pigments etc. that has been associated with protection / treatment of certain disease conditions, 19

20. Phytochemicals : Phytochemicals could provide health benefits as: Substrate for biochemical reactions Cofactors of enzymatic reactions Inhibitors of enzymatic reactions Absorbents that bind to & eliminate undesirable constituent in the intestine. 5. Scavengers of reactive or toxic chemicals 20

21. Various Phytochemicals Phytochemicals Source Role Tocotrienols & tocopherols Grains Suppressed the growth of diverse tumors cell lines via initiation of apoptosis and concomitant arrest of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle Carotenoids Fruits & vegetables Antioxidants, protects against uterine, prostate, colorectal, lung and digestive tract cancers, and protection to other antioxidants. 21

22. Flavonoids Grapes, wines Action against free radicals, free radicals mediated cellular signaling, inflammation, allergies, platelet aggregation, & hepatotoxins Catechin & gallic acids Grapes, berries, cocoa, green tea, acacia spp. Antioxidants, free radical scavenging ability, inhibition of eicosanoid synthesis, reduces CHD Isoflavonoids Soybeans Treating cancers & osteoporosis 22

23. Vitamins like Compounds L- Carnitine : Helps in oxidation of fatty acids, role in oxidative phosphorylation , Choline : Lipotropic agent, used to treat fatty liver and disturbed fat metabolism, Inositol : For amino acid transport and movement of Potassium and sodium, Taurine : Helps in retinal photoreceptor activity, bile acid conjugation, WBC antioxidant activity, CNS neuromodulation , platelet aggregation, cardiac contractibility, sperm motility, insuline activity, 23

24. Minerals : Calcium : essential for bone and teeth, maintaining bone strength, nerve, muscle and glandular function, blood clotting, Iron : energy production, Hb , oxygen transport, Magnesium : for healthy nerve and muscle function, bone formation, Phosphorous : energy production, phosphorylation process, bone and teeth, for genetic material, 24

25. NUTRACEUTICALS AVAILABLE IN MARKET Brand name Components Function Betatene Carotenoids Immune function Xangold Lutein esters Eye health Lipoec - lipoic acid Potent antioxidant Generol Phytosterol CHD reduction Premium probiotics probiotics Intestinal disorder Soylife Soyabean phytoestrogen Bone health 25

26. Brand name Components Function Z-trim Wheat Zero calorie fat replacer Linumlife Lignan extract flax Prostate health Fenulife Fenugreek galactomannon Control blood sugar Teamax Green tea extract Potent antioxidant Marinol  3 FA, DHA, EPA Heart health protection Clarinol CLA Weight loss ingredient Cholestaid Saponin Reduce cholesterol 26

27. APPLICATIONS OF NUTRACEUTICALS 27

28. 28 Class /components source Potential benifit Beta-carotene Carrots, various fruits Neutralizes free radicals, which may damage cells; bolsters cellular antioxidan t defenses Lycopene Tomatoes May contribute to maintenance of prostate Monosaturated fatty acids Tree nuts May reduce risk of coronary heart disease Flavonols Onions, apples, tea, broccoli Neutralize free radical, which may damage cells;bolster cellular,antioxidation defences

29. 29 Soy protein Soybeans and soy-based food May reduce risk of coronary heart disease Lactobacilli, bifidobacteria Yogurt, other dairy and nondairy applications health and systematic immunity May improve gastrointestinal

30. 30 The Food Safety and Standard Rules, 2011 have been issued and have become effective from 5th May, 2011. The Food Safety and Standard Authority has also issued regulations with respect to Licensing and Registration of food business, Packing and Labeling, Food products standard and additive etc. The Acts,Rules and Regulations are now implemented from 5th August, 2011. Thus, there is now one single legislation and specified authorities to regulate manufacture, distribution and of sale nutraceuticals , functional foods anddietary supplements in India.

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