Nutraceuticals in cardiovascular disease

Foods and nutrients play a very important role in normal functioning of the body. They are helpful in maintaining the health of the individual and in reducing the risk of various diseases. Worldwide acceptance of nutraceuticals formed a relation between "nutrition" and "health" and therefore the concept of "Nutraceuticals" was evolved . In recent years, a new diet health paradigm is evolving which places more emphasis on the positive aspects of diet. The new lifestyle adopted by people today has changed the basic food habits of the latter. Consumption of the junk food has increased manifold leading to a number of diseases caused due to improper nutrition. Obesity is now recognized as a global issue. Heart disease continues to be a primary cause of death in most of the developing countries worldwide, followed by cancer, osteoporosis, arthritis and many others. Consumers being frustrated with the expensive, high-tech, disease-treatment approach in the modern medicines are seeking complementary or alternative beneficial products in the form of nutraceuticals.
Nutraceuticals are the emerging class of natural products that makes the line between food and drugs to fade .Nutraceutical is the hybrid of ‘nutrition’ and ‘pharmaceutical’. Nutraceuticals, in broad, are food or part of food playing a significant role in modifying and maintaining normal physiological function that maintains healthy human beings. The principal reasons for the growth of the nutraceutical market worldwide are the current population and the health trends. The food products used as nutraceuticals can be categorized as dietary fibre, prebiotics, probiotics, polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants and other different types of herbal foods.
The nutraceuticals facilitate in combating the key health complications of the century such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, osteoporosis, arthritis, diabetes, cholesterol etc. In whole, ‘nutraceutical’ has led to the new era of medicine and health, in which the food industry has become a research oriented sector.

1. Preventive role of Nutraceuticals in Diseases Girisha Maheshwari

2. What are Nutraceuticals ? A food (or part of food) that provides health or medical benefits including prevention and/or treatment of disease. El Sohaimy , S.A., 2012. Functional foods and nutraceuticals -modern approach to food science.  World Applied Sciences Journal ,  20 (5), pp.691-708.

3. Various Nutraceuticals used against different diseases Chintale Ashwini , G., Kadam Vaishali , S., Sakhare Ram, S., Birajdar Ganesh, O. and Nalwad Digambar , N., 2013. Role of nutraceuticals in various diseases: A comprehensive review.  Int. J. Res. Pharm. Chem ,  3 , pp.290-299.

4. Health burden of CVDs worldwide Mendis , S., Puska , P., Norrving , B. and World Health Organization, 2011. Global atlas on cardiovascular disease preventioan and control. Geneva: World Health Organization. CVDs are the leading cause of deaths globally - more people die from CVDs than any other disease. CVDs occur equally in men and women Twenty-five million people will die from CVDs annually by 2030 - most of the deaths being due to stroke and heart disease

5. Cardiovascular Diseases Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. Mendis , S., Puska , P., Norrving , B. and World Health Organization, 2011.  Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control . Geneva: World Health Organization. OHalloran , L. and Slattery, M., 2017. Assessing the knowledge of cardiovascular disease among young people in South Dublin.  Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,  1 (4), pp.187-194.

6. Types of Cardiovascular Diseases Atherosclerosis Coronary heart disease (CHD) Chest pain (angina pectoris) Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia) Congestive heart failure (CHF) Congenital and rheumatic heart disease Stroke OHalloran , L. and Slattery, M., 2017. Assessing the knowledge of cardiovascular disease among young people in South Dublin.  Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,  1 (4), pp.187-194.

7. Diseases About Disease Nutraceuticals Action of Nutraceuticals Atherosclerosis Disease in which inside of an artery narrows due to build up of plague Omega-6-fatty acids, polyphenols and flavanols macrophage polarization, foam cell formation Chest Pain (Angina Pectoris) Occurs when the heart muscle doesn't get as much blood as it needs. Coenzyme q10(coq10), L-carnitine, Fish oil Coq10 -lower the heart’s oxygen demands, L-carnitine improves heart muscle metabolism Fish oil lowers triglyceride levels, increase HDL cholesterol, help minimize inflammation and blood clotting, and keep blood vessels healthy Irregular Heartbeat (Arrhythmia) Also known as cardiac dysrhythmia is a group of condition in which the heart beat is irregular, too slow or too fast. Magnesium , coq10 and hawthorn extract Magnesium improves the delivery of oxygen to the heart muscle as well as improving the production of energy within the heart muscle. Coenzyme Q10 (coq10 ) helps in energy production within the heart. Hawthorn  helps in lowering blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels. Congestive Heart Failure Blood moves through the heart at a slower rate and pressure in the heart increases. Heart cannot pump enough oxygen and nutrients to meet body`s demand. Ubiquinol , PQQ, l- carnitine Ubiquinol provides energy needed for the cells energy production units called mitochondria. PQQ increases the number of mitochondria within a heart muscle cell. l- carnitine ensures proper permeability of the mitochondrial membrane. Stroke Medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain results in cell deadth . Flavonoids , phenolic Beneficial in preclinical models of stroke by modulating intracellular redox-sensitive pathways. Ríos- Hoyo , A., Romo-Araiza , A., Meneses -Mayo, M. and Gutiérrez- Salmeán , G., 2017. Prehispanic Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in the Treatment of Dyslipidemia Associated to Cardiovascular Disease: a Mini-Review.  International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ,  1 (1), pp.1-14.

8. Mechanism of Nutraceuticals in CVD Omega-3-fatty acid Polyphenols Flavonoids Alissa , E.M. and Ferns, G.A., 2012. Functional foods and nutraceuticals in the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases.  Journal of nutrition and metabolism ,  2012 .

9. Alissa , E.M. and Ferns, G.A., 2012. Functional foods and nutraceuticals in the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases.  Journal of nutrition and metabolism ,  2012 .

10. Din, J.N., Newby, D.E. and Flapan , A.D., 2004. Omega 3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease—fishing for a natural treatment.  Bmj ,  328 (7430), pp.30-35.

11. Alissa , E.M. and Ferns, G.A., 2012. Functional foods and nutraceuticals in the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases.  Journal of nutrition and metabolism ,  2012 .

12. Rodella , L.F. and Favero , G., 2013. Atherosclerosis and Current Anti-Oxidant Strategies for Atheroprotection . In Current Trends in Atherogenesis . InTech .

13. Alissa , E.M. and Ferns, G.A., 2012. Functional foods and nutraceuticals in the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Journal of nutrition and metabolism, 2012.

14. Grassi , D., Desideri , G. and Ferri , C., 2010. Flavonoids: antioxidants against atherosclerosis.  Nutrients ,  2 (8), pp.889-902.

15. Conclusion The beneficial effects of functional foods and Nutraceuticals can be concluded that: Reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, reduced risk of cancer, weight: loss/management, reduced osteoporosis, improved memory, improved health and reduced risk of many other diseases . Functional Food and Nutraceuticals will be hopeful to good health in the future; it has been convincingly demonstrated to be beneficial for their intended purposes when consumed as part of a generally well balanced and healthy diet. El Sohaimy , S.A., 2012. Functional foods and nutraceuticals -modern approach to food science. World Applied Sciences Journal, 20(5), pp.691-708.

16. References Mendis , S., Puska , P., Norrving , B. and World Health Organization, 2011.  Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control . Geneva: World Health Organization. OHalloran , L. and Slattery, M., 2017. Assessing the knowledge of cardiovascular disease among young people in South Dublin.  Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,  1 (4), pp.187-194 . Ríos- Hoyo , A., Romo-Araiza , A., Meneses -Mayo, M. and Gutiérrez- Salmeán , G., 2017. Prehispanic Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in the Treatment of Dyslipidemia Associated to Cardiovascular Disease: a Mini-Review.  International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ,  1 (1), pp.1-14. El Sohaimy , S.A., 2012. Functional foods and nutraceuticals -modern approach to food science.  World Applied Sciences Journal ,  20 (5), pp.691-708. Chintale Ashwini , G., Kadam Vaishali , S., Sakhare Ram, S., Birajdar Ganesh, O. and Nalwad Digambar , N., 2013. Role of nutraceuticals in various diseases: A comprehensive review.  Int. J. Res. Pharm. Chem ,  3 , pp.290-299. Grassi , D., Desideri , G. and Ferri , C., 2010. Flavonoids: antioxidants against atherosclerosis.  Nutrients ,  2 (8), pp.889-902. Alissa , E.M. and Ferns, G.A., 2012. Functional foods and nutraceuticals in the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Journal of nutrition and metabolism, 2012. Rodella , L.F. and Favero , G., 2013. Atherosclerosis and Current Anti-Oxidant Strategies for Atheroprotection . In Current Trends in Atherogenesis . InTech . Din, J.N., Newby, D.E. and Flapan , A.D., 2004. Omega 3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease—fishing for a natural treatment.  Bmj ,  328 (7430), pp.30-35 .